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A pro-inflammatory phenotype is associated with behavioural traits in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:899-908. [PMID: 32495042 PMCID: PMC8140962 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that immune-inflammatory alterations are widely observed in various mental disorders. Genetic syndromes with high risk of psychiatric disorders may constitute a model for studies investigating this phenomenon. One of such genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorders is the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Therefore, we aimed to profile a broad panel of immune-inflammatory markers in patients with PWS, taking into account co-morbid psychopathology. Participants were 20 children with PWS, and 20 healthy children matched for age, sex and body mass index. Behavioural symptoms and co-occurring psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). We found significantly elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-13 in patients with PWS. There were significant positive correlations between the levels of IL-1β and scores of the following externalizing and internalizing CBCL domains: withdrawn/depressed, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent and aggressive behaviour in PWS children. Moreover, higher levels of IL-13 were associated with more severe psychopathology in terms of social and attention problems as well as delinquent and aggressive behaviour. Our findings imply that subclinical inflammation, observed as elevated IL-1β and IL-13 levels, appears only in PWS patients and is correlated to several psychopathological symptoms.
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Allred EN, Dammann O, Fichorova RN, Hooper SR, Hunter SJ, Joseph RM, Kuban K, Leviton A, O'Shea TM, Scott MN. Systemic Inflammation during the First Postnatal Month and the Risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Characteristics among 10 year-old Children Born Extremely Preterm. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:531-543. [PMID: 28405874 PMCID: PMC6508968 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple sources link inflammation with attention difficulties, the only human study that evaluated the relationship between systemic inflammation and attention problems assessed attention at age 2 years. Parent and/or teacher completion of the Childhood Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) provided information about characteristics that screen for attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) among 793 10-year-old children born before the 28th week of gestation who had an IQ ≥ 70. The concentrations of 27 proteins in blood spots obtained during the first postnatal month were measured. 151 children with ADHD behaviors were identified by parent report, while 128 children were identified by teacher report. Top-quartile concentrations of IL-6R, TNF-α, IL-8, VEGF, VEFG-R1, and VEGF-R2 on multiple days were associated with increased risk of ADHD symptoms as assessed by a teacher. Some of this increased risk was modulated by top-quartile concentrations of IL-6R, RANTES, EPO, NT-4, BDNF, bFGF, IGF-1, PIGF, Ang-1, and Ang-2. Systemic inflammation during the first postnatal month among children born extremely preterm appears to increase the risk of teacher-identified ADHD characteristics, and high concentrations of proteins with neurotrophic properties appear capable of modulating this increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Allred
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-5724, USA
| | - Olaf Dammann
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen R Hooper
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott J Hunter
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Karl Kuban
- Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Leviton
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-5724, USA.
| | | | - Megan N Scott
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
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Leviton A, Hunter SJ, Scott MN, Hooper SR, Joseph RM, O'Shea TM, Allred EN, Kuban K. Observer variability identifying attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 10-year-old children born extremely preterm. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:1317-1322. [PMID: 28390106 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM A DSM-5 diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) requires that symptoms be present in two settings. We wanted to see how teachers and parents compare on their assessments. METHODS We evaluated how well Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) reports from 871 parents and 634 teachers of 10-year-old children born before the 28th week of gestation provided information about indicators of school dysfunction. RESULTS Kappa values for parent and teacher agreement of any ADHD were at best fair to poor (<0.41). Nevertheless, ADHD identified by each alone provided a moderate amount of information about such indicators of school dysfunction as grade repetition. Only occasionally did agreement provide more information than provided by only one reporter. Mother's social class and intelligence level did not discriminate between parents who did and did not agree with the teacher. CONCLUSION ADHD identified by a single observer can provide appreciable information about a range of the child's functions needed for success in school and, therefore, should not be discounted when another observer does not consider the child to have ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Leviton
- Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Scott J. Hunter
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital; Chicago IL USA
| | - Megan N. Scott
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital; Chicago IL USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karl Kuban
