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Mazumder A, Mozammal M, Talukder MA. Three-dimensional imaging of biological cells using surface plasmon coupled emission. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:106002. [PMID: 36203237 PMCID: PMC9535299 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.10.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Biological cell imaging has become one of the most crucial research interests because of its applications in biomedical and microbiology studies. However, three-dimensional (3D) imaging of biological cells is critically challenging and often involves prohibitively expensive and complex equipment. Therefore, a low-cost imaging technique with a simpler optical arrangement is immensely needed. AIM The proposed approach will provide an accurate cell image at a low cost without needing any microscope or extensive processing of the collected data, often used in conventional imaging techniques. APPROACH We propose that patterns of surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) features from a fluorescently labeled biological cell can be used to image the cell. An imaging methodology has been developed and theoretically demonstrated to create 3D images of cells from the detected SPCE patterns. The 3D images created from the different SPCE properties at the far-field closely match the actual cell structures. RESULTS The developed technique has been applied to different regular and irregular cell shapes. In each case, the calculated root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the created images from the cell structures remains within a few percentages. Our work recreates the base of a circular-shaped cell with an RMSE of ≲1.4 % . In addition, the images of irregular-shaped cell bases have an RMSE of ≲2.8 % . Finally, we obtained a 3D image with an RMSE of ≲6.5 % for a random cellular structure. CONCLUSIONS Despite being in its initial stage of development, the proposed technique shows promising results considering its simplicity and the nominal cost it would require.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Mazumder
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- United International University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mozammal
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Anisuzzaman Talukder
- Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Wang M, Li M, Jiang S, Gao J, Xi P. Plasmonics meets super-resolution microscopy in biology. Micron 2020; 137:102916. [PMID: 32688264 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy can reveal the subtle biological processes hidden behind the optical diffraction barrier. Plasmonics is a key nanophotonic that combines electronics and photonics through the interaction of light with the metallic nanostructure. In this review, we survey the recent progresses on plasmonic-assisted super-resolution microscopy. The strong electromagnetic field enhancement trapped near metallic nanostructures offers a unique opportunity to manipulate the illumination scheme for overcoming the diffraction limit. Plasmonic nanoprobes, exploited as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence nanoparticles, are a major category of contrast agent in super-resolution microscopy. The outstanding challenges, future developments, and potential biological applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, BNRist, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China.
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3
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Yoshida M, Chida H, Kimura F, Yamamura S, Tawa K. Multi-Color Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging of a Breast Cancer Cell with A Hole-Arrayed Plasmonic Chip. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E604. [PMID: 32580380 PMCID: PMC7345455 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells of MDA-MB-231 express various types of membrane proteins in the cell membrane. In this study, two types of membrane proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells were observed using a plasmonic chip with an epifluorescence microscope. The targeted membrane proteins were epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAMs) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Alexa®488-EGFR antibody and allophycocyanin (APC)-labeled EpCAM antibody were applied to the fluorescent detection. The plasmonic chip used in this study is composed of a two-dimensional hole-array structure, which is expected to enhance the fluorescence at different resonance wavelengths due to two kinds of grating pitches in a square side and a diagonal direction. As a result of multi-color imaging, the enhancement factor of Alexa®488-EGFR and APC-EpCAM was 13 ± 2 and 12 ± 2 times greater on the plasmonic chip, respectively. The excited wavelength or emission wavelength of each fluorescent agent is due to consistency with plasmon resonance wavelength in the hole-arrayed chip. The multi-color fluorescence images of breast cancer cells were improved by the hole-arrayed plasmonic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yoshida
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyōgo 669-1337, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Hinako Chida
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyōgo 669-1337, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Fukiko Kimura
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; (F.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shohei Yamamura
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; (F.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Keiko Tawa
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyōgo 669-1337, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.C.)
