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Schmetterer L, Tezel G, Schuman J. Neville Osborne - Editor-in-Chief of Progress in Retinal and Eye Research for 40 years. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101194. [PMID: 37473797 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE), Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gülgün Tezel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Joel Schuman
- Wills Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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Vladimirov VI, Shchannikova MP, Baldin AV, Kazakov AS, Shevelyova MP, Nazipova AA, Baksheeva VE, Nemashkalova EL, Frolova AS, Tikhomirova NK, Philippov PP, Zamyatnin AA, Permyakov SE, Zinchenko DV, Zernii EY. Redox Regulation of Signaling Complex between Caveolin-1 and Neuronal Calcium Sensor Recoverin. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1698. [PMID: 36421712 PMCID: PMC9687869 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is a cholesterol-binding scaffold protein, which is localized in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) rafts and interacts with components of signal transduction systems, including visual cascade. Among these components are neuronal calcium sensors (NCSs), some of which are redox-sensitive proteins that respond to calcium signals by modulating the activity of multiple intracellular targets. Here, we report that the formation of the caveolin-1 complex with recoverin, a photoreceptor NCS serving as the membrane-binding regulator of rhodopsin kinase (GRK1), is a redox-dependent process. Biochemical and biophysical in vitro experiments revealed a two-fold decreased affinity of recoverin to caveolin-1 mutant Y14E mimicking its oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation of the scaffold protein. At the same time, wild-type caveolin-1 demonstrated a 5-10-fold increased affinity to disulfide dimer of recoverin (dRec) or its thiol oxidation mimicking the C39D mutant. The formation of dRec in vitro was not affected by caveolin-1 but was significantly potentiated by zinc, the well-known mediator of redox homeostasis. In the MDCK cell model, oxidative stress indeed triggered Y14 phosphorylation of caveolin-1 and disulfide dimerization of recoverin. Notably, oxidative conditions promoted the accumulation of phosphorylated caveolin-1 in the plasma membrane and the recruitment of recoverin to the same sites. Co-localization of these proteins was preserved upon depletion of intracellular calcium, i.e., under conditions reducing membrane affinity of recoverin but favoring its interaction with caveolin-1. Taken together, these data suggest redox regulation of the signaling complex between recoverin and caveolin-1. During oxidative stress, the high-affinity interaction of thiol-oxidized recoverin with caveolin-1/DRMs may disturb the light-induced translocation of the former within photoreceptors and affect rhodopsin desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy I. Vladimirov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Margarita P. Shchannikova
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Baldin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Kazakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Marina P. Shevelyova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Aliya A. Nazipova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Viktoriia E. Baksheeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ekaterina L. Nemashkalova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Anastasia S. Frolova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia K. Tikhomirova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Pavel P. Philippov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Scientific Center for Translation Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Sergei E. Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Zinchenko
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Evgeni Yu. Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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Brown CN, Green BD, Thompson RB, den Hollander AI, Lengyel I. Metabolomics and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Metabolites 2018; 9:metabo9010004. [PMID: 30591665 PMCID: PMC6358913 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to irreversible visual loss, therefore, early intervention is desirable, but due to its multifactorial nature, diagnosis of early disease might be challenging. Identification of early markers for disease development and progression is key for disease diagnosis. Suitable biomarkers can potentially provide opportunities for clinical intervention at a stage of the disease when irreversible changes are yet to take place. One of the most metabolically active tissues in the human body is the retina, making the use of hypothesis-free techniques, like metabolomics, to measure molecular changes in AMD appealing. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that metabolic dysfunction has an important role in the development and progression of AMD. Therefore, metabolomics appears to be an appropriate platform to investigate disease-associated biomarkers. In this review, we explored what is known about metabolic changes in the retina, in conjunction with the emerging literature in AMD metabolomics research. Methods for metabolic biomarker identification in the eye have also been discussed, including the use of tears, vitreous, and aqueous humor, as well as imaging methods, like fluorescence lifetime imaging, that could be translated into a clinical diagnostic tool with molecular level resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor N Brown
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine (WWIEM), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Brian D Green
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 6AG, UK.
| | - Richard B Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 EX, The Netherlands.
