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Design and synthesis of novel conformationally constrained 7,12-dihydrodibenzo[b,h][1,6] naphthyridine and 7H-Chromeno[3,2-c] quinoline derivatives as topoisomerase I inhibitors: In vitro screening, molecular docking and ADME predictions. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105174. [PMID: 34314913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel non-camptothecin (non-CPT) class of conformationally constrained, hitherto unknown 7,12-dihydrodibenzo[b,h][1,6] naphthyridine and 7H-Chromeno[3,2-c] quinoline derivatives have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for anti-cancer activity. In vitro anti-proliferation evaluation against human cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7) exhibited significant cytotoxicity. Among the derivatives (8-24), 8 (IC50 0.44 μM and IC50 0.62 μM) and 12 (IC50 0.69 μM and IC50 0.54 μM) were identified as the most promising candidate against A-549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines respectively. Topo I inhibitory activity of 8 and 12 suggested that, they may be developed as potential anti-cancer molecules in future and rationalized by docking analysis with effective binding modes. Further, in silico ADME prediction studies of all derivatives were found promising, signifying the drug like properties. In precise, the present investigation displays a new strategy to synthesize and emphasis on anticancer activities of conformationally constrained dibenzo[b,h][1,6] naphthyridine derivatives and Chromeno[3,2-c] quinoline derivatives in the context of cancer drug development and refinement.
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2
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Joshi G, Kalra S, Yadav UP, Sharma P, Singh PK, Amrutkar S, Ansari AJ, Kumar S, Sharon A, Sharma S, Sawant DM, Banerjee UC, Singh S, Kumar R. E-pharmacophore guided discovery of pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines as dual inhibitors of topoisomerase-I and histone deacetylase. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Chiang CJ, Lin LJ, Wu CP, Chen CJ, Chao YP. Development of Nanoscale Oil Bodies for Targeted Treatment of Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9438-9445. [PMID: 30122032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most widespread disease and is frequently associated with a high level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This study was thus conducted to provide a proof-of-concept approach for targeted therapy of lung cancer by development of nanoscale oil bodies (NOBs). This was carried out by fusion of anti-EGFR affibody (ZEGFR2) with oleosin (Ole), a structure protein of plant seed oils. The fusion protein (Ole-ZEGFR2) was produced in Escherichia coli. NOBs were spontaneously assembled from plant oil, phospholipids, and Ole-ZEGFR2. Consequently, Ole-ZEGFR2-based NOBs were selectively internalized by EGFR-positive lung cancer cells with an efficiency exceeding 90%. Furthermore, the hydrophobic anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT), was encapsulated into Ole-ZEGFR2-based NOBs. The administration of the CPT formulation based on NOBs resulted in a strong antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yun-Peng Chao
- Department of Medical Research , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447 , Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Feng Chia University , 100 Wenhwa Road , Taichung 40724 , Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung 41354 , Taiwan
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4
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Novel triclabendazole prodrug: A highly water soluble alternative for the treatment of fasciolosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:616-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Botella P, Rivero-Buceta E. Safe approaches for camptothecin delivery: Structural analogues and nanomedicines. J Control Release 2016; 247:28-54. [PMID: 28027948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-(S)-camptothecin is a strongly cytotoxic molecule with excellent antitumor activity over a wide spectrum of human cancers. However, the direct formulation is limited by its poor water solubility, low plasmatic stability and severe toxicity, which currently limits its clinical use. As a consequence, two strategies have been developed in order to achieve safe and efficient delivery of camptothecin to target cells: structural analogues and nanomedicines. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the design, synthesis and development of camptothecin molecular derivatives and supramolecular vehicles, following a systematic classification according to structure-activity relationships (structural analogues) or chemical nature (nanomedicines). A series of organic, inorganic and hybrid materials are presented as nanoplatforms to overcome camptothecin restrictions in administration, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Nanocarriers which respond to a variety of stimuli endogenously (e.g., pH, redox potential, enzyme activity) or exogenously (e.g., magnetic field, light, temperature, ultrasound) seem the best positioned therapeutic materials for optimal spatial and temporal control over drug release. The main goal of this review is to be used as a source of relevant literature for others interested in the field of camptothecin-based therapeutics. To this end, final remarks on the most important formulations currently under clinical trial are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Botella
