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von der Warth R, Rudolph M, Bengel J, Glattacker M. The association of early response with the outcome of psychosomatic rehabilitation in patients with mental disorders and its link to treatment and illness beliefs-A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Psychother Res 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38381978 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2024.2316014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Early response is considered to be an important predictor for therapy outcomes; yet little is known about its relevance in psychosomatic rehabilitation. This paper aims to describe the association of early response in psychosomatic rehabilitation, as well as the associations of early response with pre-rehabilitative factors such as illness and treatment beliefs. A longitudinal study with three measurement points was applied. Early response was defined using the percent improvement method after two weeks of treatment. Its association with therapy outcome and with illness and treatment beliefs was analyzed using multiple regression analyses. A total of 264 participants took part. Early response was a significant predictor of psychosomatic rehabilitation outcome, explaining an incremental variance of 1-30% after controlling for initial symptom burden. Illness and treatment beliefs predicted 6-20% variance in early response. Important illness beliefs referred to perceived symptoms, consequences and comprehensibility of the illness. Important treatment beliefs referred to expectations about rehabilitation structure, processes and concerns. Early response is associated with the therapy outcome of psychosomatic rehabilitation, with illness and treatment beliefs found to be associated with early response. Further research on the predictors of early response in psychosomatic rehabilitation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieka von der Warth
- Section of Health Care Research and Rehabilitation Research, Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Deutsche Rentenversicherung Rheinland-Pfalz (German Statutory Pension Insurance Rhineland Palatinate), Mittelrhein-Klinik (Clinic for Psychosomatic Rehabilitation), Boppard-Bad Salzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bengel
- Section of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Glattacker
- Section of Health Care Research and Rehabilitation Research, Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Objective: We investigated the relationship between psychotherapy outcome and trajectory variables measured during the first five treatment sessions. Method: In a psychotherapy training clinic, 158 patients completed a measure of symptomatic distress at each visit during treatment lasting a median 30 sessions. We investigated outcome predictions based on symptomatic distress at intake, change in distress between the first and fifth sessions, and intersession shifts. Results: Elevated symptomatic distress at intake predicted reliable change, while limited initial distress predicted clinically significant improvement; both predictions were independent of those by other trajectory variables. Large early change and large intersession shifts yielded similar predictions of reliable change and clinically significant improvement. Greater change between the first and fifth sessions predicted less change in subsequent sessions. By contrast, neither initial distress nor early intersession shifts predicted change in distress after the fifth session. Conclusion: Considered together, symptomatic distress at intake and change in distress over the first five sessions improve the prediction of psychotherapy outcome over base rate. Intersession shifts contribute little to the prediction of outcome after accounting for overall change in symptomatic distress during the first five sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Koffmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kleinstäuber M, Lambert MJ, Hiller W. Early response in cognitive-behavior therapy for syndromes of medically unexplained symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:195. [PMID: 28545580 PMCID: PMC5445472 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early dramatic treatment response suggests a subset of patients who respond to treatment before most of it has been offered. These early responders tend to be over represented among those who are well at termination and at follow-up. Early response patterns in psychotherapy have been investigated only for a few of mental disorders so far. The main aim of the current study was to examine early response after five therapy-preparing sessions of a cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for syndromes of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). METHODS In the context of a randomized, waiting-list controlled trial 48 patients who suffered from ≥3 MUS over ≥6 months received 5 therapy-preparing sessions and 20 sessions of CBT for somatoform disorders. They completed self-report scales of somatic symptom severity (SOMS-7 T), depression (BDI-II), anxiety (BSI), illness anxiety and behavior (IAS) at pre-treatment, after 5 therapy-preparing sessions (FU-5P) and at therapy termination (FU-20 T). RESULTS The current analyses are