López AG, Calero MD. [Predictors of cognitive decline in the elderly].
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2009;
44:220-224. [PMID:
19595485 DOI:
10.1016/j.regg.2009.03.006]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The elderly population is currently increasing. In this population there is a high incidence of cognitive decline and dementia, which has a negative influence on personal life and family functioning, as well as economic and healthcare repercussions. The present article aims to indicate possible predictors of cognitive decline with a view to predicting this situation and intervening before the cognitive impairment is unavoidable. Some predictors of cognitive impairment could be the following: age, sex, education, a family history of dementia, objective and subjective difficulties with memory, several medical problems (hypertension and diabetes), sensory-motor difficulties, hypometabolism in some cerebral areas, reduced hippocampal size, carrying one or two apolipoprotein e4 alleles, a low score in cognitive tasks (especially immediate and delayed recall), deficits in associative learning and naming, low cognitive plasticity, depression, a low literacy level, poor general cognitive functioning, low participation in social activities, low physical activity, lack of social support, the use of medication and, finally, sleep-related problems. All of these factors could be important in predicting cognitive decline in very old age.
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