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Dutt M, Dhekney SA, Soriano L, Kandel R, Grosser JW. Temporal and spatial control of gene expression in horticultural crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2014; 1:14047. [PMID: 26504550 PMCID: PMC4596326 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnology provides plant breeders an additional tool to improve various traits desired by growers and consumers of horticultural crops. It also provides genetic solutions to major problems affecting horticultural crops and can be a means for rapid improvement of a cultivar. With the availability of a number of horticultural genome sequences, it has become relatively easier to utilize these resources to identify DNA sequences for both basic and applied research. Promoters play a key role in plant gene expression and the regulation of gene expression. In recent years, rapid progress has been made on the isolation and evaluation of plant-derived promoters and their use in horticultural crops, as more and more species become amenable to genetic transformation. Our understanding of the tools and techniques of horticultural plant biotechnology has now evolved from a discovery phase to an implementation phase. The availability of a large number of promoters derived from horticultural plants opens up the field for utilization of native sequences and improving crops using precision breeding. In this review, we look at the temporal and spatial control of gene expression in horticultural crops and the usage of a variety of promoters either isolated from horticultural crops or used in horticultural crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjul Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Sadanand A Dhekney
- Department of Plant Sciences, Sheridan Research and Extension Center, University of Wyoming, Sheridan, WY 82801, USA
| | - Leonardo Soriano
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Raju Kandel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Sheridan Research and Extension Center, University of Wyoming, Sheridan, WY 82801, USA
| | - Jude W Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
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Gago J, Grima-Pettenati J, Gallego PP. Vascular-specific expression of GUS and GFP reporter genes in transgenic grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Albariño) conferred by the EgCCR promoter of Eucalyptus gunnii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:413-9. [PMID: 21393008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the view of the economic importance of grapevine and the increasing threaten represented by vascular diseases, transgenic grapevine with enhanced tolerance could represent an attractive opportunity. Hitherto, constitutive promoters have been used generally to study the effects of transgene expression in grapevine. Given the fact that constitutive gene expression may be harmful to the host plant, affecting plant growth and development, the use of tissue -specific promoters restricting gene expression to tissues of interest and at given developmental stages could be more appropriate. For this purpose, we decided to study in grapevine the activity of the Eucalyptus gunnii CCR promoter that was previously reported to be vascular-preferential. We transformed grapevine with the "Sonication assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation" (SAAT) method and a construct where both GUS and GFP (green fluorescent protein) marker genes were under control of the EgCCR promoter. High GUS and GFP activities were found to be associated with the newly formed vascular tissues in stems, leaves and petioles of transformed grapevine, suggesting a preferential activity of the EgCCR promoter in the vascular tissues of grapevine. These results suggest the tissue-specificity of this promoter from eucalyptus is conserved in grapevine and that it could be used to drive expression of defense genes in order to enhance resistance against vascular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gago
- Applied Plant and Soil Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Lau JM, Korban SS. Transgenic apple expressing an antigenic protein of the human respiratory syncytial virus. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:920-927. [PMID: 20307914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A gene coding for the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-F protein, driven by the constitutively expressed CaMV 35S promoter, was introduced into leaf tissues of apple, Malusxdomestica Borkh. cv. Royal Gala, via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Two putative transgenic lines were identified, and the presence of the RSV-F gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 25 plants from these different transgenic events were successfully rooted, acclimatized, and transferred to the greenhouse. Stable integration of the transgene was confirmed and transgene copy number was determined by DNA gel blot analysis. Expression of the npt-II selectable marker and RSV-F was determined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed varying levels of protein expression of the RSV-F transgene, ranging from 0 to 20 microg/g tissue. This is a first step in an effort to assess the efficacy of using apple for developing a plant-based vaccine against RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann M Lau
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Kole C, Michler CH, Abbott AG, Hall TC. Levels and Stability of Expression of Transgenes. TRANSGENIC CROP PLANTS 2010. [PMCID: PMC7122870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04809-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that in a given cell, at a particular time, only a fraction of the entire genome is expressed. Expression of a gene, nuclear, or organellar starts with the onset of transcription and ends in the synthesis of the functional protein. The regulation of gene expression is a complex process that requires the coordinated activity of different proteins and nucleic acids that ultimately determine whether a gene is transcribed, and if transcribed, whether it results in the production of a protein that develops a phenotype. The same also holds true for transgenic crops, which lie at the very core of insert design. There are multiple checkpoints at which the expression of a gene can be regulated and controlled. Much of the emphasis of studies related to gene expression has been on regulation of gene transcription, and a number of methods are used to effect the control of gene expression. Controlling transgene expression for a commercially valuable trait is necessary to capture its value. Many gene functions are either lethal or produce severe deformity (resulting in loss of value) if over-expressed. Thus, expression of a transgene at a particular site or in response to a particular elicitor is always desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Kole
