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Kelly LT, Reed L, Puddick J, Hawes I, Hicks BJ, Allan MG, Lehmann MK, Wood SA. Growth conditions impact particulate absorption and pigment concentrations in two common bloom forming cyanobacterial species. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102432. [PMID: 37220985 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing using satellite imagery has been promoted as a method to broaden the scale and frequency of cyanobacterial monitoring. This relies on the ability to establish relationships between the reflectance spectra of water bodies and the abundance of cyanobacteria. A challenge to achieving this comes from a limited understanding of the extent to which the optical properties of cyanobacteria vary according to their physiological state and growth environment. The aim of the present study was to determine how growth stage, nutrient status and irradiance affect pigment concentrations and absorption spectra in two common bloom forming cyanobacterial taxa: Dolichospermum lemmermannii and Microcystis aeruginosa. Each species was grown in laboratory batch culture under a full factorial design of low or high light intensity and low, medium, or high nitrate concentrations. Absorption spectra, pigment concentrations and cell density were measured throughout the growth phases. The absorption spectra were all highly distinguishable from each other, with greater interspecific than intraspecific differences, indicating that both D. lemmermannii and M. aeruginosa can be readily differentiated using hyperspectral absorption spectra. Despite this, each species exhibited different responses in the per-cell pigment concentrations with varying light intensity and nitrate exposure. Variability among treatments was considerably higher in D. lemmermannii than in M. aeruginosa, which exhibited smaller changes in pigment concentrations among the treatments. These results highlight the need to understand the physiology of the cyanobacteria and to take caution when estimating biovolumes from reflectance spectra when species composition and growth stage are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Reed
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | | | - Ian Hawes
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Brendan J Hicks
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | | | - Moritz K Lehmann
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand; Xerra Earth Observation Institute, Alexandra, New Zealand
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Erickson ZK, Werdell PJ, Cetinić I. Bayesian retrieval of optically relevant properties from hyperspectral water-leaving reflectances. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:6902-6917. [PMID: 32788780 DOI: 10.1364/ao.398043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current methods to retrieve optically relevant properties from ocean color observations do not explicitly make use of prior knowledge about property distributions. Here we implement a simplified Bayesian approach that takes into account prior probability distributions on two sets of five optically relevant parameters, and conduct a retrieval of these parameters using hyperspectral simulated water-leaving reflectances. We focus specifically on the ability of the model to distinguish between two optically similar phytoplankton taxa, diatoms and Noctiluca scintillans. The inversion retrieval gives most-likely concentrations and uncertainty estimates, and we find that the model is able to probabilistically predict the occurrence of Noctiluca scintillans blooms using these metrics. We discuss how this method can be expanded to include a priori covariances between different parameters, and show the effect of varying measurement uncertainty and spectral resolution on Noctiluca scintillans bloom predictions.
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Werdell PJ, McKinna LI, Boss E, Ackleson SG, Craig SE, Gregg WW, Lee Z, Maritorena S, Roesler CS, Rousseaux CS, Stramski D, Sullivan JM, Twardowski MS, Tzortziou M, Zhang X. An overview of approaches and challenges for retrieving marine inherent optical properties from ocean color remote sensing. PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY 2018; 160:186-212. [PMID: 30573929 PMCID: PMC6296493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ocean color measured from satellites provides daily global, synoptic views of spectral waterleaving reflectances that can be used to generate estimates of marine inherent optical properties (IOPs). These reflectances, namely the ratio of spectral upwelled radiances to spectral downwelled irradiances, describe the light exiting a water mass that defines its color. IOPs are the spectral absorption and scattering characteristics of ocean water and its dissolved and particulate constituents. Because of their dependence on the concentration and composition of marine constituents, IOPs can be used to describe the contents of the upper ocean mixed layer. This information is critical to further our scientific understanding of biogeochemical oceanic processes, such as organic carbon production and export, phytoplankton dynamics, and responses to climatic disturbances. Given their importance, the international ocean color community has invested significant effort in improving the quality of satellite-derived IOP products, both regionally and globally. Recognizing the current influx of data products into the community and the need to improve current algorithms in anticipation of new satellite instruments (e.g., the global, hyperspectral spectroradiometer of the NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission), we present a synopsis of the current state of the art in the retrieval of these core optical properties. Contemporary approaches for obtaining IOPs from satellite ocean color are reviewed and, for clarity, separated based their inversion methodology or the type of IOPs sought. Summaries of known uncertainties associated with each approach are provided, as well as common performance metrics used to evaluate them. We discuss current knowledge gaps and make recommendations for future investment for upcoming missions whose instrument characteristics diverge sufficiently from heritage and existing sensors to warrant reassessing current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lachlan I.W. McKinna
