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Adachi S, Komiya T, Nomura K, Shima M. Factors for inhibition of early discharge from the psychiatric emergency ward for elderly patients. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:48. [PMID: 30305016 PMCID: PMC6180627 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As society is aging, the number of elderly patients with psychiatric disorder, such as dementia, is increasing. The hospitalization period of elderly patients in psychiatric wards tends to be prolonged. In this study, we have determined the factors that inhibit early discharge from the psychiatric emergency ward for elderly patients in Japan. METHODS The information was collected from patients admitted to our hospital's emergency ward for elderly patients with psychiatric disorders between May 2015 and April 2016. We compared various factors between the early discharge group and the non-early discharge group. In addition, we used a multiple logistic regression model to clarify the risk factors for non-early discharge. RESULTS Of the 208 elderly patients, body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level were significantly lower in the non-early discharge group. In addition, we also showed that higher serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (> 0.5 mg/dL) and use of seclusion or physical restraint significantly inhibited the early discharge of patients. The results of multiple logistic analysis showed that the BMI ≤ 17.5 kg/m2 (OR, 2.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-5.46]), serum albumin level ≤ 30 g/L (OR, 3.78 [95% CI 1.28-11.16]), and use of seclusion or physical restraint (OR 3.78 [95% CI 1.53-9.37]) are particularly important explanatory factors. CONCLUSIONS Hypoalbuminemia, low BMI, and the use of seclusion or physical restraint were identified as the factors that inhibit early discharge from the psychiatric emergency ward for elderly patients. These factors reflect malnutrition and extremely serious psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Adachi
- Department of Psychiatry, Arimakougen Hospital, Kobe, Japan. .,Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Komiya
- Department of Psychiatry, Arimakougen Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenji Nomura
- Department of Psychiatry, Arimakougen Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
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Carpar E, McCarthy G, Adamis D, Donmezler G, Cesur E, Fistikci N. Socio-demographic characteristics and factors associated with hospitalization in psychiatry of old age patients: an international comparison between Ireland and Turkey. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:651-660. [PMID: 28808907 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking predictors of hospitalization characteristics into consideration internationally would broaden our understanding of this population on a local basis. AIMS We aimed to examine and compare socio-demographic profiles along with hospitalization characteristics including length of hospital stay (LOS), reasons for admission and diagnoses among older adult inpatients hospitalized in Ireland and Turkey, and to assess factors predicting these features. METHODS The admission charts of 356 psychiatric inpatients over 65 years of age who were admitted to two different acute psychiatric hospitals (Sligo/Ireland and Istanbul/Turkey) were analysed by means of descriptive modalities and logistic regression. RESULTS There were significant differences in several domains of socio-demographics, reasons of admission and diagnoses. LOS was significantly longer in Ireland. Living alone was the only significant predictor for longer LOS in both countries, whereas in addition to living alone, younger age was also a contributor for longer LOS in Turkey. DISCUSSION Given that the only factor predicting LOS both in Turkey and Ireland was living alone, helping to identify more acceptable ways of providing social support for living arrangements constitutes an important service to shorten LOS in old age psychiatric population. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to infer that independent from the cultural diversities, living arrangement is a consistent entity to influence length of hospital stay in older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Carpar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Zuhuratbaba, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Geraldine McCarthy
- Departmant of Psychiatry, Sligo Leitrim South Donegal Mental Health Service, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios Adamis
- Departmant of Psychiatry, Sligo Leitrim South Donegal Mental Health Service, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Gizem Donmezler
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Zuhuratbaba, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ender Cesur
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Zuhuratbaba, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Fistikci
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Zuhuratbaba, 34147, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify clinical and psychosocial factors involved in transitioning hospitalized patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) from the inpatient to the outpatient setting and to propose an algorithm to guide clinicians with this process. METHODS A retrospective chart review was completed for adult patients discharged from a psychiatric hospital from 2002 to 2012 who had an acute course of ECT that was initiated in the hospital and completed as an outpatient. We reviewed demographic and clinical information and outcomes, including ECT treatments. RESULTS Among the 277 patients who were identified, the mean age was 52.2 years, 60% were women, and 66% were married. The mean length of hospital stay was 12.9 days, and the mean number of ECT treatments was 4.9 as an inpatient and 3.1 as an outpatient. The most frequent primary diagnosis was depression. Most patients (81%) had a responsible adult at home. Patients had good cognitive functioning at both baseline and discharge, and showed improved functional status at discharge (P<0.001 for change in scores on the Global Assessment of Functioning from admission to discharge). CONCLUSIONS Factors such as improved cognitive and functional status from admission to discharge, a medically uncomplicated course, and a responsible adult at home were observed among patients transitioned from inpatient to outpatient ECT. On the basis of these study results, a review of the literature, and clinical experience, an algorithm to assist clinical decisions for ECT transitioning was developed.