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eva Rivero-Buceta
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Qin SY, Peng MY, Rong L, Li B, Wang SB, Cheng SX, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Self-defensive nano-assemblies from camptothecin-based antitumor drugs. Regen Biomater 2015; 2:159-66. [PMID: 26816639 PMCID: PMC4669010 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbv011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT)-based drugs always undergo the reversible, pH-dependent lactone ring-opening reaction, yielding the inactive but toxic carboxylate form. Self-assembly strategy provides an effective route for preserving their bio-stability. In this article, nano-sized self-assemblies from CPT-based antitumor drugs were simply built up by directly diluting the stock dimethylsulfoxide solutions of (S)-(+)-CPT, (S)-10-hydroxyl camptothecin and carboxylic CPT with water/phosphate-buffered saline solution. Because of their different molecular structures in A-ring or modification on the 20-OH group, CPT self-assembled into helical nano-ribbons, whereas 10-hydroxycamptothecin and carboxylic CPT self-aggregated into flat nano-ribbons and cylindric nano-rods, respectively. Attractively, the self-assembly of CPT-based drugs could occur within 1 min at a low concentration of 1 × 10−5 M. Adopting the J-type self-aggregation, self-assemblies were stable in aqueous solution and could effectively protect the CPT-based drugs from hydrolysis, which thereby kept their bioactivity for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China;; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Huang Q, Wang L, Lu W. Evolution in medicinal chemistry of E-ring-modified Camptothecin analogs as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:746-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Qiu N, Yin H, Ji B, Klauke N, Glidle A, Zhang Y, Song H, Cai L, Ma L, Wang G, Chen L, Wang W. Calcium carbonate microspheres as carriers for the anticancer drug camptothecin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Gokhale M, Thakur A, Rinaldi F. Degradation of BMS-753493, a novel epothilone folate conjugate anticancer agent. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1315-27. [PMID: 23039020 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.728226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BMS-753493 is a folate-targeted candidate being developed for the treatment of cancer. As part of preformulation efforts, our aim was twofold - to understand the major degradation pathways and, study its kinetics of degradation to aid drug product development. Given the complexity of degradation, BMS-748285, the epothilone moiety of BMS-753493 was used as model compound to evaluate the major degradation pathway viz; macrolactone versus aziridine ring hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of BMS-753493 was studied in the pH range of 1.5-9.4 in 0.05 M buffers at 0.5 ionic strength and 5-40°C. Three major pathways were identified; carbonate ester hydrolysis and hydrolysis of aziridine and macrolactone rings resulting in addition products with identical masses (m/z = 794) in the pH range of 5-7.5. Similarly, two addition products, D1 and D2 (m/z = 555) were also formed on hydrolysis of BMS-748285 under neutral pH conditions. The reaction products from BMS-748285 were isolated and characterized using LC-MS and LC-SPE-NMR (1-D ¹H and 2-D HMBC, heteronuclear single quantum coherence) analyses. LC-NMR analysis indicated an intact aziridine ring and opened macrolactone ring, resulting in D1 and D2, an isomeric hydroxy acid pair resulting from an alkyl oxygen cleavage. By analogy to BMS-748285, BMS-753493 was also postulated to undergo alkyl cleavage of the macrolactone, forming two epimeric hydroxy acids under neutral pH. The pH-stability data were also consistent with these findings. Additionally, the degradation kinetics for BMS-753493, indicated a U-shaped pH-stability profile with maximum stability at pH 7. Based on the stability and solubility considerations, the pH range of 6-7 was optimal for an injectible drug product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhushree Gokhale
- Exploratory Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.
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10
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Oliyai R, Brewster ME, Ozeki T, Rajewski RA, Charman W. Professor Valentino J. Stella: scientist, mentor, entrepreneur, family man, and giant in pharmaceutical chemistry. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:2989-95. [PMID: 22648793 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Oliyai
- Formulation and Process Development, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California 94404, USA.
