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Tian Y, Hu S, Deser C. Critical role of biomass burning aerosols in enhanced historical Indian Ocean warming. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3508. [PMID: 37316531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) has experienced enhanced surface warming relative to the tropical mean during the past century, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we use single-forcing, large-ensemble coupled model simulations to demonstrate that changes of biomass burning (BMB) aerosols have played a critical role in this TIO relative warming. Although the BMB aerosol changes have little effect on global mean temperatures due to regional cancellation, they significantly influence the pattern of warming over the tropical oceans. The reduction of BMB aerosols over the Indian subcontinent induces a TIO warming, while the increase of BMB aerosols over South America and Africa causes a cooling of the tropical Pacific and Atlantic, respectively. The resultant TIO relative warming leads to prominent global climate changes, including a westward expanded Indo-Pacific warm pool, a fresher TIO due to enhanced rainfall, and an intensified North Atlantic jet stream affecting European hydroclimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Tian
- Division of Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shineng Hu
- Division of Earth and Climate Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Clara Deser
- Climate and Global Dynamics, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
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Naidja L, Ali-Khodja H, Khardi S. Sources and levels of particulate matter in North African and Sub-Saharan cities: a literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12303-12328. [PMID: 29557037 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the significance of PM in ambient air, it is necessary to evaluate their physical and chemical characteristics as well as identify their major emission sources. On a global scale, particulate matter in the atmosphere arises mainly from the combustion process of motorized vehicles, but natural sources are still considered as the major contributors. In Africa, PM emissions differ from those in developed countries; human activities such as biomass burning in households, poor household waste management, and the high number of diesel-powered vehicles are the predominant anthropogenic sources. Natural contributions are also observed. Saharan dust and savanna fires are the most common atmospheric natural sources of particulate matter. The present literature review gives an overview of the status of air quality in African cities and highlights the various sources of particulate matter emissions and local human activities specific to each African region. This could likely serve as a reference to evaluate the current air quality in this region and will be a useful tool in the future to develop pollution mitigation strategies at the source. Recommendations are proposed in the conclusion in order to reduce emissions from their sources, taking into account the low-income African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamri Naidja
- Laboratoire de Pollution et Traitement des Eaux, Université Frères Mentouri, Route de Aïn El Bey, 25017, Constantine, Algeria.
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques, BP 384, Siège ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, CP 42004, Bou-Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria.
| | - Hocine Ali-Khodja
- Laboratoire de Pollution et Traitement des Eaux, Université Frères Mentouri, Route de Aïn El Bey, 25017, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Salah Khardi
- Claude Bernard University- IFSTTAR LTE, 25, avenue François Mitterrand, Case 24 Cité des mobilités, F-69675, Bron Cedex, France
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Ssenyonga T, Muyimbwa D, Okullo W, Chen YC, Frette Ø, Hamre B, Steigen A, Dahlback A, Stamnes JJ. Aerosols in coastal and inland areas in the equatorial African belt. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:2964-2973. [PMID: 24922014 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.002964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols affect the climate directly through absorption and reflection of sunlight back to space and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. This paper is based on more than three decades of satellite data (1979-1994 and 1996-2012) from total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) and ozone monitoring instrument (OMI), which have provided measurements of backscattered radiances in the wavelength range from 331 to 380 nm. These data have been used to determine the aerosol climatology and to investigate the influence of the aerosol index (AI) on the ultraviolet index (UVI) in coastal land areas in Serrekunda (13.28°N, 16.34°W), The Gambia, and Dar-es-Salaam (6.8°S, 39.26°E), Tanzania, as well as in inland areas in Kampala (0.19°N, 32.34°E), Uganda. Heavy aerosol loadings were found to occur in the dry seasons at all three locations. To reduce the influence of clouds, we disregarded TOMS and OMI data for days during which the UV reflectivity was larger than 9% and investigated the correlation of the AI with the UVI for the remaining days at the three locations. We found a high correlation coefficient of 0.82 for Serrekunda, but poor correlation for Kampala and Dar-es-Salaam. The average AI for Serrekunda was found to be about three times higher than that for Kampala or Dar-es-Salaam, and a positive trend was found for the AI in Kampala and Dar-es-Salaam, whereas a negative trend was found for the AI in Serrekunda.