| | - Imre Lengyel
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine (WWIEM), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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The Zinc-Metallothionein Redox System Reduces Oxidative Stress in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121874. [PMID: 30513827 PMCID: PMC6315569 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress affects all the structures of the human eye, particularly the retina and its retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The RPE limits oxidative damage by several protective mechanisms, including the non-enzymatic antioxidant system zinc-metallothionein (Zn-MT). This work aimed to investigate the role of Zn-MT in the protection of RPE from the oxidative damage of reactive oxygen intermediates by analytical and biochemical-based techniques. The Zn-MT system was induced in an in vitro model of RPE cells and determined by elemental mass spectrometry with enriched isotopes and mathematical calculations. Induced-oxidative stress was quantified using fluorescent probes. We observed that 25, 50 or 100 μM of zinc induced Zn-MT synthesis (1.6-, 3.6- and 11.9-fold, respectively), while pre-treated cells with zinc (25, 50, and 100 μM) and subsequent 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) treatment increased Zn-MT levels in a lesser extent (0.8-, 2.1-, 6.1-fold, respectively), exerting a stoichiometric transition in the Zn-MT complex. Moreover, AAPH treatment decreased MT levels (0.4-fold), while the stoichiometry remained constant or slightly higher when compared to non-treated cells. Convincingly, induction of Zn-MT significantly attenuated oxidative stress produced by free radicals’ generators. We conclude that the stoichiometry of Zn-MT plays an important role in oxidative stress response, related with cellular metal homeostasis.
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Rinninella E, Mele MC, Merendino N, Cintoni M, Anselmi G, Caporossi A, Gasbarrini A, Minnella AM. The Role of Diet, Micronutrients and the Gut Microbiota in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Perspectives from the Gut⁻Retina Axis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111677. [PMID: 30400586 PMCID: PMC6267253 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial disease and the primary cause of legal and irreversible blindness among individuals aged ≥65 years in developed countries. Globally, it affects 30–50 million individuals, with an estimated increase of approximately 200 million by 2020 and approximately 300 million by 2040. Currently, the neovascular form may be able to be treated with the use of anti-VEGF drugs, while no effective treatments are available for the dry form. Many studies, such as the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS 2, have shown a potential role of micronutrient supplementation in lowering the risk of progression of the early stages of AMD. Recently, low-grade inflammation, sustained by dysbiosis and a leaky gut, has been shown to contribute to the development of AMD. Given the ascertained influence of the gut microbiota in systemic low-grade inflammation and its potential modulation by macro- and micro-nutrients, a potential role of diet in AMD has been proposed. This review discusses the role of the gut microbiota in the development of AMD. Using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, we searched for recent scientific evidence discussing the impact of dietary habits (high-fat and high-glucose or -fructose diets), micronutrients (vitamins C, E, and D, zinc, beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin) and omega-3 fatty acids on the modulation of the gut microbiota and their relationship with AMD risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Laboratorio di Nutrizione Cellulare e Molecolare, Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche (DEB), Università della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gaia Anselmi
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Aldo Caporossi
- UOC di Oculistica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Maria Minnella
- UOC di Oculistica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Zinc Protects Oxidative Stress-Induced RPE Death by Reducing Mitochondrial Damage and Preventing Lysosome Rupture. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6926485. [PMID: 29348791 PMCID: PMC5733978 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6926485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is known to increase the risk of the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), although the underlying mechanism remains poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the effect of zinc on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) survival and function under oxidative conditions. Zinc level was 5.4 μM in normal culture conditions (DMEM/F12 with 10% FCS) and 1.5 μM in serum-free medium (DMEM/F12). Under serum-free culture conditions, the treatment of RPE cells with oxidized photoreceptor outer segment (oxPOS) significantly increased intracellular ROS production, reduced ATP production, and promoted RPE death compared to oxPOS-treated RPE under normal culture condition. Serum deprivation also reduced RPE phagocytosis of oxPOS and exacerbated oxidative insult-induced cathepsin B release from lysosome, an indicator of lysosome rupture. The addition of zinc in the serum-free culture system dose dependently reduced ROS production, recovered ATP production, and reduced oxidative stress- (oxPOS- or 4-HNE) induced cell death. Zinc supplementation also reduced oxidative stress-mediated cathepsin B release in RPE cells. Our results suggest that zinc deficiency sensitizes RPE cells to oxidative damage, and zinc supplementation protects RPE cells from oxidative stress-induced death by improving mitochondrial function and preventing lysosome rupture.