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11
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Li Z, Li X, Cao Z, Xu Y, Lin H, Zhao Y, Wei Y, Qian Z. Camptothecin nanocolloids based on N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan: efficient suppression of growth of multiple myeloma in a murine model. Oncol Rep 2012; 27:1035-40. [PMID: 22245938 PMCID: PMC3583474 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits very strong antitumor effects by inhibiting the activity of DNA topoisomerase I, but its application is greatly limited due to its low solubility and the instability of the active lactone form. To overcome these shortcomings, in the present study, we prepared novel camptothecin nanocolloids based on N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (CPT-TMC) to efficiently and safely administer CPT systemically. Herein, we investigated the antitumor activity of CPT-TMC against a murine Balb/c myeloma model. Our results showed that CPT-TMC more effectively inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival time than CPT in vivo, but no statistical difference was observed in vitro between CPT-TMC and CPT. These findings suggest that N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan could increase the stability and the antitumor effect of CPT and CPT-TMC is a potential approach for the effective treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, PR China
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12
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Guo XM, Guo B, Zhang Q, Sun X. Absorption of 10-hydroxycamptothecin on Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles with layer-by-layer self-assembly and drug release response. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:3039-46. [PMID: 21327277 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the structural and zeta potential properties of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) were investigated by FT-IR and zeta potential analyzer under different pH. The anticancer drug HCPT as a model drug was used to prepare a high-performance and relatively easy-to-fabricate system on Fe(3)O(4) magnetite nanoparticles by using a polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and HCPT interlayer self-assembly method. The results obtained from FT-IR and XRD confirmed that HCPT was molecularly dispersed into the nanoparticles. The method holds not only environment-friendly characteristics and the ability to mimic the self-organization process in biological systems but also greatly decreases adjuvant polymers. In addition, the system has an ideal drug payload for the delivery of insoluble HCPTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ming Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
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13
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Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A. Polymeric micelles as drug stabilizers: the camptothecin and simvastatin cases. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(10)50042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Shi Y, Porter W, Merdan T, Li LC. Recent advances in intravenous delivery of poorly water-soluble compounds. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:1261-82. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240903307423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Department R43D, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Rd, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6196, USA
| | - William Porter
- Department R4P3, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Rd, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6120, USA;
| | - Thomas Merdan
- Scientific Project Management, Abbott GmbH & Co. KG, Global Pharmaceutical, Research & Development, SOLIQS, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Luk Chiu Li
- Abbott Animal Health, Department AH71, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Rd, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6375, USA
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15
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Watanabe M, Kawano K, Toma K, Hattori Y, Maitani Y. In vivo antitumor activity of camptothecin incorporated in liposomes formulated with an artificial lipid and human serum albumin. J Control Release 2008; 127:231-8. [PMID: 18384903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is a strong antitumor agent, but its use limited by its low solubility and the instability of the active lactone form. To overcome these difficulties, liposomes incorporating CPT (CPT liposomes) were designed and tested. CPT liposomes were formulated by the addition of 3,5-bis(dodecyloxy)benzoic acid (DB) to polyethylene glycol-containing liposomes, and by coating the surface of the liposomes with human serum albumin (HSA, HSA-DB-L). HSA-DB-L successfully entrapped CPT with about 80% efficiency and with a particle size of about 150 nm. HSA-DB-L showed attenuated drug release and storage stability. Pharmacokinetics studies in mice showed that i.v. injection of HSA-DB-L (2.5 mg/kg) led to prolonged circulation in the plasma; the area under the curve was 22-fold higher than that of CPT solution. The tumor growth in mice with subcutaneous transplantation of colon 26 tumor cells was significantly inhibited after a single i.v. injection of HSA-DB-L at a dose of 15 mg/kg without any significant body weight loss. HSA-DB-L increased the accumulation of CPT in tumor tissue significantly (9.6-fold) more efficiently than CPT solution 24 h after i.v. injection. These findings suggest that HSA-DB-L could increase the stability and the antitumor effect of CPT. CPT delivery by novel liposome formulations is a potential approach for effective treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Watanabe
