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Lee S, Han C, Shin D, Hur SD, Jun SJ, Kim YT, Byun DS, Hong S. Characteristics of elemental and Pb isotopic compositions in aerosols (PM 10-2.5) at the Ieodo Ocean Research Station in the East China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:154-164. [PMID: 28800484 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 82 aerosol samples (PM10-2.5) were collected from June 18, 2015 to October 1, 2016 at the remote sea site, the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS), in the East China Sea. Samples were analyzed for 10 elements (Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl, and Pb) as well as Pb isotopic composition to characterize temporal variations in elemental concentration levels, and to identify the potential source regions of atmospheric pollutants transported over the remote East China Sea. The results showed that the annual average element concentrations were lowest compared to those at different sites in East Asia, suggesting a very clean background area of IORS, with values ranging from 114 ng m-3 for Al to 0.045 ng m-3 for Tl. Concentrations averaged seasonally for all the elements revealed the highest levels occurring between winter and spring, and the lowest levels in summer. High enrichment factors (EF) of more than 100 for trace elements suggest that these elements originated mostly from anthropogenic sources. Coupling the Pb isotopic composition with a back trajectory analysis identified the potential source regions for each sample. Our approach identified China as a dominant contributor affecting atmospheric composition changes at IORS, the remote area of the East China Sea. As the largest anthropogenic emission source in East Asia, China contributed to almost 100% of the elemental concentration levels in winter and spring, ∼53% in summer and ∼63% in autumn. Because IORS's ambient air is sensitive to even slight changes in pollutant loading due to the significantly low pollution levels, long-term monitoring of air quality at IORS will provide invaluable information on the progress and efforts of atmospheric pollution management linked to emission controls in East Asian countries, especially China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyong-ro 42, Seogu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Han
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Daechol Shin
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Do Hur
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Joon Jun
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Taeg Kim
- Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, 351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Seong Byun
- Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, 351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Hong
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Guo X, Ji H, Li C, Gao Y, Ding H, Tang L, Feng J. The sources of trace element pollution of dry depositions nearby a drinking water source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3829-3842. [PMID: 27900624 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Miyun Reservoir is one of the most important drinking water sources for Beijing. Thirteen atmospheric PM sampling sites were established around this reservoir to analyze the mineral composition, morphological characteristics, element concentration, and sources of atmospheric PM pollution, using transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses. The average monthly dry deposition flux of aerosols was 15.18 g/m2, with a range of 5.78-47.56 g/m2. The maximum flux season was winter, followed by summer, autumn, and spring. Zn and Pb pollution in this area was serious, and some of the sample sites had Cr, Co, Ni, and Cu pollution. Deposition fluxes of Zn/Pb in winter and summer reached 99.77/143.63 and 17.04/33.23 g/(hm2 month), respectively. Principal component analysis showed two main components in the dry deposition; the first was Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, and the other was Pb and Cd. Principal sources of the trace elements were iron mining and other anthropogenic activities in the surrounding areas and mountainous area north of the reservoir. Mineralogy analysis and microscopic conformation results showed many iron minerals and some unweathered minerals in dry deposition and atmospheric particulate matter, which came from an iron ore yard in the northern mountainous area of Miyun County. There was possible iron-rich dry deposition into Miyun Reservoir, affecting its water quality and harming the health of people living in areas around the reservoir and Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Guo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongbing Ji
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Cai Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huaijian Ding
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- The Geological Engineering Design and Research Institute of Beijing, Beijing, 101500, China
| | - Jinguo Feng
- The Geological Engineering Design and Research Institute of Beijing, Beijing, 101500, China
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Hyslop NP, White WH. Identifying sources of uncertainty from the inter-species covariance of measurement errors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:4030-4037. [PMID: 21480585 DOI: 10.1021/es102605x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A standard metric of measurement precision in environmental monitoring is the variance of differences between duplicate (collocated) samples. With duplicate measurements of multiple species, we can extend this variance analysis to include the interspecies covariance of differences between duplicate samples; these covariances can provide clues about the sources of error. We illustrate the potential of such an analysis with atmospheric aerosol measurements from two national air quality monitoring networks: Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) and Speciation Trends Network (STN). These aerosol "speciation" networks provide the multivariate data sets needed to characterize error covariance by operating duplicate samplers at several of their monitoring locations and analyzing both the collected aerosol samples for multiple species. We observe covariance among the measurement differences for multiple species in both networks. The covariance among measurement differences for soil-derived elements suggests an error associated with the particle size discrimination step in sampling, which is not currently included in either network's uncertainty estimates. The multivariate statistical analyses of aerosol speciation data performed by standard source apportionment models assume that measurement errors in different species are independent of each other; the present analysis invalidates this assumption for several species measured by IMPROVE and STN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P Hyslop
- Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Kang J, Choi MS, Lee CB. Atmospheric metal and phosphorus concentrations, inputs, and their biogeochemical significances in the Japan/East Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:2270-2284. [PMID: 19135230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric metals and phosphorus over the southern Japan/East Sea were investigated in order to evaluate their sources, concentrations and inputs, and to identify their biogeochemical roles in this marginal sea. Aerosols were collected on the east coast of Korea from February 2002 to April 2003 (n=101) as well as at a remote island (Ulleung) and on a ship from February 2002 to June 2003 (n=13). The aerosols were analyzed for Al, Co, Cu, Ni, P, Pb and Zn. Simultaneous collections of aerosols at both coast and offshore were performed, and several high dust aerosols (Al>5 microg m(-3)) were collected at both regions. At the coastal site, both dust mineral and pollutants were transported by westerly winds from the Asian continent, but local emissions were significant (e.g., Cu, Ni, P and Zn) as well during the summer monsoon (May-August). The experimental relationships between the coast and offshore sites were defined. From these relationships, it was possible to obtain the annually averaged atmospheric metal and P concentrations over the southern Japan/East Sea, which has increased by over 2 times for the last decade. Through the estimation of atmospheric metal and phosphorus fluxes and comparisons with inputs from the Tsushima Warm Current, the atmospheric pathway was found to be a significant source for Al, Pb and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwon Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Kanaya Y, Matsumoto J, Kato S, Akimoto H. Behavior of OH and HO2radicals during the Observations at a Remote Island of Okinawa (ORION99) field campaign: 2. Comparison between observations and calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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