- Boston Medical Center; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston MA USA
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Chen VCH, Hsu TC, Chen LJ, Chou HC, Weng JC, Tzang BS. Effects of taurine on resting-state fMRI activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181122. [PMID: 28700674 PMCID: PMC5507323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a global behavior illness among children and adults. To investigate the effects of taurine on resting-state fMRI activity in ADHD, a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) animal model was adopted. Significantly decreased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was detected in rats of Wistar Kyoto (WKY) high-taurine group and significantly decreased interleukin (IL)-1β and CRP were detected in rats of SHR low-taurine and high-taurine groups. Moreover, significantly higher horizontal locomotion was detected in rats of WKY low-taurine and SHR low-taurine groups than in those of controls. In contrast, significantly lower horizontal locomotion was detected in rats of the SHR high-taurine group than in those of the SHR control group. Additionally, significantly lower functional connectivity (FC) and mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mALFF) in the bilateral hippocampus in rats of WKY high-taurine and SHR high-taurine groups was detected. Notably, the mALFF in rats of the SHR low-taurine and high-taurine groups was significantly lower than in those of the SHR control group. These findings suggest that the administration of a high-dose taurine probably improves hyperactive behavior in SHR rats by ameliorating the inflammatory cytokines and modulating brain functional signals in SHR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jeng Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chun Chou
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JCW); (BST)
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JCW); (BST)
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Vogel SWN, Bijlenga D, Verduijn J, Bron TI, Beekman ATF, Kooij JJS, Penninx BWJH. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and stress-related biomarkers. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 79:31-39. [PMID: 28249186 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined whether (a) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms were associated with dysregulation of stress-related mechanisms, and (b) whether ADHD symptoms interact with affective disorders in their association with dysregulated stress-related mechanisms. METHODS Data were obtained from 2307 subjects participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Stress-related mechanisms were reflected by the following biomarkers: (1) hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis indicators (salivary cortisol awakening curve, evening cortisol, cortisol suppression after a 0.5mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST)); (2) autonomic nervous system measures (heart rate, pre-ejection period, respiratory sinus arrhythmia); (3) inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha); (4) brain-derived neurotrophic factor. ADHD symptoms were measured using Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale and used both dichotomous (High ADHD symptoms (yes/no)) and continuous (Inattentive symptoms, Hyperactive/Impulsive symptoms, and the ADHD index). RESULTS Regression analyses showed associations between High ADHD symptoms, Inattentive symptoms, the ADHD index and a higher cortisol awakening curve, between Hyperactive/Impulsive symptoms and less cortisol suppression after DST, and between Inattentive symptoms and a longer pre-ejection period. However, the associations with the cortisol awakening curve disappeared after adjustment for depressive and anxiety disorders. No associations were observed between ADHD symptoms and inflammatory markers or BDNF. ADHD symptoms did not interact with affective disorders in dysregulation of stress-related mechanisms. CONCLUSION Some associations were observed between ADHD symptoms, the HPA-axis, and the pre-ejection period, but these were mostly driven by depressive and anxiety disorders. This study found no evidence that ADHD symptomatology was associated with dysregulations in inflammatory markers and BDNF. Consequently, ADHD symptoms did not confer an added risk to the disturbances of stress-related mechanisms in an - already at-risk - population with affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W N Vogel
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - D Bijlenga
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - J Verduijn
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T I Bron
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - A T F Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J S Kooij
- PsyQ Expertise Center Adult ADHD, The Hague, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Birkle SM, Legenbauer T, Grasmann D, Holtmann M. Disruptive Affektregulations- störung: eine umstrittene neue Diagnose im DSM-5. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2017; 45:98-103. [DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die Disruptive Affektregulationsstörung wurde in die 5. Auflage des DSM erstmals als Störungsbild aufgenommen. Den Anlass, eine eigenständige diagnostische Kategorie im Kapitel „Depressive Störungen“ für einen Verhaltensphänotyp aus chronischer, nichtepisodischer Reizbarkeit und häufigen plötzlichen Wutanfällen zu entwickeln, gab die transatlantische Kontroverse um das klinische Bild und die Prävalenz früh beginnender bipolarer Störungen. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt erste vorliegende Arbeiten dar, die auf die neuen Kriterien zurückgreifen. Während die Abgrenzbarkeit der Disruptiven Affektregulationsstörung in Symptomatik und Verlauf von bipolaren Störungen gut gelingt, finden sich Hinweise auf starke Überlappungen mit oppositionell-gereizten Symptombildern. Für die anstehende Revision der ICD sollte daher diskutiert werden, keine neue Diagnose, sondern eher eine Zusatzcodierung einzuführen, die kennzeichnet, ob eine oppositionelle Störung auch reizbar-wütendes Verhalten umfasst. Unabhängig von der nosologischen Einordnung besteht die Herausforderung, den Verhaltensphänotyp hinsichtlich Ätiologie, Entwicklungspsychopathologie und Prognose besser zu verstehen und hilfreiche Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zu entwickeln.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Maria Birkle
- LWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik
| | - Tanja Legenbauer
- LWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik
| | - Dörte Grasmann
- Verhaltenstherapie-Ambulanz für Kinder und Jugendliche, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Martin Holtmann
- LWL-Universitätsklinik Hamm der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik
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Legenbauer T, Hübner J, Pinnow M, Ball A, Pniewski B, Holtmann M. Proper Emotion Recognition, Dysfunctional Emotion Regulation. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2016; 46:7-16. [PMID: 27685191 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A considerable number of adolescents exhibit severe self-regulation deficits in affect and behavior, which are referred to as affective dysregulation (AD). AD may be conceptualized as a dimensional trait that, in its extreme form, resembles the diagnostic categories of severe mood dysregulation (SMD) or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Assuming a shared pathway of psychopathology in AD and SMD, similar underlying dysfunctional mechanisms in emotion processing, particularly emotion recognition (RECOG) and regulation (REGUL), may be postulated. METHOD Adolescent inpatients with AD (CAD, N = 35), without AD (CCG, N = 28), and nonclinical controls (NCG; N = 28) were administered a morphed facial recognition task (RECOG). REGUL abilities, levels of irritability as well as depressive symptoms were also assessed. RESULTS We found no significant group differences in accuracy and thresholds for RECOG abilities. Patients with AD reported more dysfunctional REGUL strategies than did CCG and NCG. Both depression and AD, but not irritability, influenced the overall degree of maladaptive REGUL. CONCLUSION The broad phenotype of AD does not involve the deficits in RECOG reported for adolescents with a narrow phenotype (SMD); regarding REGUL strategies, AD seems to be associated with specific impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Legenbauer
- 1 Ruhr University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamm, Germany.,a These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Jan Hübner
- 1 Ruhr University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamm, Germany.,a These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Marlies Pinnow
- 2 Ruhr University Bochum, Motivation Lab, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna Ball
- 1 Ruhr University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pniewski
- 1 Ruhr University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamm, Germany
| | - Martin Holtmann
- 1 Ruhr University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamm, Germany
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Hagenbeek FA, Kluft C, Hankemeier T, Bartels M, Draisma HHM, Middeldorp CM, Berger R, Noto A, Lussu M, Pool R, Fanos V, Boomsma DI. Discovery of biochemical biomarkers for aggression: A role for metabolomics in psychiatry. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:719-32. [PMID: 26913573 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human aggression encompasses a wide range of behaviors and is related to many psychiatric disorders. We introduce the different classification systems of aggression and related disorders as a basis for discussing biochemical biomarkers and then present an overview of studies in humans (published between 1990 and 2015) that reported statistically significant associations of biochemical biomarkers with aggression, DSM-IV disorders involving aggression, and their subtypes. The markers are of different types, including inflammation markers, neurotransmitters, lipoproteins, and hormones from various classes. Most studies focused on only a limited portfolio of biomarkers, frequently a specific class only. When integrating the data, it is clear that compounds from several biological pathways have been found to be associated with aggressive behavior, indicating complexity and the need for a broad approach. In the second part of the paper, using examples from the aggression literature and psychiatric metabolomics studies, we argue that a better understanding of aggression would benefit from a more holistic approach such as provided by metabolomics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Hagenbeek
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen H M Draisma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, GGZ inGeest/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Berger
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Noto
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Puericultura Institute and Neonatal Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Milena Lussu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,BBMRINL: Infrastructure for the Application of Metabolomics Technology in Epidemiology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Puericultura Institute and Neonatal Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Immune System Related Markers: Changes in childhood Neuropsychiatry Disorders Cause and Consequence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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