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4
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Jiang SL, Chen L, Yu XX, Zheng HJ, Lin K, Zhang Q, Wang XP, Luo Y. Surface Plasmon Assisted Directional Rayleigh Scattering. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/30/cjcp1611204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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5
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Mulpur P, Podila R, Ramamurthy SS, Kamisetti V, Rao AM. C60 as an active smart spacer material on silver thin film substrates for enhanced surface plasmon coupled emission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:10022-7. [PMID: 25785916 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp06090c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present the use of C60 as an active spacer material on a silver (Ag) based surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) platform. In addition to its primary role of protecting the Ag thin film from oxidation, the incorporation of C60 facilitated the achievement of a 30-fold enhancement in the emission intensity of rhodamine B (RhB) fluorophore. The high signal yield was attributed to the unique π-π interactions between C60 thin films and RhB, which enabled efficient transfer of energy of RhB emission to Ag plasmon modes. Furthermore, minor variations in the C60 film thickness yielded large changes in the enhancement and angularity properties of the SPCE signal, which can be exploited for sensing applications. Finally, the low-cost fabrication process of the Ag-C60 thin film stacks render C60 based SPCE substrates ideal, for the economic and simplistic detection of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyumna Mulpur
- Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthinilayam 515134, India
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6
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Huo SX, Liu Q, Cao SH, Cai WP, Meng LY, Xie KX, Zhai YY, Zong C, Yang ZL, Ren B, Li YQ. Surface Plasmon-Coupled Directional Enhanced Raman Scattering by Means of the Reverse Kretschmann Configuration. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2015-2019. [PMID: 26266494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a unique analytical technique that provides fingerprint spectra, yet facing the obstacle of low collection efficiency. In this study, we demonstrated a simple approach to measure surface plasmon-coupled directional enhanced Raman scattering by means of the reverse Kretschmann configuration (RK-SPCR). Highly directional and p-polarized Raman scattering of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) was observed on a nanoparticle-on-film substrate at 46° through the prism coupler with a sharp angle distribution (full width at half-maximum of ∼3.3°). Because of the improved collection efficiency, the Raman scattering signal was enhanced 30-fold over the conventional SERS mode; this was consistent with finite-difference time-domain simulations. The effect of nanoparticles on the coupling efficiency of propagated surface plasmons was investigated. Possessing straightforward implementation and directional enhancement of Raman scattering, RK-SPCR is anticipated to simplify SERS instruments and to be broadly applicable to biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng Zong
- ∥State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | | | - Bin Ren
- ∥State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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7
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Liu Q, Cao SH, Cai WP, Liu XQ, Weng YH, Xie KX, Huo SX, Li YQ. Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission in Micrometer-Scale Cells: A Leap from Interface to Bulk Targets. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:2921-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512031r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuo-Hui Cao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei-Peng Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu-Hua Weng
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kai-Xin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Si-Xin Huo
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yao-Qun Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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8
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Xie KX, Cao SH, Liu Q, Cai WP, Huo SX, Watarai H, Li YQ. Modulation of surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) by a pulsed magnetic field. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12320-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The SPCE was modulated by a magnetic field through the interaction between plasmon and magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Shuo-Hui Cao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Peng Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Si-Xin Huo
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Hitoshi Watarai
- Institute for NanoScience Design
- Osaka University
- Osaka 560-8531
- Japan
| | - Yao-Qun Li
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
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9
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Cai WP, Liu Q, Cao SH, Weng YH, Liu XQ, Li YQ. Prism-Based Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission Imaging. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:3848-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Cao SH, Cai WP, Liu Q, Li YQ. Surface plasmon-coupled emission: what can directional fluorescence bring to the analytical sciences? ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2012; 5:317-36. [PMID: 22524220 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) arose from the integration of fluorescence and plasmonics, two rapidly expanding research fields. SPCE is revealing novel phenomena and has potential applications in bioanalysis, medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and genomics. In SPCE, excited fluorophores couple with surface plasmons on a continuous thin metal film; plasmophores radiate into a higher-refractive index medium with a narrow angular distribution. Because of the directional emission, the sensitivity of this technique can be greatly improved with high collection efficiency. This review describes the unique features of SPCE. In particular, we focus on recent advances in SPCE-based analytical platforms and their applications in DNA sensing and the detection of other biomolecules and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Hui Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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11
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Hohenau A, Krenn JR, Drezet A, Mollet O, Huant S, Genet C, Stein B, Ebbesen TW. Surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy at the diffraction limit. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:25749-62. [PMID: 22273967 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.025749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the image formation process in optical leakage radiation microscopy of surface plasmon-polaritons with diffraction limited spatial resolution. The comparison of experimentally recorded images with simulations of point-like surface plasmon-polariton emitters allows for an assignment of the observed fringe patterns. A simple formula for the prediction of the fringe periodicity is presented and practically relevant effects of abberations in the imaging system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hohenau
- Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitatsplatz 5,8010 Graz, Austria.