based on data from the treatment arm only. Repeated measure ANOVAs revealed a significant decrease of depression (d = 0.34), anxiety (d = 0.60), illness anxiety (d = 0.38) and illness behavior (d = 0.42), but no change of somatic symptom severity (d = -0.03) between pre-treatment and FU-5P. Hierarchical linear multiple regression analyses showed that symptom improvements between pre-treatment and FU-5P predict a better outcome at therapy termination for depression and illness anxiety, after controlling for pre-treatment scores. Mixed-effect ANOVAs revealed significant group*time interaction effects indicating differences in the course of symptom improvement over the therapy between patients who fulfilled a reliable change (i.e., early response) during the 5 therapy-preparing sessions and patients who did not reach an early reliable change. Demographic or clinical variables at pre-treatment were not significantly correlated with differential scores between pre-treatment and FU-5P (-.23 ≤ r ≤ .23). CONCLUSIONS Due to several limitations (e.g., small sample size, lack of a control group) the results of this study have to be interpreted cautiously. Our findings show that reliable changes in regard to affective-cognitive and behavioral variables can take place very early in CBT of patients with distressing MUS. These early changes seem to be predictive of the outcome at therapy termination. Future studies are needed in order to replicate our results, and to identify mechanisms of these early response patterns in somatoform patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN. ISRCTN17188363 . Registered retrospectively on 29 March 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kleinstäuber
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
- Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Hospital Bldg. 599, 2 Park Rd, Grafton Auckland, Auckland, 1023 New Zealand
| | | | - Wolfgang Hiller
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Koffmann A. Has growth mixture modeling improved our understanding of how early change predicts psychotherapy outcome? Psychother Res 2017; 28:829-841. [PMID: 28277038 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1294771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early change in psychotherapy predicts outcome. Seven studies have used growth mixture modeling [GMM; Muthén, B. (2001). Second-generation structural equation modeling with a combination of categorical and continuous latent variables: New opportunities for latent class-latent growth modeling. In L. M. Collins & A. G. Sawyers (Eds.), New methods for the analysis of change (pp. 291-322). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association] to identify patient classes based on early change but have yielded conflicting results. Here, we review the earlier studies and apply GMM to a new data set. METHOD In a university-based training clinic, 251 patients were administered the Outcome Questionnaire-45 [Lambert, M. J., Hansen, N. B., Umphress, V., Lunnen, K., Okiishi, J., Burlingame, G., … Reisinger, C. W. (1996). Administration and scoring manual for the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ 45.2). Wilmington, DE: American Professional Credentialing Services] at each psychotherapy session. We used GMM to identify class structure based on change in the first six sessions and examined trajectories as predictors of outcome. RESULTS The sample was best described as a single class. There was no evidence of autoregressive trends in the data. We achieved better fit to the data by permitting latent variables some degree of kurtosis, rather than to assume multivariate normality. Treatment outcome was predicted by the amount of early improvement, regardless of initial level of distress. The presence of sudden early gains or losses did not further improve outcome prediction. CONCLUSIONS Early improvement is an easily computed, powerful predictor of psychotherapy outcome. The use of GMM to investigate the relationship between change and outcome is technically complex and computationally intensive. To date, it has not been particularly informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Koffmann
- a Department of Psychology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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Schlagert HS, Hiller W. Merkmale und prädiktiver Wert von früher Verschlechterung in der ambulanten Psychotherapie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Trotz des anhaltenden Forschungsinteresses an frühen Therapieerfolgen (Early Response), wurden frühe Verschlechterungen in bisherigen Untersuchungen eher vernachlässigt. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersucht Merkmale und prädiktive Qualität einer frühen Verschlechterung für das Behandlungsergebnis in einer verhaltenstherapeutischen Hochschulambulanz. Methode: 1983 Patienten wurden anhand des Reliable Change Indexes (RCI) auf das Vorliegen einer frühen Verschlechterung der psychischen Belastung überprüft. Ergebnisse: Es fanden sich nur wenige charakteristische Merkmale einer frühen Verschlechterung (z. B. höhere Anzahl psychischer Störungen). Sich früh verschlechternde Patienten erreichten seltener Response (OR = 7,45) beziehungsweise Remission (OR = 11,43) und zeigten häufiger Verschlechterungen (OR = 40,68) und pathologische Abschlusswerte (OR = 5,02) zu Therapieende. Schlussfolgerung: Verschlechterungen in der frühen Therapiephase sind mit negativen Behandlungsresultaten assoziiert und sollten bei der Behandlungsplanung ambulanter Psychotherapien berücksichtigt werden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Hiller
