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Danková M, Domoráková I, Fagová Z, Stebnický M, Kunová A, Mechírová E. Bradykinin and noradrenaline preconditioning influences level of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD and catalase in the white matter of spinal cord in rabbits after ischemia/reperfusion. Eur J Histochem 2019; 63. [PMID: 31631645 PMCID: PMC6802454 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2019.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of present work is to assess the effects of bradykinin (Br) or noradrenaline (Nor) preconditioning to the levels of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and catalase in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model in the rabbit spinal cord white matter as well as effect on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin immunoreaction in glial cells. Rabbits were preconditioned by intraperitoneal single dose of Br or Nor 48 h prior to 20 min of ischemia followed by 24 or 48 h of reperfusion. White matter of L3-L6 spinal cord segments was used for comparison of antioxidant enzyme levels in sham control, ischemic groups and four preconditioned groups. The total SOD level in the Br or Nor preconditioned groups after 48 h of reperfusion was increased vs Br or Nor preconditioned groups after 24 h of reperfusion. The comparison among the ischemic group vs Br preconditioned (P<0.05), and Nor preconditioned (P<0.001) groups after 48 h of reperfusion, showed statistically significant decrease of Mn-SOD activity. Tissue catalase level activity was significantly decreased in the Br preconditioned group after 48 h of reperfusion (P<0.05) and Nor preconditioned groups after 24 h of reperfusion (P<0.001) and also after 48 h of reperfusion (P<0.001), in comparison to ischemic group after 48 h of reperfusion. Significantly decreased tissue catalase activity (P<0.05) in both Nor preconditioned groups after 24 or 48 h of reperfusion was measured vs Br preconditioned group after 48 h of reperfusion. According to our results, in the white matter, activation of stress proteins in glial cells, as well as antioxidant enzymes levels, were influenced by pharmacological preconditioning followed by 20 min of ischemia and 24 or 48 h of reperfusion. These changes contribute to ischemic tolerance acquisition and tissue protection from oxidative stress during reperfusion period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Danková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice.
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Choudhry H, Albukhari A, Morotti M, Haider S, Moralli D, Smythies J, Schödel J, Green CM, Camps C, Buffa F, Ratcliffe P, Ragoussis J, Harris AL, Mole DR. Tumor hypoxia induces nuclear paraspeckle formation through HIF-2α dependent transcriptional activation of NEAT1 leading to cancer cell survival. Oncogene 2015; 34:4482-90. [PMID: 25417700 PMCID: PMC4430310 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation of cellular transcriptional responses, mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), is common in many types of cancer, and generally confers a poor prognosis. Known to induce many hundreds of protein-coding genes, HIF has also recently been shown to be a key regulator of the non-coding transcriptional response. Here, we show that NEAT1 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a direct transcriptional target of HIF in many breast cancer cell lines and in solid tumors. Unlike previously described lncRNAs, NEAT1 is regulated principally by HIF-2 rather than by HIF-1. NEAT1 is a nuclear lncRNA that is an essential structural component of paraspeckles and the hypoxic induction of NEAT1 induces paraspeckle formation in a manner that is dependent upon both NEAT1 and on HIF-2. Paraspeckles are multifunction nuclear structures that sequester transcriptionally active proteins as well as RNA transcripts that have been subjected to adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing. We show that the nuclear retention of one such transcript, F11R (also known as junctional adhesion molecule 1, JAM1), in hypoxia is dependent upon the hypoxic increase in NEAT1, thereby conferring a novel mechanism of HIF-dependent gene regulation. Induction of NEAT1 in hypoxia also leads to accelerated cellular proliferation, improved clonogenic survival and reduced apoptosis, all of which are hallmarks of increased tumorigenesis. Furthermore, in patients with breast cancer, high tumor NEAT1 expression correlates with poor survival. Taken together, these results indicate a new role for HIF transcriptional pathways in the regulation of nuclear structure and that this contributes to the pro-tumorigenic hypoxia-phenotype in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - A Albukhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Morotti
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Haider
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Moralli
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - J Smythies
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - J Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C M Green
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - C Camps
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - F Buffa
- Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - P Ratcliffe
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - J Ragoussis
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- BSRC Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - A L Harris
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D R Mole
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Tan C, Zhang LY, Chen H, Xiao L, Liu XP, Zhang JX. Overexpression of the human ubiquitin E3 ligase CUL4A alleviates hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:403-8. [PMID: 22120631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin E3 ligase CUL4A plays important roles in diverse cellular processes including carcinogenesis and proliferation. It has been reported that the expression of CUL4A can be induced by hypoxic-ischemic injury. However, the effect of elevated expression of CUL4A on hypoxia-reoxygenation injury is currently unclear. In this study, human CUL4A (hCUL4A) was expressed in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells using adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer, and the effects of hCUL4A expression on hypoxia-reoxygenation injury were investigated. In PC12 cells subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation, we found that hCUL4A suppresses apoptosis and DNA damage by regulating apoptosis-related proteins and cell cycle regulators (Bcl-2, caspase-3, p53 and p27); consequently, hCUL4A promotes cell survival. Taken together, our results reveal the beneficial effects of hCUL4A in PC12 cells upon hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tong Zipo Road, Changsha 410013, China