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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16
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Edsall AB, Agoston GE, Treston AM, Plum SM, McClanahan RH, Lu TS, Song W, Cushman M. Synthesis and in vivo antitumor evaluation of 2-methoxyestradiol 3-phosphate, 17-phosphate, and 3,17-diphosphate. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6700-5. [PMID: 18052315 DOI: 10.1021/jm070639e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A prodrug strategy was investigated to address the problem of limited aqueous solubility and the resulting limited bioavailability of the antitumor agent 2-methoxyestradiol. The 3-phosphate, 17-phosphate, and 3,17-diphosphate of 2-methoxyestradiol were synthesized. 2-methoxyestradiol 3-phosphate was metabolized more efficiently to the parent compound in vivo than 2-methoxyestradiol 17-phosphate, and it was also more cytotoxic in cancer cell cultures than either the 17-phosphate or the 3,17-diphosphate. These results agree with the in vivo anticancer activity of 2-methoxyestradiol 3-phosphate in a mouse Lewis lung carcinoma experimental metastasis model as opposed to the 17-phosphate and 3,17-diphosphate, both of which were inactive. The in vivo antitumor activity of 2-methoxyestradiol 3-phosphate at a dose of 200 mg/kg per day was comparable to that of a maximally tolerated dose of cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Edsall
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Denora N, Potts BCM, Stella VJ. A Mechanistic and Kinetic Study of the β-Lactone Hydrolysis of Salinosporamide A (NPI-0052), A Novel Proteasome Inhibitor. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:2037-47. [PMID: 17554770 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of aqueous degradation of Salinosporamide A (NPI-0052; 1), a potent proteasome inhibitor that is currently in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and is characterized by a unique beta-lactone-gamma-lactam bicyclic ring structure. The degradation of 1 was monitored by HPLC and by both low- and high-resolution mass spectral analyses. Apparent first-order rate constants for the degradation at 25 degrees C were determined in aqueous buffer solutions (ionic strength 0.15 M adjusted with NaCl) at various pH values in the range of 1 to 9. Degradation kinetics in water and in deuterium oxide were compared as a mechanistic probe. The studies were performed at pH (pD) 4.5 at 25 degrees C. To further confirm the reaction mechanism, the degradation was also performed in (18)O-enriched water and the degradation products subjected to HPLC separation prior to mass spectral analysis. Solubility and stability in (SBE)(7m)-beta-cyclodextrin (Captisol) solutions were also determined. The hydrolytic degradation of 1, followed by both HPLC and LC/MS, showed that the drug in aqueous solutions gives a species with a molecular ion consistent with the beta-lactone hydrolysis product (NPI-2054; 2). This initial degradant further rearranges to a cyclic ether (NPI-2055; 3) via an intramolecular nucleophilic displacement reaction. The kinetic results showed that the degradation of 1 was moderately buffer catalyzed (general base) and the rate constants were pH independent in the range of 1-5 and base dependent above pH 6.5. No acid catalysis was observed. The kinetic deuterium solvent isotope effect (KSIE) was 3.1 (kH/kD) and a linear proton inventory plot showed that the rate-determining step involved only a single proton transfer. This suggested that a neighboring hydroxyl group (as opposed to a second water molecule) facilitated water attack at pD 4.5. Mass spectral analysis from the (18)O-labeling studies proved that the mechanism involves acyl-oxygen bond cleavage and not a carbonium ion mechanism. 1 is unstable in water (t(90%) <or= 33 min at pH <5) and degrades via beta-lactone hydrolysis involving a normal ester hydrolysis mechanism (addition-elimination) resulting in acyl-oxygen bond cleavage. Captisol solubilized and stabilized 1 in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Stella VJ, Nti-Addae KW. Prodrug strategies to overcome poor water solubility. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:677-94. [PMID: 17628203 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug design in recent years has attempted to explore new chemical spaces resulting in more complex, larger molecular weight molecules, often with limited water solubility. To deliver molecules with these properties, pharmaceutical scientists have explored many different techniques. An older but time-tested strategy is the design of bioreversible, more water-soluble derivatives of the problematic molecule, or prodrugs. This review explores the use of prodrugs to effect improved oral and parenteral delivery of poorly water-soluble problematic drugs, using both marketed as well as investigational prodrugs as examples. Prodrug interventions should be considered early in the drug discovery paradigm rather than as a technique of last resort. Their importance is supported by the increasing percentage of approved new drug entities that are, in fact, prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino J Stella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA.
