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Gligorovski S, Strekowski R, Barbati S, Vione D. Environmental Implications of Hydroxyl Radicals (•OH). Chem Rev 2015; 115:13051-92. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 737] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasho Gligorovski
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Rafal Strekowski
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Stephane Barbati
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro
Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Università di Torino, Via L. Da
Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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Srivastava S, Lal S, Venkataramani S, Gupta S, Acharya YB. Vertical distribution of ozone in the lower troposphere over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea during ICARB-2006: Effects of continental outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Singarayer JS, Valdes PJ, Friedlingstein P, Nelson S, Beerling DJ. Late Holocene methane rise caused by orbitally controlled increase in tropical sources. Nature 2011; 470:82-5. [PMID: 21293375 DOI: 10.1038/nature09739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Considerable debate surrounds the source of the apparently 'anomalous' increase of atmospheric methane concentrations since the mid-Holocene (5,000 years ago) compared to previous interglacial periods as recorded in polar ice core records. Proposed mechanisms for the rise in methane concentrations relate either to methane emissions from anthropogenic early rice cultivation or an increase in natural wetland emissions from tropical or boreal sources. Here we show that our climate and wetland simulations of the global methane cycle over the last glacial cycle (the past 130,000 years) recreate the ice core record and capture the late Holocene increase in methane concentrations. Our analyses indicate that the late Holocene increase results from natural changes in the Earth's orbital configuration, with enhanced emissions in the Southern Hemisphere tropics linked to precession-induced modification of seasonal precipitation. Critically, our simulations capture the declining trend in methane concentrations at the end of the last interglacial period (115,000-130,000 years ago) that was used to diagnose the Holocene methane rise as unique. The difference between the two time periods results from differences in the size and rate of regional insolation changes and the lack of glacial inception in the Holocene. Our findings also suggest that no early agricultural sources are required to account for the increase in methane concentrations in the 5,000 years before the industrial era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy S Singarayer
- Bristol Research Initiative for the Dynamic Global Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK.
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Pouvesle N, Kippenberger M, Schuster G, Crowley JN. The interaction of H2O2 with ice surfaces between 203 and 233 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:15544-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ito A, Sillman S, Penner JE. Effects of additional nonmethane volatile organic compounds, organic nitrates, and direct emissions of oxygenated organic species on global tropospheric chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stevenson DS, Dentener FJ, Schultz MG, Ellingsen K, van Noije TPC, Wild O, Zeng G, Amann M, Atherton CS, Bell N, Bergmann DJ, Bey I, Butler T, Cofala J, Collins WJ, Derwent RG, Doherty RM, Drevet J, Eskes HJ, Fiore AM, Gauss M, Hauglustaine DA, Horowitz LW, Isaksen ISA, Krol MC, Lamarque JF, Lawrence MG, Montanaro V, Müller JF, Pitari G, Prather MJ, Pyle JA, Rast S, Rodriguez JM, Sanderson MG, Savage NH, Shindell DT, Strahan SE, Sudo K, Szopa S. Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wen S, Yu Y, Guo S, Feng Y, Sheng G, Wang X, Bi X, Fu J, Jia W. Improvement of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization method for carbon isotope analysis of atmospheric acetone. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:1322-6. [PMID: 16555370 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Through simulation experiments of atmospheric sampling, a method via 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization was developed to measure the carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric acetone. Using acetone and a DNPH reagent of known carbon isotopic compositions, the simulation experiments were performed to show that no carbon isotope fractionation occurred during the processes: the differences between the predicted and measured data of acetone-DNPH derivatives were all less than 0.5 per thousand. The results permitted the calculation of the carbon isotopic compositions of atmospheric acetone using a mass balance equation. In this method, the atmospheric acetone was collected by a DNPH-coated silica cartridge, washed out as acetone-DNPH derivatives, and then analyzed by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). Using this method, the first available delta13C data of atmospheric acetone are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Stevenson D, Doherty R, Sanderson M, Johnson C, Collins B, Derwent D. Impacts of climate change and variability on tropospheric ozone and its precursors. Faraday Discuss 2005; 130:41-57; discussion 125-51, 519-24. [PMID: 16161777 DOI: 10.1039/b417412g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two coupled climate-chemistry model experiments for the period 1990-2030 were conducted: one with a fixed climate and the other with a varying climate forced by the is92a scenario. By comparing results from these experiments we have attempted to identify changes and variations in physical climate that may have important influences upon tropospheric chemical composition. Climate variables considered include: temperature, humidity, convective mass fluxes, precipitation, and the large-scale circulation. Increases in humidity, directly related to increases in temperature, exert a major influence on the budgets of ozone and the hydroxyl radical: decreasing 03 and increasing OH. Warming enhances decomposition of PAN, releasing NOx, and increases the rate of methane oxidation. Surface warming enhances vegetation emissions of isoprene, an important ozone precursor. In the changed climate, tropical convection generally reduces, but penetrates to higher levels. Over northern continents, convection tends to increase. These changes in convection affect both vertical mixing and lightning NOx emissions. We find no global trend in lightning emissions, but significant changes in its distribution. Changes in precipitation and the large-scale circulation are less important for composition, at least in these experiments. Higher levels of the oxidants OH and H202 lead to increases in aerosol formation and concentrations. These results indicate that climate-chemistry feedbacks are dominantly negative (less 03, a shorter CH4 lifetime, and more aerosol). The major mode of inter-annual variability in the is92a climate experiment is ENSO. This strongly modulates isoprene emissions from vegetation via tropical land surface temperatures. ENSO is also clearly the dominant source of variability in tropical column ozone, mainly through changes in the distribution of convection. The magnitude of inter-annual variability in ozone is comparable to the changes brought about by emissions and climate changes between the 1990s and 2020s, suggesting that it will be difficult to disentangle the different components of near-future changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stevenson