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Establishment of human retinal mitoscriptome gene expression signature for diabetic retinopathy using cadaver eyes. Mitochondrion 2017; 36:150-181. [PMID: 28729194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness due to retinal microvasculature. We used microarray analysis for the first time to establish the retinal mitoscriptome gene expression signature for DR using human cadaver eyes. Among the 1042 genes, 60 (52-down, 8-up) and 39 (36-down, 3-up) genes were differentially expressed in the DR as compared to normal control and diabetic retinas respectively. These genes were mainly responsible for regulating angiogenesis, anti-oxidant defense mechanism, ATP production and apoptosis contributing to the disease pathology of DR. These findings might be useful for the discovery of biomarker and developing therapeutic regimen.
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Castro PL, Dominguez D, José Caballero M, Izquierdo M. Histochemical localization of zinc in the retina cells of gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) fed different presentations of zinc. Synapse 2016; 71. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Luis Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Crta. Taliarte s/n; Telde 35214 Spain
| | - David Dominguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Crta. Taliarte s/n; Telde 35214 Spain
| | - María José Caballero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Crta. Taliarte s/n; Telde 35214 Spain
| | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Crta. Taliarte s/n; Telde 35214 Spain
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Kaur G, Pandey O, Singh K, Homa D, Scott B, Pickrell G. A review of bioactive glasses: Their structure, properties, fabrication and apatite formation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:254-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurbinder Kaur
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
| | - O.P. Pandey
- School of Physics and Materials Science; Thapar University; Patiala-147004, Punjab India
| | - K. Singh
- School of Physics and Materials Science; Thapar University; Patiala-147004, Punjab India
| | - Dan Homa
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
| | - Brian Scott
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
| | - Gary Pickrell
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; Holden Hall, Virginia Tech; Blacksburg-24060 Virginia USA
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Organisciak D, Wong P, Rapp C, Darrow R, Ziesel A, Rangarajan R, Lang J. Light-induced retinal degeneration is prevented by zinc, a component in the age-related eye disease study formulation. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:1396-407. [PMID: 22385127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mineral supplements are often included in multivitamin preparations because of their beneficial effects on metabolism. In this study, we used an animal model of light-induced retinal degeneration to test for photoreceptor cell protection by the essential trace element zinc. Rats were treated with various doses of zinc oxide and then exposed to intense visible light for as long as 8 h. Zinc treatment effectively prevented retinal light damage as determined by rhodopsin and retinal DNA recovery, histology and electrophoretic analysis of DNA damage and oxidized retinal proteins. Zinc oxide was particularly effective when given before light exposure and at doses two- to four-fold higher than recommended by the age-related eye disease study group. Treated rats exhibited higher serum and retinal pigment epithelial zinc levels and an altered retinal gene expression profile. Using an Ingenuity database, 512 genes with known functional annotations were found to be responsive to zinc supplementation, with 45% of these falling into a network related to cellular growth, proliferation, cell cycle and death. Although these data suggest an integrated and extensive regulatory response, zinc induced changes in gene expression also appear to enhance antioxidative capacity in retina and reduce oxidative damage arising from intense light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Organisciak
- Petticrew Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
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Zhou F, Qu L, Lv K, Chen H, Liu J, Liu X, Li Y, Sun X. Luteolin protects against reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death induced by zinc toxicity via the PI3K-Akt-NF-κB-ERK-dependent pathway. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1859-68. [PMID: 21800350 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Zinc ion elevation contributes to acute excitotoxic brain injury and correlates with the severity of dementia in chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Downstream control of zinc-triggered signals is believed to be an efficient countermeasure. In the current study, we examined whether the flavonoid luteolin (Lu) could protect human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against zinc toxicity. We found that Lu suppressed overproduction of reactive oxygen species and protected against apoptotic cell death induced by zinc. By using specific inhibitors, we found that zinc strongly triggered Akt and ERK1/2 activation via a PI3K-Akt-NF-κB-ERK1/2-dependent pathway. Furthermore, Lu completely blocked this activation. Our study strongly supports the hypothesis that Lu might protect SH-SY5Y cells against ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death induced by zinc in part by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt-NF-κB-ERKs pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futao Zhou
- West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
By its action on rhodopsin, light triggers the well-known visual transduction cascade, but can also induce cell damage and death through phototoxic mechanisms - a comprehensive understanding of which is still elusive despite more than 40 years of research. Herein, we integrate recent experimental findings to address several hypotheses of retinal light damage, premised in part on the close anatomical and metabolic relationships between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium. We begin by reviewing the salient features of light damage, recently joined by evidence for retinal remodeling which has implications for the prognosis of recovery of function in retinal degenerations. We then consider select factors that influence the progression of the damage process and the extent of visual cell loss. Traditional, genetically modified, and emerging animal models are discussed, with particular emphasis on cone visual cells. Exogenous and endogenous retinal protective factors are explored, with implications for light damage mechanisms and some suggested avenues for future research. Synergies are known to exist between our long term light environment and photoreceptor cell death in retinal disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of light damage in a variety of animal models can provide valuable insights into the effects of light in clinical disorders and may form the basis of future therapies to prevent or delay visual cell loss.
