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Ali S, Bakht S, Ullah Jan A, Alam I, Almajwal AM, Osaili T, Obaid RS, Faris ME, Cheikh Ismail L, Najah F, Radwan H, Hasan H, Hashim M, AlBlooshi S, Sehar B, Zeb F. An innovative state-of-the-art health storytelling technique for better management of type 2 diabetes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1215166. [PMID: 37869196 PMCID: PMC10585594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1215166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic lifelong disease that requires long-term prevention and management strategies in a community setting. A health story is a novel technique that may be used as an effective tool for better prevention and management of T2D. Objective The main objective of this study is to develop a story to be used as a social health technique based on contemporary scientific knowledge that may be used at a community level for better communication and management of T2D. Methods A community-academic partnership was formed with a not-for-profit Nutrition Education, Awareness, and Training (NEAT) organization in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. We agreed to develop a story that may be used as a health and nutrition education communication tool for better management of patients with T2D. The following phases were followed during the story creation process: (1) the theory phase, (2) the modeling phase, and (3) the evaluation phase. Raters evaluated the story to determine its literary and scientific quality, comprehensiveness, and T2D specificity. Results The title of the story translated into English is "The Story of Diabetes-The Story of Success." It is text based and contains 86 pages in the local language, "Pashto," with an English translation. The story is divided into five chapters and describes the initial diagnosis, fear associated with the disease, issues related to referral to certified practitioners, the importance of a balanced diet, and related lifestyle habits. After story evaluation, the raters suggested its literary and scientific quality, comprehensiveness, and T2D specificity (Pearson correlation scores of >0.8). Conclusion This unique story was created for T2D and found to be of significant quality in terms of its literary and scientific quality, as well as its comprehensiveness and diabetes specificity. As a result, it may be suggested that it can be used in subsequent studies to improve T2D management among adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbal Ali
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Bakht
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ullah Jan
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Agriculture (Human Nutrition and Dietetics), Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Ali Madi Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Osaili
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reyad Shakir Obaid
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - MoezAllslam Ezzat Faris
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford Nuffield, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Farah Najah
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haydar Hasan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Hashim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharifa AlBlooshi
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bismillah Sehar
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Falak Zeb
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Ruchensky JR, Dowgwillo EA, Kelley SE, Massey C, Slavin-Mulford J, Richardson LA, Blais MA, Stein MB. Exploring the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Using SCORS-G Ratings on Thematic Apperception Test Narratives. J Pers Disord 2022; 36:201-216. [PMID: 34427493 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2021_35_535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) in Section III of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) conceptualizes personality pathology as a combination of impairment (Criterion A) and traits (Criterion B). One measure used to develop Criterion A was the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale - Global Rating Method (SCORS-G), which is a multidimensional, object-relational clinician-rated measure of personality functioning. Although there are conceptual links between the AMPD and SCORS-G dimensions, there exists no research examining the relationship. To address this, we examined associations between the SCORS-G dimensions and measures of the AMPD constructs in a large, archival dataset of outpatients and inpatients. More pathological scores on SCORS-G dimensions reflecting self- and interpersonal functioning were associated with greater pathological traits and impairment. Overall, results support further investigation into SCORS-G as a useful measure in AMPD research and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shannon E Kelley
- Clinical Psychology Department, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts
| | - Christina Massey
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Laura A Richardson
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark A Blais
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle B Stein
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Vaughn KN, Jenkins SR, Weber KM. Object relations assessment predicts outpatients' attrition, early working alliance and psychotherapy process. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:978-987. [PMID: 33416195 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the predictive utility of assessing clients' object relations functioning to prognosticate therapy dropout, quality of the early working alliance and psychotherapy process events reported by clients after their first five sessions. Clients accepting a recruitment invitation were administered the thematic apperception test (TAT) shortly after intake, and those still in treatment three to four sessions later rated the working alliance and psychotherapy process events. Participants were 47 clients beginning psychotherapy with advanced doctoral practicum students at a university-based community-serving training clinic. The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scales (SCORS), an object relations scoring system for TAT stories, was used to assess object relations functioning. The California Psychotherapy Alliance Scales-Patient form measured four dimensions of the alliance. The Therapy Orientation Process Scales, created from the Psychotherapy Process Q-set, measured clients' perceptions of therapy process events as involving relatively more psychodynamic or cognitive behavioural techniques. The SCORS significantly predicted remaining in therapy, client ratings of stronger working alliance and typical therapy process as more psychodynamic than cognitive behavioural. SCORS complexity of representations and capacity for emotional investment in relationships scales were the strongest predictors, especially of the patient commitment facet of the alliance. The findings suggest that (1) beginning psychotherapy with object relations assessment can be useful for treatment planning and (2) the relationship between clients' object relations functioning, working alliance and greater sensitivity to psychodynamic than to cognitive behavioural interventions depends on the aspect of object relations that is being assessed.