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12
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Rangełowa-Jankowska S, Jankowski D, Grobelna B, Gryczyński I, Gryczyński Z, Bogdanowicz R, Bojarski P. Surface-Plasmon-Coupled Emission of Rhodamine 110 in a Silica Nanolayer. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2449-52. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Optical detection systems using immobilized aptamers. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3725-36. [PMID: 21419619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the development and the applications of optical biosensing systems based on immobilized aptamers are presented. These nucleic acid sequences have been used as new molecular recognition elements to develop heterogeneous assays, biosensors and microarrays. Among different detection modes that have been employed, optical ones which are described here are among the most used. Since their first report in 1996, numerous optical detection systems using aptamers and mainly based on fluorescence have been developed. Two main approaches have been used: label-based (using fluorophore, luminophore, enzyme, nanoparticles) or aptamer label-free detection systems (e.g. surface plasmon resonance, optical resonance). Most methods are based on a labeling approach. Some targets can be optically detected using not only colorimetry, chemiluminescence or the most developed fluorescence mode but also more recent non conventional optical methods such as surface plasmon-coupled directional emission (SPCDE). The first SPCDE-based aptasensor for thrombin detection has recently been reported in 2009. Aptasensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) which presents advantages compared to fluorescence have also been described. Different label-free techniques have recently been shown to be suitable for developing performant aptasensors or aptamer-based microarrays, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), diffraction grating, evanescent-field-coupled (EFC) waveguide-mode, optical resonance or Brewster angle straddle interferometry (BASI). Important advances have been realized on optical aptamer-based detection systems that appear as highly efficient devices with enormous potential.
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14
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Zhang DG, Moh KJ, Yuan XC. Surface plasmon-coupled emission from shaped PMMA films doped with fluorescence molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:12185-12190. [PMID: 20588342 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.012185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon-coupled emission from shaped PMMA films doped with randomly oriented fluorescence molecules was investigated. Experimental results show that for different shapes, such as triangle or circular structures, the SPCE ring displays different intensity patterns. For a given shape, it was observed that the relative position and polarization of an incident laser spot on the shaped PMMA can be used to adjust the fluorescence intensity distribution of the SPCE ring. The proposed method enables controlling the fluorescence emission in azimuthal direction in addition to the radial angle controlled by common SPCE, which will further enhances the fluorescence collection efficiency and has applications in fluorescence sensing, imaging and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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15
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Wu X, Chowdhury MH, Geddes CD, Aslan K, Domszy R, Lakowicz JR, Yang AJM. Use of surface plasmon-coupled emission for enhancing light transmission through Top-Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes. THIN SOLID FILMS 2008; 516:1977-1983. [PMID: 33828344 PMCID: PMC8022332 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we perform surface plasmon-coupled emission studies on Rhodamine 6G molecules embedded in a corrugated structure of a thin film composed of fluorinated silica particles, and a binding medium. Our results show enhancements of photoluminescence due to surface corrugation. By varying the size of the fluorinated silica nanoparticles we were able to control the surface correlation length scale of the corrugated surface structure. It was found that the coupling efficiency of the directional light emission is strongly correlated to the surface morphology, particularly the surface correlation length, of the corrugated dielectric structure. This substantial enhancement of signal could potentially be utilized in Organic Light Emitting Diode devices to enhance the light emission and transmission through a thin silver layer which can also serve as the cathode in Top-Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wu
- Industrial Science and Technology Network Inc., 2101 Pennsylvania Avenue, York, PA, 17404, USA
| | - Mustafa H. Chowdhury
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Chris D. Geddes
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kadir Aslan
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Roman Domszy
- Industrial Science and Technology Network Inc., 2101 Pennsylvania Avenue, York, PA, 17404, USA
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Arthur J.-M. Yang
- Industrial Science and Technology Network Inc., 2101 Pennsylvania Avenue, York, PA, 17404, USA
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16