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Zsila F, Nadolski G, Lockwood SF. Association studies of aggregated aqueous lutein diphosphate with human serum albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein in vitro: Evidence from circular dichroism and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3797-801. [PMID: 16678417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Water-dispersible C40 carotenoid derivatives, with increased utility in mammalian therapeutic applications, include natural stereoisomer-based (3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein (beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol) derivatives. Esterification with inorganic phosphate and conversion to the sodium salt produced compounds (lutein diphosphate sodium salt; 'LdP') capable of forming red-orange aqueous suspensions after addition to USP-purified water. The aqueous dispersibility of this diphosphate salt reached 29 mg/mL without the addition of heat, detergents, co-solvents, or other additives, and was a potent direct scavenger of superoxide anion (by EPR spectroscopy) in an isolated human neutrophil assay. In the current study, preliminary evidence of the aqueous aggregation of this compound in EPR studies was confirmed using circular dichroism (CD) and electronic absorption (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Evidence for H-type ('card-pack') and J-type ('head-to-tail') self-assemblies was obtained. In vitro analysis of the potential binding interaction between LdP and human serum albumin (HSA) and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) revealed only non-specific binding with HSA (and none with AGP), contrasting with previous reports of direct interaction between astaxanthin-based soft drugs and the major plasma protein albumin. The rapid in vivo cleavage of this phosphodiester by promiscuous mammalian phosphatases may overcome the aqueous aggregation of the formulated compound. This difference in potential plasma protein interaction with prior reports reflects the subtle structural differences inherent in either the parent carotenoid scaffolds and/or the esterifying moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, H-1525 Budapest, PO Box 17, Hungary
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Barreiro-Iglesias R, Bromberg L, Temchenko M, Hatton TA, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Solubilization and stabilization of camptothecin in micellar solutions of pluronic-g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers. J Control Release 2005; 97:537-49. [PMID: 15212885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The capability of a family of copolymers comprising Pluronic (PEO-PPO-PEO) surfactants covalently conjugated with poly(acrylic acid) (Pluronic-PAA) to enhance the aqueous solubility and stability of the lactone form of camptothecin (CPT) was studied. The unprotected lactone form of CPT, which possesses cytotoxic activity, is rapidly converted to the ring-opened carboxylate form under physiological conditions. Firstly, surfactant properties such as critical micellization concentration (CMC) of Pluronic-PAA copolymers were characterized. Then, the equilibrium solubility partitioning and hydrolysis of the lactone form of CPT in the presence of Pluronic-PAA in water and in human serum were analyzed. CPT solubility in polymer micellar solutions was ca. 3- to 4-fold higher than that in water at pH 5. The amount of CPT solubilized per PPO was considerably greater in the Pluronic-PAA solutions than in the parent Pluronic solution, which suggests that the drug is not only solubilized by the hydrophobic cores and also by the hydrophilic POE-PAA shells of the micelles. The equilibrium partition coefficient of the CPT lactone between Pluronic-PAA solutions and water exceeded (2-3) x 10(3). The complete solubilization of CPT and the absence of chemical interactions between CPT and Pluronic-PAA were confirmed by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC), infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction of films. The loading of CPT into the Pluronic-PAA micelles was able to prevent the hydrolysis of the lactone group of the drug for 2 h at pH 8 in water. When compared to the unprotected CPT, the kinetics of the CPT hydrolysis in human serum was about 10-fold slower in the Pluronic-PAA formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barreiro-Iglesias
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15872, Spain
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