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 616, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Go2Q Pty Ltd, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Boss
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | | | - Susanne E. Craig
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 616, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Watson W. Gregg
- NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Zhongping Lee
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Collin S. Roesler
- Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA
| | - Cécile S. Rousseaux
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
- NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Dariusz Stramski
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James M. Sullivan
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Michael S. Twardowski
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Maria Tzortziou
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science and Policy, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Werdell PJ, Franz BA, Bailey SW, Feldman GC, Boss E, Brando VE, Dowell M, Hirata T, Lavender SJ, Lee Z, Loisel H, Maritorena S, Mélin F, Moore TS, Smyth TJ, Antoine D, Devred E, d'Andon OHF, Mangin A. Generalized ocean color inversion model for retrieving marine inherent optical properties. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:2019-2037. [PMID: 23545956 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.002019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ocean color measured from satellites provides daily, global estimates of marine inherent optical properties (IOPs). Semi-analytical algorithms (SAAs) provide one mechanism for inverting the color of the water observed by the satellite into IOPs. While numerous SAAs exist, most are similarly constructed and few are appropriately parameterized for all water masses for all seasons. To initiate community-wide discussion of these limitations, NASA organized two workshops that deconstructed SAAs to identify similarities and uniqueness and to progress toward consensus on a unified SAA. This effort resulted in the development of the generalized IOP (GIOP) model software that allows for the construction of different SAAs at runtime by selection from an assortment of model parameterizations. As such, GIOP permits isolation and evaluation of specific modeling assumptions, construction of SAAs, development of regionally tuned SAAs, and execution of ensemble inversion modeling. Working groups associated with the workshops proposed a preliminary default configuration for GIOP (GIOP-DC), with alternative model parameterizations and features defined for subsequent evaluation. In this paper, we: (1) describe the theoretical basis of GIOP; (2) present GIOP-DC and verify its comparable performance to other popular SAAs using both in situ and synthetic data sets; and, (3) quantify the sensitivities of their output to their parameterization. We use the latter to develop a hierarchical sensitivity of SAAs to various model parameterizations, to identify components of SAAs that merit focus in future research, and to provide material for discussion on algorithm uncertainties and future emsemble applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jeremy Werdell
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
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Brewin RJW, Dall'Olmo G, Sathyendranath S, Hardman-Mountford NJ. Particle backscattering as a function of chlorophyll and phytoplankton size structure in the open-ocean. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:17632-17652. [PMID: 23038316 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.017632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using an extensive database of in situ observations we present a model that estimates the particle backscattering coefficient as a function of the total chlorophyll concentration in the open-ocean (Case-1 waters). The parameters of the model include a constant background component and the chlorophyll-specific backscattering coefficients associated with small (<20 μm) and large (>20 μm) phytoplankton. The new model performed with similar accuracy when compared with a traditional power-law function, with the additional benefit of providing information on the role of phytoplankton size. The observed spectral-dependency (γ) of model parameters was consistent with past observations, such that γ associated with the small phytoplankton population was higher than that of large phytoplankton. Furthermore, γ associated with the constant background component suggests this component is likely attributed to submicron particles. We envisage that the model would be useful for improving Case-1 ocean-colour models, assimilating light into multi-phytoplankton ecosystem models and improving estimates of phytoplankton size structure from remote sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J W Brewin
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
