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Ding R, Nnamchi HC, Yu JY, Li T, Sun C, Li J, Tseng Y, Li X, Xie F, Feng J, Ji K, Li X. North Atlantic oscillation controls multidecadal changes in the North Tropical Atlantic-Pacific connection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:862. [PMID: 36792593 PMCID: PMC9931689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
By exciting subtropical teleconnections, sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) during boreal spring can trigger El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the following boreal winter, thereby providing a precursor for ENSO predictability. However, this NTA-ENSO connection is not stationary, and it varies considerably over multidecadal timescales, which cannot be directly explained by the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation or the global warming trend. Here we show that multidecadal changes in the NTA-ENSO connection are principally controlled by multidecadal variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During the positive phase of the NAO, the amplification of the NTA impact on ENSO mainly arises from strengthening of the boreal spring mean precipitation over the equatorial Atlantic and enhancement of the persistence of NTA SST anomalies, which enhance the NTA influence by exciting stronger and more persistent subtropical teleconnections. Our findings show that multidecadal variability of the NAO is key to understanding the impacts of the NTA SST on the tropical Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Chinese Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hyacinth C. Nnamchi
- grid.15649.3f0000 0000 9056 9663GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany ,grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Jin-Yi Yu
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Tim Li
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES)/Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yu‐Heng Tseng
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xichen Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Fei Xie
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Ji
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xumin Li
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Ganley LC, Byrnes J, Pendleton DE, Mayo CA, Friedland KD, Redfern JV, Turner JT, Brault S. Effects of changing temperature phenology on the abundance of a critically endangered baleen whale. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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3
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Kettemer LE, Biastoch A, Wagner P, Coombs EJ, Penrose R, Scott R. Oceanic drivers of juvenile sea turtle strandings in the UK. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Impacts of UV Irradiance and Medium-Energy Electron Precipitation on the North Atlantic Oscillation during the 11-Year Solar Cycle. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12081029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that part of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability may be attributed to the spectral ultra-violet (UV) irradiance variations associated to the 11-year solar cycle. The observed maximum surface pressure response in the North Atlantic occurs 2–4 years after solar maximum, and some model studies have identified that atmosphere–ocean feedbacks explain the multi-year lag. Alternatively, medium-to-high energy electron (MEE) precipitation, which peaks in the declining phase of the solar cycle, has been suggested as a potential cause of this lag. We use a coupled (ocean–atmosphere) climate prediction model and a state-of-the-art MEE forcing to explore the respective roles of irradiance and MEE precipitation on the NAO variability. Three decadal ensemble experiments were conducted over solar cycle 23 in an idealized setting. We found a weak ensemble-mean positive NAO response to the irradiance. The simulated signal-to-noise ratio remained very small, indicating the predominance of internal NAO variability. The lack of multi-annual lag in the NAO response was likely due to lagged solar signals imprinted in temperatures below the oceanic mixed-layer re-emerging equatorward of the oceanic frontal zones, which anchor ocean–atmosphere feedbacks. While there is a clear, yet weak, signature from UV irradiance in the atmosphere and upper ocean over the North Atlantic, enhanced MEE precipitation on the other hand does not lead to any systematic changes in the stratospheric circulation, despite its marked chemical signatures.