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Tucker S, Hargreaves C, Wilberforce M, Brand C, Challis D. What becomes of people admitted to acute old age psychiatry wards? An exploration of factors affecting length of stay, delayed discharge and discharge destination. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:1027-1036. [PMID: 27515770 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study sought to identify the variables associated with increased length of stay on old age psychiatry inpatient wards. It also explored the factors related to delayed discharge and the likelihood of patients admitted from home returning there. METHODS Data were collected on the sociodemographic, clinical and service receipt characteristics of a 6-month series of admissions to seven wards in England in 2010/2011. The cohort was followed for a 9- to 11-month period. The relationship between patients' status on admission and the specified outcome variables was explored. RESULTS Information was collected on 216 admissions, of whom 165 were discharged in the study period. Mean length of stay was 64 days. Female gender, higher dependency, greater challenging behaviour and locality predicted extended stay. Forty per cent of cases experienced delayed discharge. Better physical health, more cognitive impairment, receipt of social care and locality were associated with delayed discharge. The vast majority of patients admitted from home returned there. Younger patients and patients with less dependency, cognitive impairment and challenging behaviour had a higher likelihood of returning home. Patients receiving social care or admitted because of carer stress, a risk of self-neglect, accidental self-harm or abuse/exploitation were less likely to return home. CONCLUSIONS The study provides a useful starting point for identifying cases on which future efforts to improve inpatient outcomes might centre and suggests local rather than national responses may be needed. It also highlights an urgent need for a national focus on the scope, purpose and effectiveness of acute inpatient care. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Tucker
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Hargreaves
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Wilberforce
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christian Brand
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - David Challis
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Ismail Z, Arenovich T, Granger R, Grieve C, Willett P, Patten S, Mulsant BH. Associations of medical comorbidity, psychosis, pain, and capacity with psychiatric hospital length of stay in geriatric inpatients with and without dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2014; 27:1-9. [PMID: 25330847 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610214002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Geriatric psychiatry hospital beds are a limited resource. Our aim was to determine predictors of hospital length of stay (LOS) for geriatric patients with dementia admitted to inpatient psychiatric beds. Methods: Admission and discharge data from a large urban mental health center, from 2005 to 2010 inclusive, were retrospectively analyzed. Using the resident assessment instrument - mental health (RAI-MH), an assessment that is used to collect demographic and clinical information within 72 hours of hospital admission, 169 geriatric patients with dementia were compared with 308 geriatric patients without dementia. Predictors of hospital LOS were determined using a series of general linear models. Results: A diagnosis of dementia did not predict a longer LOS in this geriatric psychiatry inpatient population. The presence of multiple medical co-morbidities had an inverse relationship to length of hospital LOS - a greater number of co-morbidities predicted a shorter hospital LOS in the group of geriatric patients who had dementia compared to the without dementia study group. The presence of incapacity and positive psychotic symptoms predicted longer hospital LOS, irrespective of admission group (patients with dementia compared with those without). Conversely, pain on admission predicted shorter hospital LOS. Conclusions: Specific clinical characteristics generally determined at the time of admission are predictive of hospital LOS in geriatric psychiatry inpatients. Addressing these factors early on during admission and in the community may result in shorter hospital LOS and more optimal use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahinoor Ismail
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - Tamara Arenovich
- Clinical Research Department,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health,Division of Biostatistics,Dalla Lana School of Public Health,University of Toronto,Toronto,Ontario,Canada
| | - Robert Granger
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Alberta,Edmonton,Alberta,Canada
| | | | - Peggie Willett
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health,Toronto,Ontario,Canada