- Psychologisches Institut, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several randomized controlled trials have identified early response to psychotherapy as a predictor for later treatment outcome among patients with depressive disorders. However, supporting evidence under routine conditions is rare. This study evaluated the predictive value of early improvement for final outcomes in psychotherapy among depressive patients in the naturalistic setting of a German university outpatient clinic. METHOD We used the method of percent symptom reduction to classify 639 patients with major depression or dysthymic disorder who underwent an average of 40.0 sessions (SD = 16.3) of naturalistic cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as having either an early response or an early nonresponse. RESULTS Early response was a good predictor for final response and remission regarding depressive symptoms (OR = 8.75 and OR = 5.32, respectively), as well as overall psychological distress (OR = 3.95 and OR = 3.16, respectively). Early nonresponse was distinctly associated with later deterioration of both depressive (OR = 9.56) and general psychological symptomatology (OR = 4.92). CONCLUSIONS Early response to psychotherapy has high predictive qualities for positive later treatment outcome in depressive patients under routine CBT. Therefore, early treatment effects should be considered in clinical decision-making and treatment planning in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Hiller
- a Department of Psychology , University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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Schlagert H, Hiller W. Häufigkeit und prädiktiver Wert von Early Response in naturalistischen Psychotherapien. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Verschiedene randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien konnten die Bedeutung frühzeitiger Therapieerfolge für das Therapieergebnis nachweisen. Entsprechende Erkenntnisse unter Routinebedingungen sind bislang selten. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersucht Häufigkeit, prädiktiven Wert sowie Patientenmerkmale eines frühen Ansprechens auf die Therapie („Early Response“) in einer verhaltenstherapeutischen Hochschulambulanz. Methode: Wir klassifizierten anhand prozentualer Wertereduktion 1109 Patienten verschiedener Störungsgruppen hinsichtlich ihrer psychischen Belastung als Early Responder beziehungsweise Early Nonresponder. Ergebnisse: 48,2 % der Patienten zeigten frühe Therapieerfolge. Early Response erwies sich als Prädiktor für Response (OR = 6,36) und Remission (OR = 3,90). Early Nonresponse sagte eine Verschlechterung der Symptombelastung zu Therapieende vorher (OR = 12,14). Schlussfolgerungen: Frühzeitige Therapieeffekte sind im Routinesetting offenbar von hoher Bedeutung für das Therapieergebnis und sollten bei der Behandlungsplanung stärker berücksichtigt werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Schlagert
- Poliklinische Institutsambulanz für Psychotherapie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
| | - Wolfgang Hiller
- Poliklinische Institutsambulanz für Psychotherapie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
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[Non-response to therapy in acute and rehabilitative psychosomatic inpatient care - a systematic review]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2014; 60:121-45. [PMID: 24877571 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2014.60.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study reviews the state-of-the art on failure research in acute and rehabilitative psychosomatic inpatient care. The main focus of interest lies in describing the frequency and possible predictors of unsuccessful therapeutic treatments. METHODS We systematically searched the databases MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO und PSYNDEX and selected studies from the past 20 years focusing on treatment failure in the inpatient psychosomatic treatment of adult patients. RESULTS A total of 31 studies were included, 15 of which allowed the extraction of predictors of non-response or deterioration. 20 %to 30%of patients leave psychotherapeutic treatment without any significant change; 5 %to 10%deteriorate during their stay.A high level of symptom distress at intake, a chronic course of the disease as well as somatoform or personality disorders are associated with non-response and deterioration. Early response to treatment and a dysfunctional therapeutic alliance are possible further predictors, whereas sociodemographic and sociomedical variables are unlikely to have a predictive validity. CONCLUSIONS Hypotheses about possible predictors can be derived from the results of this review. However, the interpretation of the results is limited by the heterogeneity of the methodology and of the samples of the studies included. Nevertheless the results can be used as a basis for further hypothesis-driven research.