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Calandrella N, De Seta C, Scarsella G, Risuleo G. Carnitine reduces the lipoperoxidative damage of the membrane and apoptosis after induction of cell stress in experimental glaucoma. Cell Death Dis 2010; 1:e62. [PMID: 21364667 PMCID: PMC3032525 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathological damage caused by glaucoma is associated to a high intraocular pressure. The ocular hypertone is most likely due to a defective efflux of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye. Ocular hypertension causes apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells and overexpression of molecular markers typical of cell stress response and apoptosis. In this work, we report on the neuroprotective, antiapoptotic and antioxidant action of a natural substance, -carnitine. This compound is known for its ability to improve the mitochondrial performance. We analyze a number of cellular and molecular markers, typical of ocular hypertension and, in general, of the cell stress response. In particular, -carnitine reduces the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase, ubiquitin and caspase 3 typical markers of cell stress. In addition, the morphological analysis of the optic nerve evidenced a reduction of the pathological excavation of the optic disk. This experimental hypertone protocol induces a severe lipoperoxidation, which is significantly reduced by -carnitine. The overall interpretation is that mortality of the retinal cells is due to membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Calandrella
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
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Yamauchi T, Sakurai M, Abe K, Matsumiya G, Sawa Y. Ubiquitin-mediated stress response in the spinal cord after transient ischemia. Stroke 2008; 39:1883-9. [PMID: 18388347 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.106.455832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vulnerability of motor neurons in the spinal cord against ischemia is considered to play an important role in the development of delayed paraplegia after surgery of the thoracic aorta. However, the reasons for such vulnerability are not fully understood. Recently, the ubiquitin system has been reported to participate in neuronal cell death. In the present study, we investigated the expression of ubiquitin system molecules and discussed the relationship between the vulnerability and the ubiquitin system after transient ischemia in the spinal cord. METHODS Fifteen minutes of spinal cord ischemia in rabbits was applied with the use of a balloon catheter. In this model, the spinal motor neuron shows selectively delayed neuronal death, whereas other spinal neurons such as interneurons survive. Immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting for ubiquitin system molecules, ubiquitin, deubiquitylating enzyme (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase 1), and ubiquitin-ligase parkin were examined. RESULTS In cytoplasm, ubiquitin and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase 1 were strongly induced both in interneuron and motor neuron at the early stage of reperfusion, but the sustained expression was observed only in motor neuron. Parkin was induced strongly at 3 hours after the reperfusion, but the immunoreactivity returned to the sham control level at 6 hours in both neurons. In the nuclei, ubiquitin, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase 1, and parkin were strongly induced in interneuron, whereas no upregulation of these proteins was observed in motor neuron. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the vulnerability of motor neuron of the spinal cord might be partially attributed to the different response in ubiquitin-mediated stress response after transient ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate school of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Calandrella N, Scarsella G, Pescosolido N, Risuleo G. Degenerative and apoptotic events at retinal and optic nerve level after experimental induction of ocular hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 301:155-63. [PMID: 17242991 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ocular hypertension is a symptom of a glaucomatous condition characterized by a severe vision decrease. Blindness caused by the apoptotic death of the retinal ganglion cells and of the astrocytes of the optic nerve may eventually result. Experimental hypertension was induced by inoculation of methylcellulose in the anterior chamber. Chromatin staining, TUNEL assay, and inter-nucleosomal DNA fragmentation observed in retina and optic nerve strongly suggest that hypertension causes apoptosis. Immunolocalization of the fibrillary acidic glial protein, specific of cell stress, and caspase-3 in the same tissues, further support this mode of cell death. Activation of the ubiquitin dependent proteolytic system was also observed. Protection from apoptosis exerted by administration of the peroxide scavenger trolox, suggests that the apoptotic pathway is activated by an oxidative stress. The data presented here show that the experimental hypertensive insult induces degenerative and apoptotic events comparable to those observed in human glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Calandrella
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
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Johnson AB, Barton MC. Hypoxia-induced and stress-specific changes in chromatin structure and function. Mutat Res 2007; 618:149-62. [PMID: 17292925 PMCID: PMC1924842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular adaptation to stress relies on specific, regulated responses to evoke changes in gene expression. Stresses such as hypoxia, heat shock, oxidative stress and DNA-damage activate signaling cascades that ultimately lead to either induction or repression of stress-responsive genes. In this review, we concentrate on the mechanisms by which stress-induced signaling promotes alterations in chromatin structure, whether the read-out is activation or repression of transcription. Specific alterations in chromatin are highly regulated and dictated by the type of imposed stress. Our primary focus is on the types of chromatin alterations that occur under hypoxic conditions, which exist within a majority of tumors, and to compare these to changes in chromatin structure that occur in response to a wide variety of cellular stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Craig Barton