| | - Scott Patten
- Departments of Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Toronto,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health,Toronto,Ontario,Canada
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Blank K, Hixon L, Gruman C, Robison J, Hickey G, Schwartz HI. Determinants of geropsychiatric inpatient length of stay. Psychiatr Q 2005; 76:195-212. [PMID: 15884745 DOI: 10.1007/s11089-005-2339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite efforts to decrease lengths of acute psychiatric hospital stays, some geriatric inpatients continue to have extended stays. This research examined factors related to length of stay (LOS), including legal and administrative factors not traditionally included in prior studies. The charts of 384 patients, representing all 464 discharges from an inpatient geropsychiatric unit over a one-year period, were evaluated retrospectively and analyzed using logistic regression and logarithmic transformation. The LOS of over 12% of the inpatients was 26 days or more (average LOS 14.1). Factors significantly associated with longer LOS were: receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), higher Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) positive symptoms scores, falling, pharmacology complications, multiple prior psychiatric hospitalizations, requiring court proceedings to continue hospitalization or medicate against will, consultation delays and not performing ECT on weekends. Neither demographics nor diagnoses alone had influence on length of stay. Incorporation of LOS predictors into Medicare Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) would more accurately account for the complexity in the cost of caring for geropsychiatry patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Blank
- Braceland Center for Mental Health and Aging, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT 06106, USA.
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Jiménez RE, Lam RM, Marot M, Delgado A. Observed-predicted length of stay for an acute psychiatric department, as an indicator of inpatient care inefficiencies. Retrospective case-series study. BMC Health Serv Res 2004; 4:4. [PMID: 15102334 PMCID: PMC387834 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2003] [Accepted: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Length of stay (LOS) is an important indicator of efficiency for inpatient care but it does not achieve an adequate performance if it is not adjusted for the case mix of the patients hospitalized during the period considered. After two similar studies for Internal Medicine and Surgery respectively, the aims of the present study were to search for Length of Stay (LOS) predictors in an acute psychiatric department and to assess the performance of the difference: observed-predicted length of stay, as an indicator of inpatient care inefficiencies. Methods Retrospective case-series of patients discharged during 1999 from the Psychiatric Department from General Hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras" in Havana, Cuba. The 374 eligible medical records were randomly split into two groups of 187 each. We derived the function for estimating the predicted LOS within the first group. Possible predictors were: age; sex; place of residence; diagnosis, use of electroconvulsive therapy; co morbidities; symptoms at admission, medications, marital status, and response to treatment. LOS was the dependent variable. A thorough exam of the patients' records was the basis to assess the capacity of the function for detecting inefficiency problems, within the second group. Results The function explained 37% of LOS variation. The strongest influence on LOS came from: age (p = 0.002), response to treatment (p < 0.0001), the dummy for personality disorders (p = 0.01), ECT therapy (p = 0.003), factor for sexual and/or eating symptoms (p = 0.003) and factor for psychotic symptoms (p = 0.025). Mean observed LOS is 2 days higher than predicted for the group of records with inefficient care, whereas for the group with acceptable efficiency, observed mean LOS was 4 days lower than predicted. The area under the ROC curve for detecting inefficiencies was 69% Conclusions This study demonstrates the importance of possible predictors of LOS, in an acute care Psychiatric department. The proposed indicator can be readily used to detect inefficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Jiménez
- "Hermanos Ameijeiras" General Hospital. Research and Projects Department. San Lázaro 701, Centro Habana 10300, Ciudad Habana. CUBA
| | - Rosa M Lam
- Hematology and Immunology Institute. Calzada de Aldabó y Calle E, La Habana, Boyeros, 10800, Ciudad Habana. CUBA
| | - Milagros Marot
- "Hermanos Ameijeiras" General Hospital. Psychiatric Department. San Lázaro 701, Centro Habana 10300, Ciudad Habana. CUBA
| | - Ariel Delgado
- Ariel Delgado. Statistics Department, Province Health Division, Matanzas, CUBA
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