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Charles H. Michler
- NSF I/UCRC Center for Tree Genetics, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Albert G. Abbott
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Timothy C. Hall
- Institute of Developmental & Molecular Biology Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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Tsuwamoto R, Harada T. Identification of a cis-regulatory element that acts in companion cell-specific expression of AtMT2B promoter through the use of Brassica vasculature and gene-gun-mediated transient assay. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:80-90. [PMID: 19939834 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis underlying the development, maintenance and function of companion cells in plants is largely unknown. The identification of several genes expressed specifically in companion cells implies the contribution of specific transcriptional elements to the identity of companion cells. However, less is known about the companion cell-specific transcriptional regulation of promoters. We established a novel assay method using gene-gun delivery of partially deleted promoters to string-containing vascular bundles excised from the petiole of Brassica napus for the rapid identification of cis-elements. To test this system, we analyzed the Arabidopsis METALLOTHIONEIN 2B (MT2B) gene, which is expressed in companion cells. The assay revealed a 49-bp region possessing two predicted cis-regulatory elements: a G-box and an evening element-related sequence (EEr), and EEr showed higher activity. We confirmed the reliability of the result with stable transformants harboring a deleted MT2B promoter:GUS transgene. The lack of EEr completely eliminated the MT2B-like expression, but the lack of G-box did not eliminate it. We conclude that EEr is a major cis-regulatory element of the MT2B promoter. Our method will help to explain the transcriptional background of companion cells through the rapid identification of cis-regulatory regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tsuwamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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Srivastava AC, Ganesan S, Ismail IO, Ayre BG. Effective carbon partitioning driven by exotic phloem-specific regulatory elements fused to the Arabidopsis thaliana AtSUC2 sucrose-proton symporter gene. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:7. [PMID: 19154603 PMCID: PMC2654897 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AtSUC2 (At1g22710) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a phloem-localized sucrose/proton symporter required for efficient photoassimilate transport from source tissues to sink tissues. AtSUC2 plays a key role in coordinating the demands of sink tissues with the output capacity of source leaves, and in maintaining phloem hydrostatic pressure during changes in plant-water balance. Expression and activity are regulated, both positively and negatively, by developmental (sink to source transition) and environmental cues, including light, diurnal changes, photoassimilate levels, turgor pressure, drought and osmotic stress, and hormones. RESULTS To assess the importance of this regulation to whole-plant growth and carbon partitioning, AtSUC2 cDNA was expressed from two exotic, phloem-specific promoters in a mutant background debilitated for AtSUC2 function. The first was a promoter element from Commelina Yellow Mottle Virus (CoYMV), and the second was the rolC promoter from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. CoYMVp::AtSUC2 cDNA restored growth and carbon partitioning to near wild-type levels, whereas plants harboring rolCp::AtSUC2 cDNA showed only partial complementation. CONCLUSION Expressing AtSUC2 cDNA from exotic, phloem-specific promoters argues that strong, phloem-localized expression is sufficient for efficient transport. Expressing AtSUC2 from promoters that foster efficient phloem transport but are subject to regulatory cascades different from the endogenous sucrose/proton symporter genes has implications for biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash C Srivastava
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 305220, Denton, TX 76203 5220, USA
- Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Plant Biology Division, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Savita Ganesan
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 305220, Denton, TX 76203 5220, USA
- Amyris Biotechnologies, Inc, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Ihab O Ismail
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 305220, Denton, TX 76203 5220, USA
| | - Brian G Ayre
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 305220, Denton, TX 76203 5220, USA
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Wada M, Ureshino A, Tanaka N, Komori S, Takahashi S, Kudo K, Bessho H. Anatomical Analysis by Two Approaches Ensure the Promoter Activities of Apple AFL Genes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2503/jjshs1.78.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gessler C, Patocchi A. Recombinant DNA technology in apple. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 107:113-32. [PMID: 17522823 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the achievements of almost 20 years of recombinant DNA technology applied to apple, grouping the research results into the sections: developing the technology, insect resistance, fungal disease resistance, self-incompatibility, herbicide resistance, fire blight resistance, fruit ripening, allergens, rooting ability, and acceptance and risk assessment. The diseases fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, and scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, were and still are the prime targets. Shelf life improvement and rooting ability of rootstocks are also relevant research areas. The tools to create genetically modified apples of added value to producers, consumers, and the environment are now available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Gessler
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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