- *Address correspondence to: Michelle Craig Barton, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Box 1000, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-834-6268, Fax: 713-834-6271,
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Mechírová E, Feriková M, Domoráková I. Extract EGb 761 Pretreatment Limits Ubiquitin Positive Aggregates in Rabbit Spinal Cord Neurons after Ischemia-Reperfusion. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2006; 26:1443-52. [PMID: 16670948 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-006-9035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Ubiquitin immunohistochemistry was used for investigation of time dependent changes of ubiquitin in the nerve cells reacting to ischemic/reperfusion damage. In the rabbit spinal cord ischemia model a period of 30 min ischemia followed by 24 and 72 h of reperfusion caused neuronal degeneration selectively in the ventral horn motor neurons as well as interneurons of the intermediate zone. 2. Ubiquitin aggregates were accumulated in the neurons of lamina IX and the neurons of intermediate zone destined to die 72 h after 30 min of the spinal cord ischemia. 3. The activation of ubiquitin hydrolytic system is related to a defective homeostasis and could trigger different degenerative processes. Having in mind this, we used EGb 761 to rescue the motor neurons and interneurons against ischemia/reperfusion damage. Our results show that after 30 min of ischemia and 24 or 72 h of reperfusion with EGb 761 pre-treatment for 7 days the vulnerable neurons in the intermediate zone and lamina IX exhibit marked elevation of ubiquitin-positive granules in the cytoplasm, dendrites and nuclei. Abnormal protein aggregates have not been observed in these cells. 4. The rabbits were completely paraplegic after 30 min of ischemia and 24 or 72 h of reperfusion. However, after 7 days EGb 761 pre-treatment, 30 min of ischemia and 24 or 72 h of reperfusion the animals did not show paraplegia. 5. Evaluated ubiquitin-positive neurons of the L(5)-L(6) segments showed significant decrease in number and significant increase of density after 30 min of ischemia followed by 24 h and mainly 72 h of reperfusion. Ubiquitin immunohistochemistry confirmed the protective effect of EGb 761 against ischemia/reperfusion damage in the rabbit spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mechírová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safárik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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Quan L, Ishikawa T, Michiue T, Li DR, Zhao D, Oritani S, Zhu BL, Maeda H. Ubiquitin-immunoreactive structures in the midbrain of methamphetamine abusers. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2005; 7:144-50. [PMID: 15847821 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub) is involved in neurodegeneration and various stress responses in the brain. The present study investigated the Ub-immunoreactive structures in the midbrain of methamphetamine (MA) abusers as a marker of drug-induced neurodegeneration. Medico-legal autopsy cases were examined: fatal MA intoxication (n=14), other fatalities of MA abusers (n=23) including those due to injuries, asphyxiation, drowning, fire and natural diseases, and control groups (n=260). In the motor nervous systems, MA abusers showed a mild increase in the diffuse-type nuclear Ub-positivity in the pigmented neurons of the substantia nigra, depending on the blood MA level and irrespectively of the immediate causes of death. The intranuclear inclusion-type Ub-positivity of the nigral neurons and the granular 'dot-like' Ub-immunoreactivity area in the crus cerebri (cortico-spinal tracts) were usually low in MA abusers, and any increases were related to the immediate causes of death and the age of subjects. Acute MA fatality showed a higher neuronal Ub-positivity in the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (PGM), which is involved in processing pain, fear and anxiety, and regulation of respiration and circulation. These findings suggest dysfunction of the nigral dopaminergic neurons and PGM neurons in the midbrain in MA abuse, which may account for the clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Quan
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, 545-8585 Osaka, Japan.
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Pillich RT, Scarsella G, Risuleo G. Reduction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway by the administration of acetyl-l-carnitine to mouse fibroblasts in culture. Exp Cell Res 2005; 306:1-8. [PMID: 15878327 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is shown in literature that stress, such as deprivation of trophic factors and hypoxia, induces apoptosis in cultured cells and in tissues. In light of these results, we explored the possibility of protecting cells from programmed death by improving the metabolism of the mitochondrion. To this end, acetyl-L-carnitine was administered at various concentrations under conditions of serum deprivation. The choice of this drug was based on the accepted notion that acetyl-L-carnitine is able to stabilize mitochondrial membranes and to increase the supply of energy to the organelle. The results presented here indicate that the drug protects cells from apoptotic death: this is demonstrated by a lower positivity to the TUNEL reaction and by a strong reduction of the apoptotic DNA ladder in serum-deprived cells. The involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was assessed by cytochrome C release and immunoreactivity to caspase 3. Moreover, acetyl-L-carnitine stimulates cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Tito Pillich
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Italy; Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro, 5-00185 Roma, Italy
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