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Emotion regulation in adolescents: Influences of internal representations of relationships - An ERP study. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 160:1-9. [PMID: 33278467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) strategies can decrease the intensity or modify the experience of emotions. Deficits in emotion regulation are implicated in a wide range of psychopathologies. It is argued that interpersonal, socio-cognitive, and developmental variables play an important role in ER. This is the first study to explore the contribution of individual differences in internal representations of relationships (IRR) to neural correlates of ER in a sample of adolescents. Event related potentials of 53 adolescents (12 to 17 years old) were collected while performing an ER task. IRR was assessed with the social cognition and object relations scale (SCORS-G; Westen, 1995) coding of narratives from interviews. Results show that individual differences in IRR significantly predicted the modulation of emotional responses by expressive suppression in adolescents, accounting for 48% of the variance of changes in occipital late positive potentials (LPP). Thus, it appears that IRR are implicated in an individual's ability to regulate emotions. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Slavin‐Mulford JM, Amerson LR, Hilsenroth MJ, Zodan J, Charnas JW, Cain LA, Stein MB. Are all narratives the same: Convergent and discriminant validity of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale—Global Rating Method across two narrative types. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:623-632. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke R. Amerson
- Department of Psychological Sciences Augusta University Augusta GA USA
| | - Mark J. Hilsenroth
- Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies Adelphi University Garden City NY USA
| | - Jennifer Zodan
- Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies Adelphi University Garden City NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Nassau University Medical Center East Meadow NY USA
| | - Jocelyn W. Charnas
- Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies Adelphi University Garden City NY USA
| | - Lylli A. Cain
- Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies Adelphi University Garden City NY USA
| | - Michelle B. Stein
- Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL) Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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Scaduto AA, Barbieri V, Santos MAD. Validity of the TAT in Brazil: Theoretical and Methodological Issues. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e36521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Although the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is popular in Brazil, showing evidences of its validity remains a challenge. In the present article, we discuss such issue by analyzing the definition of the TAT as a projective method and a psychological test, its use by different theoretical traditions, relations between nomothetic and idiographic analysis levels, limitations of Classical Test Theory for evaluating the instrument’s properties, and challenges regarding research and practice with the instrument in Brazil. We advocate that overcoming a traditional view of projective techniques, using multidimensional methods and performing wider empirical studies on norms and validation evidences with multicenter databases may allow more secure and informed practices with the instrument among researchers and practitioners in the country.
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McCredie MN, Morey LC. Convergence between Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and self-report: Another look at some old questions. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:1838-1849. [PMID: 31264717 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study extends upon the investigation of the influence of response format on the convergence between performance-based and self-report assessments of similar mental health constructs, to further examine the role of method variance in poor heteromethod convergence. METHODS An online sample of 455 participants (57% male; mean age = 35.5 years) completed a multiple-choice adaptation of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)-the Iowa Picture Interpretation Test (IPIT)-and two self-report instruments: the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) representation of the domain traits of the five-factor model. RESULTS Several significant and meaningful interrelationships emerged between the IPIT and the PAI and IPIP five-factor scales. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that TAT methodology can correlate meaningfully with similar constructs assessed using self-report when comparable response formats are utilized, offering further support for the role of method variance in precluding heteromethod relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N McCredie
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Leslie C Morey
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Auletta AF, Cupellaro S, Abbate L, Aiello E, Cornacchia P, Norcia C, Sogos C. SCORS-G and Card Pull Effect of TAT Stories: A Study With a Nonclinical Sample of Children. Assessment 2018; 27:1368-1377. [PMID: 29911404 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118781014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that stimulus pull is one of the contributory factors influencing Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) responses. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of studies examining this. In particular, the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale-Global Rating Method (SCORS-G) has been employed to examine stimulus pull in adult clinical and nonclinical samples. The present study is the first attempt to examine this issue in a nonclinical sample of children. Ninety-eight children from Italian elementary (1st to 5th grade) and middle (6th to 8th grade) schools provided narratives to six TAT cards (1, 2, 3BM, 4, 8BM, and 16). Some important findings with regard to variance within scales replicate prior findings from other studies. Furthermore, some findings regarding the specific nature of pull for particular TAT cards (1, 2, 3BM, and 4) replicate prior work. Given that Cards 8BM and 16's SCORS-G stimulus properties have not been previously studied, the pull of these cards is explored. Last, SCORS-G differences/similarities across these two age groups are highlighted. Suggestions for further research in this field are also provided, particularly concerning the use of SCORS-G and TAT for clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Cupellaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psichiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Abbate