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Yang Y, Wu L, Guo Y, Gan B, Cai W, Huang G, Li X, Geng T, Jing Z, Li S, Liang X, Xie SP. Greenhouse warming intensifies north tropical Atlantic climate variability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/35/eabg9690. [PMID: 34433566 PMCID: PMC8386939 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Variability of North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST), characterized by a near-uniform warming at its positive phase, is a consequential mode of climate variability. Modulated by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation, NTA warm anomalies tend to induce La Niña events, droughts in Northeast Brazil, increased frequency of extreme hurricanes, and phytoplankton blooms in the Guinea Dome. Future changes of NTA variability could have profound socioeconomic impacts yet remain unknown. Here, we reveal a robust intensification of NTA variability under greenhouse warming. This intensification mainly arises from strengthening of ENSO-forced Pacific-North American pattern and tropospheric temperature anomalies, as a consequence of an eastward shift of ENSO-induced equatorial Pacific convection and of increased ENSO variability, which enhances ENSO influence by reinforcing the associated wind and moist convection anomalies. The intensification of NTA SST variability suggests increased occurrences of extreme NTA events, with far-reaching ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bolan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenju Cai
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research (CSHOR), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xichen Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Geng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao Jing
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shang-Ping Xie
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Martineau P, Nakamura H, Kosaka Y, Yamamoto A. Importance of a vertically tilting structure for energizing the North Atlantic Oscillation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12671. [PMID: 32728127 PMCID: PMC7391741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a prominent mode of atmospheric variability that influences weather and climate, including the occurrence of extreme events, over a large part of Europe and Northeastern America. The NAO has been considered to be maintained primarily by migratory weather disturbances and to have a deep structure with no vertical tilt. A careful inspection nonetheless reveals that the associated anomalies do exhibit a subtle vertical tilt, but its dynamical implications are still unknown. Here we show that this vertical tilt is of vital dynamical significance for the wintertime NAO. We find, using atmospheric reanalysis data, that the tilted anomalies transport heat across the pronounced thermal gradient associated with a background westerly jetstream, advecting air from the cooler North America and Greenland to the warmer Atlantic, thereby acting to reinforce NAO’s thermal anomalies. The resultant conversion of potential energy from the background state is a larger energy source for maintaining the NAO than the feedback from migratory disturbances. Our findings thus uncover a fundamental mechanism of the NAO dynamics, with implications for the improvement of seasonal predictions for the Euro-Atlantic climate and the representation of the NAO variability in climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Martineau
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Nakamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yu Kosaka
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Yamamoto
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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7
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Espinasse M, Halsband C, Varpe Ø, Gislason A, Gudmundsson K, Falk-Petersen S, Eiane K. The role of local and regional environmental factors for Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus abundances in the Nordic Seas. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Large scale, synchronous variability of marine fish populations driven by commercial exploitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8248-53. [PMID: 27382163 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602325113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronous variations in the abundance of geographically distinct marine fish populations are known to occur across spatial scales on the order of 1,000 km and greater. The prevailing assumption is that this large-scale coherent variability is a response to coupled atmosphere-ocean dynamics, commonly represented by climate indexes, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. On the other hand, it has been suggested that exploitation might contribute to this coherent variability. This possibility has been generally ignored or dismissed on the grounds that exploitation is unlikely to operate synchronously at such large spatial scales. Our analysis of adult fishing mortality and spawning stock biomass of 22 North Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks revealed that both the temporal and spatial scales in fishing mortality and spawning stock biomass were equivalent to those of the climate drivers. From these results, we conclude that greater consideration must be given to the potential of exploitation as a driving force behind broad, coherent variability of heavily exploited fish species.
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9
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Straneo F, Heimbach P. North Atlantic warming and the retreat of Greenland's outlet glaciers. Nature 2013; 504:36-43. [PMID: 24305146 DOI: 10.1038/nature12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet quadrupled over the past two decades, contributing a quarter of the observed global sea-level rise. Increased submarine melting is thought to have triggered the retreat of Greenland's outlet glaciers, which is partly responsible for the ice loss. However, the chain of events and physical processes remain elusive. Recent evidence suggests that an anomalous inflow of subtropical waters driven by atmospheric changes, multidecadal natural ocean variability and a long-term increase in the North Atlantic's upper ocean heat content since the 1950s all contributed to a warming of the subpolar North Atlantic. This led, in conjunction with increased runoff, to enhanced submarine glacier melting. Future climate projections raise the potential for continued increases in warming and ice-mass loss, with implications for sea level and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Straneo
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA
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10
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Mills KE, Pershing AJ, Sheehan TF, Mountain D. Climate and ecosystem linkages explain widespread declines in North American Atlantic salmon populations. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3046-3061. [PMID: 23780876 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations experienced substantial declines in the early 1990s, and many populations have persisted at low abundances in recent years. Abundance and productivity declined in a coherent manner across major regions of North America, and this coherence points toward a potential shift in marine survivorship, rather than local, river-specific factors. The major declines in Atlantic salmon populations occurred against a backdrop of physical and biological shifts in Northwest Atlantic ecosystems. Analyses of changes in climate, physical, and lower trophic level biological factors provide substantial evidence that climate conditions directly and indirectly influence the abundance and productivity of North American Atlantic salmon populations. A major decline in salmon abundance after 1990 was preceded by a series of changes across multiple levels of the ecosystem, and a subsequent population change in 1997, primarily related to salmon productivity, followed an unusually low NAO event. Pairwise correlations further demonstrate that climate and physical conditions are associated with changes in plankton communities and prey availability, which are ultimately linked to Atlantic salmon populations. Results suggest that poor trophic conditions, likely due to climate-driven environmental factors, and warmer ocean temperatures throughout their marine habitat area are constraining the productivity and recovery of North American Atlantic salmon populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Mills
