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Manfredini F, Lamberti N, Ficarra V, Tsolaki E, Straudi S, Zamboni P, Basaglia N, Gasbarro V. Biomarkers of Muscle Metabolism in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Dynamic NIRS-Assisted Study to Detect Adaptations Following Revascularization and Exercise Training. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050312. [PMID: 32429406 PMCID: PMC7277989 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed whether muscle metabolism biomarkers (MMb) identified by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are valid for determining adaptations following revascularization or exercise training in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Eighteen patients (males n = 13; 69 ± 7 years) were randomized to receive revascularization (Rev = 6) or pain-free home-based exercise (Ex = 12). MMb were safely collected via a NIRS-assisted treadmill test as area-under-curve for the spectra of oxygenated (-oxy), deoxygenated (-deoxy), differential (-diff) and total (-tot) hemoglobin traces. MMb, ankle–brachial index (ABI), pain-free (PFWD) and 6-min (6MWD) walking distances were assessed at baseline and after four months. MMb were correlated at baseline with ABI (MMb-oxy r = 0.46) and 6MWD (MMb-tot r = 0.51). After treatments, MMb-oxy showed an expected increase, which was more relevant for Rev group than the Ex (56% vs. 20%), with trends towards normalization for the other MMb. These changes were significantly correlated with variations in ABI (MMb-oxy r = 0.71; p = 0.002) and 6MWD (MMb-tot r = 0.58; p = 0.003). The MMb-diff in Rev group and MMb-deoxy in Ex group at baseline predicted clinical outcomes being correlated with PFWD improvements after 4-month (r = −0.94; p = 0.005 and r = −0.57; p = 0.05, respectively). A noninvasive NIRS-based test, feasible in a clinical setting, identified muscle metabolism biomarkers in PAD. The novel MMb were associated with validated outcome measures, selectively modified after different interventions and able to predict long-term functional improvements after surgery or exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Manfredini
- Section of Sports Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Specialties Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy–Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurosciences/Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (S.S.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-236187
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Section of Sports Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Specialties Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy–Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Valentina Ficarra
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (V.F.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Elpiniki Tsolaki
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (V.F.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurosciences/Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (S.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Paolo Zamboni
- Vascular Diseases Center, University of Ferrara, Italy–Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Nino Basaglia
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurosciences/Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (S.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Gasbarro
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (V.F.); (E.T.); (V.G.)
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