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Aina V, Perardi A, Bergandi L, Malavasi G, Menabue L, Morterra C, Ghigo D. Cytotoxicity of zinc-containing bioactive glasses in contact with human osteoblasts. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 167:207-18. [PMID: 17399695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses such as Hench's 45S5 have applications to tissue engineering and bone repair: the insertion of zinc has been proposed to improve their bone-bonding ability and to slacken their dissolution in extracellular body fluids. In view of a potential clinical application, we have investigated whether zinc-containing 45S5 (HZ) glasses might be cytotoxic for human MG-63 osteoblasts. In our experimental conditions, after 24h of incubation HZ glasses released significant amounts of Zn(2+) and induced in MG-63 cells release of lactate dehydrogenase (index of cytotoxicity) and the following indexes of oxidative stress: (i) accumulation of intracellular malonyldialdehyde, (ii) increased activity of pentose phosphate pathway, (iii) increased expression of heme oxygenase-1, (iv) increased activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, (v) decreased level of intracellular thiols. These effects were inversely related to the zinc content of glass powders, were mimicked by ZnCl(2) solutions and were prevented by either metal chelators (EDTA, NTA) or the antioxidant ascorbate, suggesting that Zn(2+) released fastly from HZ glasses can cause MG-63 cell damage via an oxidative stress. This work highlights the importance of designing Zn-containing bioactive glasses without cytotoxic effects and gives supplementary information about the prooxidant role of zinc in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Aina
- Department of Chemistry IFM and Centre of Excellence NIS, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Chen L, Wu W, Dentchev T, Wong R, Dunaief JL. Increased metallothionein in light damaged mouse retinas. Exp Eye Res 2004; 79:287-93. [PMID: 15325575 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2004.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2003] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in human age-related macular degeneration and in the light damage model of retinal degeneration. Metallothionein (MT), an antioxidant, has been reported to protect retinal pigment epithelial cells against apoptosis and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in MT expression level and retinal localization following light damage. To accomplish this, Balb/c mice were exposed to cool white fluorescent light (10,000 lx) for 7 hr. In three independent experiments, at several intervals after the light injury, retinal MTs were studied at the protein level by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western analysis, and at the mRNA level by quantitative PCR with isoform-specific primers. Western analysis and IHC indicated an increase in metallothionein protein following light damage. MT localized to the retinal pigment epithelium and several layers of neural retina. Quantitative PCR identified the expression of MT I-III isoforms, not the MT IV isoform in the mouse retina, and, following light damage, showed increased expression of retinal MT-I and MT-II mRNAs by 8- and 22-fold, respectively. Increased expression of the antioxidant MT in the light damaged mouse retina suggests that upregulation of MT is an important acute retinal response to photo-oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Osborne NN, Casson RJ, Wood JPM, Chidlow G, Graham M, Melena J. Retinal ischemia: mechanisms of damage and potential therapeutic strategies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2004; 23:91-147. [PMID: 14766318 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2003.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness. At the cellular level, ischemic retinal injury consists of a self-reinforcing destructive cascade involving neuronal depolarisation, calcium influx and oxidative stress initiated by energy failure and increased glutamatergic stimulation. There is a cell-specific sensitivity to ischemic injury which may reflect variability in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors on a given cell. A number of animal models and analytical techniques have been used to study retinal ischemia, and an increasing number of treatments have been shown to interrupt the "ischemic cascade" and attenuate the detrimental effects of retinal ischemia. Thus far, however, success in the laboratory has not been translated to the clinic. Difficulties with the route of administration, dosage, and adverse effects may render certain experimental treatments clinically unusable. Furthermore, neuroprotection-based treatment strategies for stroke have so far been disappointing. However, compared to the brain, the retina exhibits a remarkable natural resistance to ischemic injury, which may reflect its peculiar metabolism and unique environment. Given the increasing understanding of the events involved in ischemic neuronal injury it is hoped that clinically effective treatments for retinal ischemia will soon be available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville N Osborne
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6AW, UK.
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