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Aubert Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME, 04101, USA
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Abstract
The global overturning of ocean waters involves the equatorward transport of cold, deep waters and the poleward transport of warm, near-surface waters. Such movement creates a net poleward transport of heat that, in partnership with the atmosphere, establishes the global and regional climates. Although oceanographers have long assumed that a reduction in deep water formation at high latitudes in the North Atlantic translates into a slowing of the ocean's overturning and hence in Earth's climate, observational and modeling studies over the past decade have called this assumed linkage into question. The observational basis for linking water mass formation with the ocean's meridional overturning is reviewed herein. Understanding this linkage is crucial to efforts aimed at predicting the consequences of the warming and freshening of high-latitude surface waters to the climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Susan Lozier
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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Richter K, Maus S. Interannual variability in the hydrography of the Norwegian Atlantic Current: Frontal versus advective response to atmospheric forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jc007311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Jury
- Department of Physics; University of Puerto Rico; Mayagüez Puerto Rico
| | - Isabelle Gouirand
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences; University of West Indies at Cave Hill; Bridgetown Barbados
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Deser C, Alexander MA, Xie SP, Phillips AS. Sea surface temperature variability: patterns and mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2010; 2:115-143. [PMID: 21141660 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120408-151453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) variability on interannual and longer timescales result from a combination of atmospheric and oceanic processes. These SST anomaly patterns may be due to intrinsic modes of atmospheric circulation variability that imprint themselves upon the SST field mainly via surface energy fluxes. Examples include SST fluctuations in the Southern Ocean associated with the Southern Annular Mode, a tripolar pattern of SST anomalies in the North Atlantic associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation, and a pan-Pacific mode known as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (with additional contributions from oceanic processes). They may also result from coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon in the tropical Indo-Pacific, the tropical Atlantic Niño, and the cross-equatorial meridional modes in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic. Finally, patterns of SST variability may arise from intrinsic oceanic modes, notably the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Deser
- Climate Analysis Section, Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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15
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Henson SA, Dunne JP, Sarmiento JL. Decadal variability in North Atlantic phytoplankton blooms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jc005139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thierry V, de Boisséson E, Mercier H. Interannual variability of the Subpolar Mode Water properties over the Reykjanes Ridge during 1990–2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jc004443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Decadal to multidecadal variability of the Atlantic MOC: Mechanisms and predictability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/173gm11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Murphy TM, Murphy SR, Griffin DB, Hope CP. Recent Occurrence, Spatial Distribution, and Temporal Variability of Leatherback Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in Nearshore Waters of South Carolina, USA. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.2744/1071-8443(2006)5[216:rosdat]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Wintertime nordic seas cyclone variability and its impact on oceanic volume transports into the Nordic seas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/158gm10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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20
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Brauch JP, Gerdes R. Response of the northern North Atlantic and Arctic oceans to a sudden change of the North Atlantic Oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jc002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Wang C. ENSO, Atlantic Climate Variability, and the Walker and Hadley Circulations. ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2944-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Barber DG. Meteorological forcing of sea ice concentrations in the southern Beaufort Sea over the period 1979 to 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jc002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gao Y, Drange H, Bentsen M, Johannessen OM. Simulating transport of non-Chernobyl (137)Cs and (90)Sr in the North Atlantic-Arctic region. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2004; 71:1-16. [PMID: 14557033 DOI: 10.1016/s0265-931x(03)00108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal distributions of the anthropogenic radionuclides (137)Cs and (90)Sr, originating from nuclear bomb testing and the Sellafield reprocessing plants in the Irish Sea, are simulated using a global version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The physical model is forced with daily atmospheric re-analysed fields for the period 1950 to present. Comparison of temporal evolution of observed and simulated concentrations of (137)Cs have been conducted for the regions east of Scotland, west of central Norway and at the entrance of the Barents Sea. It follows that the radionuclides from the Sellafield discharge reach the Barents Sea region after 4-5 years, in accordance with observations. The simulation provides a detailed distribution and evolution of the radionuclides over the integration time. For the Atlantic waters off the coast of Norway and in the southern Barents Sea, the atmospheric fallout dominates over the Sellafield release up to the mid 1960s and from the early 1990s, whereas Sellafield is the main source for the two radionuclides in the 1970s and 1980s. It is furthermore argued that model systems like the one presented here can be used for future prediction of radioactive contaminations in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean, for instance under various global warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Gao
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway.
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