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Chowdhury MH, Malyn SN, Aslan K, Lakowicz JR, Geddes CD. First Observation of Surface Plasmon-Coupled Chemiluminescence (SPCC). Chem Phys Lett 2007; 435:114-118. [PMID: 18268785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this letter, we report the first observation of surface plasmon-coupled chemiluminescence (SPCC), where the luminescence from chemically induced electronic excited states couples to surface plasmons in a thin continuous silver film. The SPCC is highly directional and predominantly p-polarized, strongly suggesting that the emission is from surface plasmons instead of the luminophores directly themselves. This indicates that surface plasmons can be directly excited from chemically induced excited states. With a wealth of assays that employ chemiluminescence based detection currently in use, then our findings suggest new chemiluminescence sensing strategies based on localized, directional and polarized chemiluminescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa H Chowdhury
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard St, Baltimore, MD, 21201
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17
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Chowdhury MH, Malyn SN, Aslan K, Lakowicz JR, Geddes CD. Multicolor directional surface plasmon-coupled chemiluminescence. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:22644-51. [PMID: 17092012 PMCID: PMC2737402 DOI: 10.1021/jp064609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In reports over the past several years, we have demonstrated the efficient collection of optically excited fluorophore emission by its coupling to surface plasmons on thin metallic films, where the coupled luminescence was highly directional and polarized. This phenomenon is referred to as surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE). In this current study, we have extended this technique to include chemiluminescing species and subsequentially now report the observation of surface plasmon-coupled chemiluminescence (SPCC), where the luminescence from chemically induced electronic excited states couples to surface plasmons in thin continuous metal films. The SPCC is highly directional and predominantly p-polarized, strongly suggesting that the emission is from surface plasmons instead of the luminophores themselves. This indicates that surface plasmons can be directly excited from chemically induced electronic excited states and excludes the possibility that the plasmons are created by incident excitation light. This phenomenon has been observed for a variety of chemiluminescent species in the visible spectrum, ranging from blue to red, and also on a variety of metals, namely, aluminum, silver, and gold. Our findings suggest new chemiluminescence sensing strategies on the basis of localized, directional, and polarized chemiluminescence detection, especially given the wealth of assays that currently employ chemiluminescence-based detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chris D. Geddes
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: (410) 706–4600.
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18
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Chowdhury MH, Aslan K, Malyn SN, Lakowicz JR, Geddes CD. Metal-enhanced chemiluminescence. J Fluoresc 2006; 16:295-9. [PMID: 16791496 PMCID: PMC6986327 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-006-0082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this short paper we report the interactions of silver island films with chemiluminescing species. Our findings show that silver island films can increase the detectability of chemiluminescent reactions/species, with an approximately 5-fold increase in signal intensity. This finding not only suggests the use of silver nanostructures to amplify chemiluminscent signatures in assay platforms, and therefore increase the detectability of analytes or biospecies, but more importantly, suggests that surface plasmons can be directly excited by chemically induced electronically excited molecules. This finding is of significance towards our understanding of fluorophore-metal interactions, a relatively new near-field fluorescence concept, recently named metal-enhanced fluorescence and also radiative decay engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa H Chowdhury
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Aslan K, Holley P, Geddes CD. Microwave-Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MAMEF) with silver colloids in 96-well plates: Application to ultra fast and sensitive immunoassays, High Throughput Screening and drug discovery. J Immunol Methods 2006; 312:137-47. [PMID: 16678196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence detection is the basis of most assays used in drug discovery and High Throughput Screening (HTS) today. In all of these assays, assay rapidity and sensitivity is a primary concern, the sensitivity determined by both the quantum yield of the fluorophores and efficiency of the detection system, while rapidity is determined by the physical and biophysical parameters of temperature, concentration, assay bioaffinity, etc. In this paper we describe a platform technology that promises to fundamentally address these two physical constraints of sensitivity and rapidity. By combining the use of Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF), a near-field effect that can significantly enhance fluorescence signatures, with low power microwave heating, we can significantly increase the sensitivity of surface assays as well as >95% kinetically complete the assay within a few seconds. In addition, the metallic nanostructures used to facilitate MEF appear to be preferentially heated as compared to the surface assay fluid, advantageously localizing the MEF and heating around the nanostructures. To demonstrate proof of principle, a 96-well plate has been functionalized with silver nanostructures, and a model protein avidin-biotin assay studied. In our findings, a greater than 5-fold fluorescence enhancement coupled with a approximately 90-fold increase in assay kinetics was observed, but with no assay washing steps needed due to the silver-enhanced evanescent field mode of excitation. These findings promise to strongly facilitate high throughput fluorescence-based processes, such as in biology, drug discovery and general compound screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Aslan
