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Veronica N, Heng PWS, Liew CV. Relative Humidity Cycling: Implications on the Stability of Moisture-Sensitive Drugs in Solid Pharmaceutical Products. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1072-1085. [PMID: 36480246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stability of a moisture-sensitive drug in tablet formulations depends particularly on the environment's relative humidity (RH) and the products' prior exposure to moisture. This study was designed to understand drug stability in relation to the moisture interaction of the excipients, moisture history of the tablets, and RH of the environment. The stability study was performed on tablets containing acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), formulated with common pharmaceutical excipients like native maize starch, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), partially pregelatinized maize starch (PGS), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCP), lactose, and mannitol. The tablets were subjected to storage conditions with RH cycling alternating between 53% and 75%. Results were also compared to tablets stored at a constant RH of 53% or 75%. The excipients demonstrated marked differences in their interactions with moisture. They could be broadly grouped as excipients with RH-dependent moisture content (native maize starch, MCC, and PGS) and RH-independent moisture content (DCP, lactose, and mannitol). As each excipient interacted differently with moisture, degradation of ASA in the tablets depended on the excipients' ability to modulate the moisture availability for degradation. The lowest ASA degradation was observed in tablets formulated with low moisture content water-soluble excipients, such as lactose and mannitol. The impact of RH cycling on ASA stability was apparent in tablets containing native maize starch, MCC, PGS, or DCP. These findings suggested that the choice of excipients influences the effect of moisture history on drug stability. The results from studies investigating moisture interaction of excipients and drug stability are valuable to understanding the inter-relationship between excipients, moisture history, and drug stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Veronica
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore117543, Singapore
| | - Paul Wan Sia Heng
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore117543, Singapore
| | - Celine Valeria Liew
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Formulation-dependent stability mechanisms affecting dissolution performance of directly compressed griseofulvin tablets. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122473. [PMID: 36493970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During drug product development, stability studies are used to ensure that the safety and efficacy of a product are not affected during storage. Any change in the dissolution performance of a product must be investigated, as this may indicate a change in the bioavailability. In this study, three different griseofulvin formulations were prepared containing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with either mannitol, lactose monohydrate, or dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA). The tensile strength, porosity, contact angle, disintegration time, and dissolution rate were measured after storage under five different accelerated temperature and humidity conditions for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. The dissolution rate was found to decrease after storage for all three batches, with the change in dissolution rate strongly correlating with the storage humidity. The changes in physical properties of each formulation were found to relate to either the premature swelling (MCC/DCPA, MCC/lactose) or dissolution (MCC/mannitol) of particles during storage. These results are also discussed with consideration of the performance- and stability-controlling mechanisms of placebo tablets of the same formulations (Maclean et al., 2021; Maclean et al., 2022).
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Maclean N, Khadra I, Mann J, Williams H, Abbott A, Mead H, Markl D. Investigating the role of excipients on the physical stability of directly compressed tablets. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100106. [PMID: 34977560 PMCID: PMC8688555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stability studies are an integral part of the drug development process for any drug product. In addition to monitoring chemical degradation, the physical stability of a drug product must also be evaluated to ensure that the drug release and performance is not affected by storage. In this study, directly compressed tablets of 16 different formulations were exposed to an accelerated stability program to quantify changes in tablet breaking force, porosity, contact angle and disintegration time. Tablets were exposed to five different storage conditions from 37∘ C/30% relative humidity (RH) to 70∘ C/75%RH with testing after 2 and 4 weeks of storage. Each formulation contained two different fillers (47% w/w each), a disintegrant (5% w/w) and magnesium stearate (1% w/w). The results show that tablets stored at high humidity show increases in porosity and decreases in tensile strength, particularly if they contain a highly hygroscopic filler such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). For tablets stored at high temperature, the most commonly affected property was the tablet wettability, measured by sessile drop contact angle measurements. These results are considered in combination with the performance-controlling disintegration mechanism (Maclean et al., 2021) to identify the critical properties which influence the performance after storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Maclean
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - James Mann
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Helen Williams
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Alexander Abbott
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Heather Mead
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Daniel Markl
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Future Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC) Research Hub, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Plater MJ, Harrison WTA. Crystalline Forms of Trazodone Dihydrates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175361. [PMID: 34500794 PMCID: PMC8433896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, treatment of anhydrous trazodone powder with ammonium carbamate in warm water crystallised two new polymorphs or dihydrates of trazodone after 5 h, whose structures were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Each dihydrate contains infinite zigzag hydrogen-bonded chains of water molecules, which are stabilised by the N4 acceptor atom of the piperazine ring and the pendant carbonyl O1 atom of the triazole ring, as well as other water molecules. The strong dipole moment expected for the O1 atom makes it a good hydrogen bond acceptor for stabilising the chains of water molecules. Each molecule of trazodone has a similar conformation in both hydrates, except for the propyl chains, which adopt different conformations: anti-gauche in the β hydrate (triazole N-C-C-C and C-C-C-piperazine N) and anti-anti in the γ hydrate. Both piperazine rings adopt chair conformations, and the exocyclic N-C bonds are in equatorial orientations. The Hirshfeld surfaces and two-dimensional fingerprint plots for the polymorphs were calculated using CrystalExplorer17, which indicated contacts significantly shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii in the vicinity of the piperazine N4 and triazole O1 atoms corresponding to the strong hydrogen bonds accepted by these atoms.