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Boettcher J, Renneberg B, Berger T. Patient Expectations in Internet-Based Self-Help for Social Anxiety. Cogn Behav Ther 2013; 42:203-14. [DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2012.759615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Göllner R, Gollwitzer M, Heider J, Zaby A, Schröder A. Auswertung von Längsschnittdaten mit hierarchisch-linearen Modellen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2010. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Bislang werden im Bereich der klinischen Psychologie zur Analyse von Längsschnittdaten vor allem Varianzanalysen mit Messwiederholung (RM-ANOVA) verwendet. Mehrebenenmodelle für Längsschnittdaten sind demgegenüber in ihren Voraussetzungsannahmen weniger restriktiv und in ihren Analysemöglichkeiten weitaus flexibler. Fragestellung: Wie können Mehrebenenmodelle für Längsschnittdaten in der Psychotherapieforschung sinnvoll eingesetzt werden? Methode: Aufbauend auf dem Beitrag von Keller (2003) werden Probleme klassischer Verfahren der Datenauswertung am Beispiel der Wirksamkeitsevaluation einer kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Gruppentherapie erläutert und alternativen Modellen gegenübergestellt. Ergebnisse: Es wird gezeigt, wie lineare und nichtlineare Veränderungen beschrieben und getestet sowie eine zusätzliche Analyseebene im Gesamtmodell integriert werden können. Schlussfolgerung: Mehrebenenmodelle für Längsschnittdaten bieten eine adäquate Strategie, um typischen Anwendungsfällen der klinisch-psychologischen Forschung in optimaler Weise Rechnung zu tragen.
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Lutz W, Stulz N, Köck K. Patterns of early change and their relationship to outcome and follow-up among patients with major depressive disorders. J Affect Disord 2009; 118:60-8. [PMID: 19217669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While highlighting the efficacy of different treatments for major depressive disorders (MDD), findings of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program (TDCRP) often are interpreted as supporting the idea of treatment non-specificity for MDD. However, heterogeneity in treatment courses and outcomes might be undetected when focusing only on types of treatment in terms of sample means without taking into account early change in treatment. METHOD In this study, growth mixture models (GMM) were used in the completer sample of N=162 patients from the NIMH TDCRP to identify meaningful patterns of early change of depression severity that are shared by many individual patients. RESULTS Results revealed three typical patterns of early change over the first 8 weeks of treatment irrespective of the type of treatment protocol provided: (a) moderate to severe depression with moderate early improvement, (b) moderate to severe depression with rapid early improvement, and (c) mild to moderate depression with moderate early improvement. In contrast to the type of treatment, these differential patterns of early response (together with overall pre-treatment symptom severity) predicted outcomes (i.e. depression severity) at treatment termination and over the 1.5-year follow-up period. LIMITATIONS Due to the small sample size and the controlled setting of this study the degree to which these results can be generalized to clinical practice has to be further investigated. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide further support for the assumption that early change is an important factor for the prediction of short- and long-term outcome in psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Lutz
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Trier, D-54286 Trier, Germany.
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Lutz W, Stulz N, Martinovich Z, Leon S, Saunders SM. Methodological background of decision rules and feedback tools for outcomes management in psychotherapy. Psychother Res 2009; 19:502-10. [DOI: 10.1080/10503300802688486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Lutz
- a Department of Psychology , University of Trier , Trier, Germany
| | - Niklaus Stulz
- b Department of Psychiatry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zoran Martinovich
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Northwestern University , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott Leon
- d Department of Psychology , Loyola University Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