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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20
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Chowdhury MH, Aslan K, Malyn SN, Lakowicz JR, Geddes CD. Metal-enhanced chemiluminescence: Radiating plasmons generated from chemically induced electronic excited states. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2006; 88:173104. [PMID: 19738916 PMCID: PMC2737413 DOI: 10.1063/1.2195776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this letter, we report the observation of metal-enhanced chemiluminescence. Silver Island films, in close proximity to chemiluminescence species, can significantly enhance luminescence intensities; a 20-fold increase in chemiluminescence intensity was observed as compared to an identical control sample containing no silver. This suggests the use of silver nanostructures in the chemiluminescence-based immunoassays used in the biosciences today, to improve signal and therefore analyte detectability. In addition, this finding suggests that surface plasmons can be directly excited by chemically induced electronically excited luminophores, a significant finding toward our understanding of fluorophore-metal interactions and the generation of surface plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa H. Chowdhury
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Kadir Aslan
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Stuart N. Malyn
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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21
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Lakowicz JR. Plasmonics in Biology and Plasmon-Controlled Fluorescence. PLASMONICS (NORWELL, MASS.) 2006. [PMID: 19890454 DOI: 10.1007/s11468‐005‐9002‐3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence technology is fully entrenched in all aspects of biological research. To a significant extent, future advances in biology and medicine depend on the advances in the capabilities of fluorescence measurements. As examples, the sensitivity of many clinical assays is limited by sample autofluorescence, single-molecule detection is limited by the brightness and photostability of the fluorophores, and the spatial resolution of cellular imaging is limited to about one-half of the wavelength of the incident light. We believe a combination of fluorescence, plasmonics, and nanofabrication can fundamentally change and increase the capabilities of fluorescence technology. Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of free electrons in metallic surfaces and particles. Surface plasmons, without fluorescence, are already in use to a limited extent in biological research. These applications include the use of surface plasmon resonance to measure bioaffinity reactions and the use of metal colloids as light-scattering probes. However, the uses of surface plasmons in biology are not limited to their optical absorption or extinction. We now know that fluorophores in the excited state can create plasmons that radiate into the far field and that fluorophores in the ground state can interact with and be excited by surface plasmons. These reciprocal interactions suggest that the novel optical absorption and scattering properties of metallic nanostructures can be used to control the decay rates, location, and direction of fluorophore emission. We refer to these phenomena as plasmon-controlled fluorescence (PCF). We predict that PCF will result in a new generation of probes and devices. These likely possibilities include ultrabright single-particle probes that do not photobleach, probes for selective multiphoton excitation with decreased light intensities, and distance measurements in biomolecular assemblies in the range from 10 to 200 nm. Additionally, PCF is likely to allow design of structures that enhance emission at specific wavelengths and the creation of new devices that control and transport the energy from excited fluorophores in the form of plasmons, and then convert the plasmons back to light. Finally, it appears possible that the use of PCF will allow construction of wide-field optical microscopy with subwavelength spatial resolution down to 25 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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22
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Abstract