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Yang M, Xu B, Wang X, Li W, Cao J, Li W, Qiao Y. Effect of Spray Drying Conditions on Physical Properties of Panax notoginseng Saponin (PNS) Powder and the Intra-Batch Dissolution Variability of PNS Hydrophilic Matrix Tablet. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1425-1440. [PMID: 33833502 PMCID: PMC8019609 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s295825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Understanding raw material variability and its impact on product quality are crucial for developing robust pharmaceutical processes. This work aimed to study the effects of spray drying conditions on properties of the spray dried Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) powders as well as the subsequent intra-batch dissolution variability of PNS hydrophilic matrix tablets. Methods The Plackett-Burman design was applied to screen the critical process parameters (CPPs). Then, the Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the relationship between the CPPs and the physiochemical properties of spray dried PNS powders. The PNS hydrophilic matrix tablets containing 57% spray dried PNS powders were directly compressed. The partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to uncover the hidden multivariate relationships among the CPPs, intermediate powder properties, and tablet quality attributes. Results The identified CPPs were the feed concentration, the inlet air temperature, and the atomization pressure. It was found that the CPPs exerted little impact on chemical properties of spray dried PNS powders, but had significant impact on physical properties, such as particle size, specific surface area, bulk density, hygroscopicity, and inter-particle porosity, etc. Latent variable modeling results revealed that the high inlet air temperature of spray drying process could produce PNS powders with low moisture content and high hygroscopicity, which were beneficial to reduce the intra-batch dissolution variability of PNS hydrophilic matrix tablets. Finally, a design space of the spray drying process was built in order to ensure the dissolution consistency. Conclusion Our research provided a reference for improving the spray drying conditions in order to ensure the dissolution consistency of the PNS hydrophilic matrix tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maorui Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Informatics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Informatics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Informatics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Informatics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Cao
- Department of Chinese Medicine Informatics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Informatics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Department of Chinese Medicine Informatics, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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El-Refai K, Teaima MH, El-Nabarawi MA. Dual-purpose vardenafil hydrochloride/dapoxetine hydrochloride orodispersible tablets: in vitro formulation/evaluation, stability study and in vivo comparative pharmacokinetic study in healthy human subjects. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:988-1000. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1427761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El-Refai
- Central Administration of Pharmaceutical Affairs (CAPA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H. Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sacchetti M, Teerakapibal R, Kim K, Elder EJ. Role of Water Sorption in Tablet Crushing Strength, Disintegration, and Dissolution. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2214-2226. [PMID: 28070847 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs formulated as tablets are subjected to accelerated stability conditions with the goal of identifying a stable formulation that will exhibit a sufficiently long shelf life. Water sorption at a condition such as 40°C/75% RH can result in significant changes in tablet properties such as a decrease in dissolution rate, the cause of which may be difficult to interpret, given the complex nature of ingredients and their interactions in a tablet. In this research, three drugs, displaying a wide range of physicochemical properties, were formulated with commonly used diluents, disintegrants, and binders, using a design of experiments approach. The tablets were stored at accelerated conditions and assessed for content, dissolution, disintegration, and crushing strength, as well as other properties. The research demonstrated many water-induced effects in tablet properties. Due to the experimental design approach that revealed many interactions, it was possible to interpret all of the changes observed in tablet crushing strength, disintegration, and dissolution for the drugs using a common set of physical principles. Specifically, the relevant factors considered were (1) mechanical properties of materials, (2) water sorption surface effects in surface diffusion and capillary condensation, (3) water sorption bulk effects for amorphous materials such as viscous flow/spreading, and (4) water-induced stress on interparticle bonding arising from volume expansion. These physical principles enable a comprehensive interpretation of the complex changes observed in tablet properties, which should be valuable in the design of tablet formulations that will be stable to accelerated storage conditions.
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Fu M, Perlman M, Lu Q, Varga C. Pharmaceutical solid-state kinetic stability investigation by using moisture-modified Arrhenius equation and JMP statistical software. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 107:370-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sacchetti M. Thermodynamics of Water–Solid Interactions in Crystalline and Amorphous Pharmaceutical Materials. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2772-2783. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Huang J, Goolcharran C, Ghosh K. A Quality by Design approach to investigate tablet dissolution shift upon accelerated stability by multivariate methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 78:141-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Marabi A, Mayor G, Raemy A, Bauwens I, Claude J, Burbidge AS, Wallach R, Saguy IS. Solution calorimetry: A novel perspective into the dissolution process of food powders. Food Res Int 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mikac U, Demsar A, Demsar F, Sersa I. A study of tablet dissolution by magnetic resonance electric current density imaging. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2007; 185:103-9. [PMID: 17188009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The electric current density imaging technique (CDI) was used to monitor the dissolution of ion releasing tablets (made of various carboxylic acids and of sodium chloride) by following conductivity changes in an agar-agar gel surrounding the tablet. Conductivity changes in the sample were used to calculate spatial and temporal changes of ionic concentrations in the sample. The experimental data for ion migration were compared to a mathematical model based on a solution of the diffusion equation with moving boundary conditions for the tablet geometry. Diffusion constants for different acids were determined by fitting the model to the experimental data. The experiments with dissolving tablets were used to demonstrate the potential of the CDI technique for measurement of ion concentration in the vicinity of ion releasing samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursa Mikac
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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