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Schürch E, Lutz W, Böhnke JR. Identifikation abweichender Antwortmuster im „Fragebogen zur Evaluation von Psychotherapieverläufen” mithilfe der Rasch-Analyse. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443.38.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Unbemerkte abweichende Antwortmuster in Fragebogendaten führen zu Datenverzerrungen und falschen diagnostischen Entscheidungen. Für manche Fragebogen gibt es Prüfalgorithmen, welche den Datensatz systematisch nach vordefinierten Antworten absuchen und diese herausfiltern. Für die Mehrzahl der gängigen Messinstrumente in der Psychologie gibt es jedoch keine einfache Möglichkeit, solche Antwortmuster zu identifizieren. Fragestellung: Basierend auf der Rasch-Analyse wird eine Methode zur Identifikation von abweichenden Mustern vorgestellt. Methode: zunächst wird ein Rasch-homogener Fragenkern erstellt mit dem in einem zweiten Schritt Personen mit abweichenden Antworten aufgrund dieser eindimensionalen Skala empirisch identifiziert werden können. Am Beispiel des Fragebogens zur Evaluation von Psychotherapieverläufen wird das Verfahren anhand einer gemischten Stichprobe (N = 537) demonstriert. Schlussfolgerung: Das Vorgehen generiert in der klinisch-psychologischen Praxis verwertbare Hinweise auf z.T. diagnostisch relevante Abweichungen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schürch
- Institut für Psychologie, Universität Bern, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Trier
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Tschitsaz-Stucki A, Lutz W. Identifikation und Aufklärung von Veränderungssprüngen im individuellen Psychotherapieverlauf. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2009. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443.38.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Identifikation diskontinuierlicher Veränderungen im Psychotherapieverlauf sowie deren Erklärung sind Gegenstand der modernen Psychotherapieforschung, welche die patientenorientierte Forschung sowie die Evaluation von Behandlungsfortschritt vorsieht. Fragestellungen: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Aufklärung möglicher Ursachen für Veränderungssprünge in positive und negative Richtung im Therapieprozess, welche als Sudden Gains und Sudden Losses definiert sind, sowie deren Zusammenhang zum Therapieerfolg. Methode: Mikroprozessanalytisch werden 128 kritische Sudden Gain- und Loss-Sitzungen hinsichtlich Prozessparametern wie therapeutischen Techniken, allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren, u.a. das interpersonale Verhalten der Therapeuten, aber auch außertherapeutische Elemente untersucht. Resultate: Die Analyse der kritischen Therapiesitzungen vor einem Sudden Gain oder Loss ergab, dass sich diese Sitzungstypen qualitativ voneinander unterscheiden und, wie in der bisherigen Forschung bestätigt, kognitive Veränderungen, interpersonale Aspekte der Therapeuten, die therapeutische Beziehung, der emotionale Status der Patienten und außertherapeutische Faktoren Einfluss nehmen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Bedeutung von diskontinuierlichen, insbesondere negativen, Therapieverläufen kann erfolgreich anhand mikroprozessanalytischer Methodik aufgezeigt werden.
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Lutz W, Tschitsaz A. Plötzliche Gewinne und Verluste im Behandlungsverlauf von Angststörungen, depressiven und komorbiden Störungen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2007. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443.36.4.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In der aktuellen Psychotherapieforschung wird die Identifikation und Vorhersage von individuellen sowie kontinuierlichen und diskontinuierlichen Therapieverläufen in Form plötzlicher Gewinne und Verluste immer bedeutsamer. Fragestellungen: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Identifikation von plötzlichen Gewinnen und Verlusten im Therapieverlauf sowie deren Vorhersagbarkeit und deren Zusammenhang zum Therapieerfolg. Zudem wird eine Erweiterung des Konzeptes der Gewinne in negative Richtung vorgenommen, um Verluste im Behandlungsverlauf zu identifizieren. Methode: In einer ambulanten Patientenstichprobe (N = 434) mit depressiven Patienten (n = 55), Angststörungspatienten (n = 115) und komorbid Angst- und depressiven Störungen (n = 225), wurden die Therapieverläufe hinsichtlich des Auftretens von Veränderungssprüngen sowie deren Zusammenhang zu dem Therapieergebnis untersucht. Resultate: In 26.27% der Patientenstichprobe traten Veränderungssprünge auf. Interessanterweise haben insbesondere Patienten, welche einen Gewinn und einen Verlust in ihrem Verlauf erleben, eine signifikant längere Therapiedauer sowie niedrigere Effektstärken auf der Symptomebene am Therapieende (BSI und BDI). Schlussfolgerung: In dieser Studie werden spezifische Vorgehensweisen zur Analyse von Therapieverläufen, der Identifikation fluktuierender oder negativer Behandlungsverläufe sowie deren Bedeutung für die patientenorientierte Forschung und der Evaluation von Behandlungsfortschritt aufgezeigt und diskutiert.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armita Tschitsaz
- Institut für Psychologie, Universität Trier, Institut für Psychologie, Universität Bern
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