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Xing X, Morel A, Claustre H, Antoine D, D'Ortenzio F, Poteau A, Mignot A. Combined processing and mutual interpretation of radiometry and fluorimetry from autonomous profiling Bio-Argo floats: Chlorophyllaretrieval. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jc006899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schallenberg C, Lewis MR, Kelley DE, Cullen JJ. Inferred influence of nutrient availability on the relationship between Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and incident irradiance in the Bering Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jc004355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Twardowski MS, Lewis MR, Barnard AH, Zaneveld JRV. In-Water Instrumentation and Platforms for Ocean Color Remote Sensing Applications. REMOTE SENSING OF COASTAL AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-3100-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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D'sa EJ, Miller RL. Bio-Optical Properties of Coastal Waters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-3100-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Loisel H, Nicolas JM, Sciandra A, Stramski D, Poteau A. Spectral dependency of optical backscattering by marine particles from satellite remote sensing of the global ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jc003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Devred E, Sathyendranath S, Stuart V, Maass H, Ulloa O, Platt T. A two-component model of phytoplankton absorption in the open ocean: Theory and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jc002880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hoge FE, Lyon PE, Wright CW, Swift RN, Yungel JK. Chlorophyll biomass in the global oceans: airborne lidar retrieval using fluorescence of both chlorophyll and chromophoric dissolved organic matter. APPLIED OPTICS 2005; 44:2857-62. [PMID: 15943339 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.002857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
For three decades airborne laser-induced fluorescence has demonstrated value for chlorophyll biomass retrieval in wide-area oceanic field experiments, satellite validation, and algorithm development. A new chlorophyll biomass retrieval theory is developed using laser-induced and water Raman normalized fluorescence of both (a) chlorophyll and (b) chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). This airborne lidar retrieval theory is then independently confirmed by chlorophyll biomass obtained from concurrent (1) ship-cruise retrievals, (2) satellite inherent optical property (IOP) biomass retrievals, and (3) satellite standard band-ratio chlorophyll biomass retrievals. The new airborne lidar chlorophyll and CDOM fluorescence-based chlorophyll biomass retrieval is found to be more robust than prior lidar methods that used chlorophyll fluorescence only. Future research is recommended to further explain the underlying influence of CDOM on chlorophyll production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank E Hoge
- NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia 23337-0000, USA.
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Bricaud A. Natural variability of phytoplanktonic absorption in oceanic waters: Influence of the size structure of algal populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jc002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Johannessen SC. Calculation of UV attenuation and colored dissolved organic matter absorption spectra from measurements of ocean color. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reynolds RA, Stramski D, Mitchell BG. A chlorophyll-dependent semianalytical reflectance model derived from field measurements of absorption and backscattering coefficients within the Southern Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Twardowski MS, Donaghay PL. Separating in situ and terrigenous sources of absorption by dissolved materials in coastal waters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Joint I, Groom SB. Estimation of phytoplankton production from space: current status and future potential of satellite remote sensing. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 2000; 250:233-255. [PMID: 10969171 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0981(00)00199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of ocean colour satellites is now operational, with frequent observation of the global ocean. This paper reviews the potential to estimate marine primary production from satellite images. The procedures involved in retrieving estimates of phytoplankton biomass, as pigment concentrations, are discussed. Algorithms are applied to SeaWiFS ocean colour data to indicate seasonal variations in phytoplankton biomass in the Celtic Sea, on the continental shelf to the south west of the UK. Algorithms to estimate primary production rates from chlorophyll concentration are compared and the advantages and disadvantage discussed. The simplest algorithms utilise correlations between chlorophyll concentration and production rate and one equation is used to estimate daily primary production rates for the western English Channel and Celtic Sea; these estimates compare favourably with published values. Primary production for the central Celtic Sea in the period April to September inclusive is estimated from SeaWiFS data to be 102 gC m(-2) in 1998 and 93 gC m(-2) in 1999; published estimates, based on in situ incubations, are ca. 80 gC m(-2). The satellite data demonstrate large variations in primary production between 1998 and 1999, with a significant increase in late summer in 1998 which did not occur in 1999. Errors are quantified for the estimation of primary production from simple algorithms based on satellite-derived chlorophyll concentration. These data show the potential to obtain better estimates of marine primary production than are possible with ship-based methods, with the ability to detect short-lived phytoplankton blooms. In addition, the potential to estimate new production from satellite data is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Joint
- NERC Centre for Coastal and Marine Sciences, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, UK
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