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Science, The University of Edinburgh, UK
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Wen S, Feng Y, Wang X, Sheng G, Fu J, Bi X. Development of a compound-specific isotope analysis method for acetone via 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2004; 18:2669-2672. [PMID: 15481098 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel method has been developed for compound-specific isotope analysis for acetone via DNPH (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine) derivatization together with combined gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). Acetone reagents were used to assess delta13C fractionation during the DNPH derivatization process. Reduplicate delta13C analyses were designed to evaluate the reproducibility of the derivatization, with an average error (1 standard deviation) of 0.17 +/- 0.05 per thousand, and average analytical error of 0.28 +/- 0.09 per thousand. The derivatization process introduces no isotopic fractionation for acetone (the average difference between the predicted and analytical delta13C values was 0.09 +/- 0.20 per thousand, within the precision limits of the GC/C/IRMS measurements), which permits computation of the delta13C values for the original underivatized acetone through a mass balance equation. Together with further studies of the carbon isotopic effect during the atmospheric acetone-sampling procedure, it will be possible to use DNPH derivatization for carbon isotope analysis of atmospheric acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Mari C. Export of Asian pollution during two cold front episodes of the TRACE-P experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stevenson DS. Radiative forcing from aircraft NOxemissions: Mechanisms and seasonal dependence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gauss M, Myhre G, Pitari G, Prather MJ, Isaksen ISA, Berntsen TK, Brasseur GP, Dentener FJ, Derwent RG, Hauglustaine DA, Horowitz LW, Jacob DJ, Johnson M, Law KS, Mickley LJ, Müller JF, Plantevin PH, Pyle JA, Rogers HL, Stevenson DS, Sundet JK, van Weele M, Wild O. Radiative forcing in the 21st century due to ozone changes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gauss
- Department of Geophysics; University of Oslo; Norway
| | - G. Myhre
- Department of Geophysics; University of Oslo; Norway
| | - G. Pitari
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università de L'Aquila, Coppito; L'Aquila Italy
| | - M. J. Prather
- Earth System Science Department; University of California at Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L. W. Horowitz
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - D. J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - M. Johnson
- Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - K. S. Law
- Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - L. J. Mickley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - J. A. Pyle
- Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - H. L. Rogers
- Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - D. S. Stevenson
- Institute for Meteorology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - J. K. Sundet
- Department of Geophysics; University of Oslo; Norway
| | - M. van Weele
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI); De Bilt Netherlands
| | - O. Wild
- Frontier Research System for Global Change; Yokohama Japan
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Stevenson DS, Johnson CE, Collins WJ, Derwent RG. The tropospheric sulphur cycle and the role of volcanic SO2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.213.01.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA global three-dimensional chemistry-transport model has been applied to study the tropospheric sulphur cycle, and in particular the volcanic component. The model is in general agreement with previous studies of the global S budget. We find that volcanic emissions constitute 10% of the present-day global SO2 source to the atmosphere, but form 26% of the SO2 burden, and 14% of the sulphate aerosol burden. Two previous modelling studies suggested that the volcanic fraction of sulphate was 18% and 35%, from sources representing 7% and 14%, respectively, of the global total SO2 emission. The results are dependent upon various assumptions about volcanic emissions (magnitude, geographical location, altitude), the global distribution of oxidants, and the physical processes of dry and wet deposition. Because of this dependence upon poorly constrained parameters, it is unclear which modelling study is closest to the truth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Stevenson
- Institute for Meteorology, University of Edinburgh
King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK
| | - C. E. Johnson
- Climate Research, Meteorological Office
London Road, Bracknell, RG12, 2SZ, UK
| | - W. J. Collins
- Climate Research, Meteorological Office
London Road, Bracknell, RG12, 2SZ, UK
| | - R. G. Derwent
- Climate Research, Meteorological Office
London Road, Bracknell, RG12, 2SZ, UK
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Collins WJ. Effect of stratosphere-troposphere exchange on the future tropospheric ozone trend. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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von Kuhlmann R. A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons: Model evaluation of ozone-related species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang X. Numerical modeling of lightning-produced NOxusing an explicit lightning scheme: 1. Two-dimensional simulation as a “proof of concept”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Mari C, Saüt C, Jacob DJ, Staudt A, Avery MA, Brune WH, Faloona I, Heikes BG, Sachse GW, Sandholm ST, Singh HB, Tan D. On the relative role of convection, chemistry, and transport over the South Pacific Convergence Zone during PEM-Tropics B: A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jacob DJ, Field BD, Jin EM, Bey I, Li Q, Logan JA, Yantosca RM, Singh HB. Atmospheric budget of acetone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Brendan D. Field
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Emily M. Jin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Isabelle Bey
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Qinbin Li
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer A. Logan
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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