Fluorescence technology is fully entrenched in all aspects of biological research. To a significant extent, future advances in biology and medicine depend on the advances in the capabilities of fluorescence measurements. As examples, the sensitivity of many clinical assays is limited by sample autofluorescence, single-molecule detection is limited by the brightness and photostability of the fluorophores, and the spatial resolution of cellular imaging is limited to about one-half of the wavelength of the incident light. We believe a combination of fluorescence, plasmonics, and nanofabrication can fundamentally change and increase the capabilities of fluorescence technology. Surface plasmons are collective oscillations of free electrons in metallic surfaces and particles. Surface plasmons, without fluorescence, are already in use to a limited extent in biological research. These applications include the use of surface plasmon resonance to measure bioaffinity reactions and the use of metal colloids as light-scattering probes. However, the uses of surface plasmons in biology are not limited to their optical absorption or extinction. We now know that fluorophores in the excited state can create plasmons that radiate into the far field and that fluorophores in the ground state can interact with and be excited by surface plasmons. These reciprocal interactions suggest that the novel optical absorption and scattering properties of metallic nanostructures can be used to control the decay rates, location, and direction of fluorophore emission. We refer to these phenomena as plasmon-controlled fluorescence (PCF). We predict that PCF will result in a new generation of probes and devices. These likely possibilities include ultrabright single-particle probes that do not photobleach, probes for selective multiphoton excitation with decreased light intensities, and distance measurements in biomolecular assemblies in the range from 10 to 200 nm. Additionally, PCF is likely to allow design of structures that enhance emission at specific wavelengths and the creation of new devices that control and transport the energy from excited fluorophores in the form of plasmons, and then convert the plasmons back to light. Finally, it appears possible that the use of PCF will allow construction of wide-field optical microscopy with subwavelength spatial resolution down to 25 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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23
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Lakowicz JR, Chowdhury MH, Ray K, Zhang J, Fu Y, Badugu R, Sabanayagam CR, Nowaczyk K, Szmacinski H, Aslan K, Geddes CD. Plasmon-controlled fluorescence: A new detection technology. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2006; 6099:609909. [PMID: 20953312 PMCID: PMC2953873 DOI: 10.1117/12.673106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence is widely used in biological research. Future advances in biology and medicine often depend on the advances in the capabilities of fluorescence measurements. In this overview paper we describe how a combination of fluorescence, and plasmonics, and nanofabrication can fundamentally change and increase the capabilities of fluorescence technology. This change will be based on the use of surface plasmons which are collective oscillations of free electrons in metallic surfaces and particles. Surface plasmon resonance is now used to measure bioaffinity reactions. However, the uses of surface plasmons in biology are not limited to their optical absorption or extinction. We have shown that fluorophores in the excited state can create plasmons which radiate into the far field; additionally fluorophores in the ground state can interact with and be excited by surface plasmons. These interactions suggest that the novel optical absorption and scattering properties of metallic nanostructures can be used to control the decay rates, location and direction of fluorophore emission. We refer to this technology as plasmon-controlled fluorescence. We predict that plasmon-controlled fluorescence (PCF) will result in a new generation of probes and devices. PCF is likely to allow design of structures which enhance emission at specific wavelengths and the creation of new devices which control and transport the energy from excited fluorophores in the form of plasmons, and then convert the plasmons back to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
- ; phone 1 410 706 8409; fax 1 410 706 8408; http://cfs.umbi.umd.edu
| | - Mustafa H. Chowdhury
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Krishanu Ray
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yi Fu
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ramachandram Badugu
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Chandran R. Sabanayagam
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kazimierz Nowaczyk
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Henryk Szmacinski
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kadir Aslan
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Chris D. Geddes
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Institute of Fluorescence, Laboratory for Advanced Medical Plasmonics, Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
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24
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Calander N. Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission and Fabry−Perot Resonance in the Sample Layer: A Theoretical Approach. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:13957-63. [PMID: 16852751 DOI: 10.1021/jp0510544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical approach is used to investigate the coupling of surface plasmon-coupled emission to Fabry-Perot resonance in the sample layer. Quantities investigated are emission angles, polarization, power levels, and fluorescence lifetimes. The results are compared to experimental findings. For comparison a layered structure without surface plasmons, possessing only dielectric Fabry-Perot resonances, is explored. This structure seems to be amenable to s-polarization only but is in principle loss-less and has more degrees of freedom for design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Calander
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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