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Aiello
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Norcia
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Sogos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psichiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Richardson LA, Porcerelli JH, Dauphin VB, Morris P, Murdoch W. The Use of the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale in a Primary Care Setting. J Pers Assess 2017; 100:156-165. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1369984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John H. Porcerelli
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | | | - Pierre Morris
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | - William Murdoch
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine
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Siefert CJ, Stein M, Slavin-Mulford J, Haggerty G, Sinclair SJ, Funke D, Blais MA. Exploring the Factor Structure of the Social Cognition and Object Relations-Global Rating Method: Support for Two- and Three-Factor Models. J Pers Assess 2017. [PMID: 28644680 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1336716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scales-Global Rating Method (SCORS-G) contains 8 scales for coding narrative content. This study explores the factor structure of this measure using college (n = 171), outpatient (n = 239), and inpatient (n = 78) samples. Participants told stories to the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1943) cards. Stories were transcribed and coded by blind raters using the SCORS-G. Cases were randomly assigned to an exploratory or validation group. Exploratory factor analysis with the exploratory group suggested 2- and 3-factor models. The Emotional Investment in Relationships (EIR) scale did not obtain a primary loading on any factor and was not included in subsequentmodels. After modifications, confirmatory factor analysis indicated good-to-adequate fit for 2- and 3-factor models. Both models showed good fit in the validation group and met criteria for invariance across models. Findings indicated that some SCORS-G scales tap cognitive-structural elements, whereas others assess affective-relational components of narratives. We found mild support separating the affective-relational scales in terms of internal representations for the self and others and relationships. The results reported here indicate that clinicians and researchers can calculate a separate cognitive-structural composite score and an affective-relational composite score when using the SCORS-G to rate TAT stories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Siefert
- a Department of Behavioral Sciences , University of Michigan-Dearborn
| | - Michelle Stein
- b Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL) , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Greg Haggerty
- d Van Tauber Institute for Global Psychiatry , Nassau University Medical Center
| | - Samuel J Sinclair
- b Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL) , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Danielle Funke
- a Department of Behavioral Sciences , University of Michigan-Dearborn
| | - Mark A Blais
- b Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL) , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Jenkins SR. Not Your Same Old Story: New Rules for Thematic Apperceptive Techniques (TATs). J Pers Assess 2017; 99:238-253. [PMID: 28379075 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1248972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stories told about pictures have been used for both research and clinical practice since the beginning of modern personality assessment. However, with the growing science-practice gap, these thematic apperceptive techniques (TATs) have been used differently in those 2 venues. Scientific validation is presumptively general, but clinical application is idiographic and situation-specific. A bridge is needed. The manualized human-scored narrative analysis systems discussed here are valuable scientist-practitioner tools, but they require a validation literature to support further research publication, maintain their role in clinical training, and justify clinicians' reimbursement by third-party payers. To facilitate wider understanding of manualized TAT methodologies, this article addresses long-standing criticisms of TAT reliability and proposes some strategic solutions to the measurement error problem for both researchers and clinicians, including analyzing person-situation interactions, purposeful situation sampling for within-storyteller comparisons, and uses of small samples. The new rules for TATs include conceptual and methodological standards that researchers should aim to meet and report, reviewers should apply to manuscripts, and clinical assessors can use to analyze their own data and justify third-party payment.
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Jenkins SR. The Narrative Arc of TATs: Introduction to theJPASpecial Section on Thematic Apperceptive Techniques. J Pers Assess 2017; 99:225-237. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1244066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Stein MB, Slavin-Mulford J, Sinclair SJ, Chung WJ, Roche M, Denckla C, Blais MA. Extending the Use of the SCORS–G Composite Ratings in Assessing Level of Personality Organization. J Pers Assess 2016; 100:166-175. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1195394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B. Stein
- Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Samuel Justin Sinclair
- Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Wei-Jean Chung
- Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - Mark A. Blais
- Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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