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A Decade Long, Multi-Scale Map Comparison of Fire Regime Parameters Derived from Three Publically Available Satellite-Based Fire Products: A Case Study in the Central African Republic. REMOTE SENSING 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/rs6054061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bouo FXDB, Kouamé JK, Tchétché Y, Kré RN, Moussé ML, Assamoi P, Cautenet S, Cautenet G. Redistribution of free tropospheric chemical species over West Africa: radicals (OH and HO₂), peroxide (H₂O₂) and acids (HNO₃ and H₂SO₄). CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:1617-1629. [PMID: 21684571 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the redistribution of chemical species (OH, HO(2), H(2)O(2), HNO(3) and H(2)SO(4)) over West Africa, where the cloud cover is ubiquitously present, and where deep convection often develops. In this area, because of these cloud systems, chemical species are redistributed by the ascending and descending flow, or leached if they are soluble. So, we carry out a mesoscale study using the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) coupled to a code of gas and aqueous chemistry (RAMS_Chemistry). It takes into account all processes under mesh. We examine several cases following the period (November and July), with inputs emissions (anthropogenic, biogenic and biomass burning). The radicals OH and HO(2) are an indicator of possibilities for chemical activity. They characterize the oxidizing power of the atmosphere and are very strong oxidants. The acids HNO(3) and H(2)SO(4) are interesting in their transformation into nitrates and sulfates in precipitation. In November, when photochemistry is active during an event of biomass burning, concentrations of chemical species are higher than those of November in the absence of biomass burning. The concentrations of nitric acid double and sulfuric acid increases 70times. In addition, the concentrations are even lower in July if there is a deep convection. Compared to measures of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA), the results and observations of radicals OH and HO(2) are the same order of magnitude. Emissions from biomass burning increase the concentrations of acid and peroxide, and a deep convection cloud allows the solubility and the washing out of species, reducing their concentration. Rainfalls play a major role in solubility and washing out acids, peroxides and radicals in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-X D B Bouo
- Université d'Abobo-Adjamé, UFR-SFA, Laboratoire de Physique Fondamentale et Appliquée (LPFA), 02 B.P. 801 Abidjan 02, Cote d'Ivoire.
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Vasileva AV, Moiseenko KB, Mayer JC, Jürgens N, Panov A, Heimann M, Andreae MO. Assessment of the regional atmospheric impact of wildfire emissions based on CO observations at the ZOTTO tall tower station in central Siberia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chédin A, Scott NA, Armante R, Pierangelo C, Crevoisier C, Fossé O, Ciais P. A quantitative link between CO2emissions from tropical vegetation fires and the daily tropospheric excess (DTE) of CO2seen by NOAA-10 (1987-1991). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Chédin
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; IPSL, Ecole Polytechnique; Palaiseau France
| | - N. A. Scott
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; IPSL, Ecole Polytechnique; Palaiseau France
| | - R. Armante
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; IPSL, Ecole Polytechnique; Palaiseau France
| | | | - C. Crevoisier
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; IPSL, Ecole Polytechnique; Palaiseau France
| | - O. Fossé
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; IPSL, Ecole Polytechnique; Palaiseau France
| | - P. Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; IPSL, CEA-Orme des Merisiers; Gif sur Yvette France
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Edwards DP, Emmons LK, Gille JC, Chu A, Attié JL, Giglio L, Wood SW, Haywood J, Deeter MN, Massie ST, Ziskin DC, Drummond JR. Satellite-observed pollution from Southern Hemisphere biomass burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Palacios-Orueta A, Chuvieco E, Parra A, Carmona-Moreno C. Biomass burning emissions: a review of models using remote-sensing data. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2005; 104:189-209. [PMID: 15931987 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-1611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Palacios-Orueta
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
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Chédin A. Impact of tropical biomass burning emissions on the diurnal cycle of upper tropospheric CO2retrieved from NOAA 10 satellite observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Paton-Walsh C, Jones NB, Wilson SR, Haverd V, Meier A, Griffith DWT, Rinsland CP. Measurements of trace gas emissions from Australian forest fires and correlations with coincident measurements of aerosol optical depth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Trentmann J. An analysis of the chemical processes in the smoke plume from a savanna fire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gros V, Williams J, Lawrence MG, von Kuhlmann R, van Aardenne J, Atlas E, Chuck A, Edwards DP, Stroud V, Krol M. Tracing the origin and ages of interlaced atmospheric pollution events over the tropical Atlantic Ocean with in situ measurements, satellites, trajectories, emission inventories, and global models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Gros
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - J. Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | | | | | | | - E. Atlas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Chuck
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - D. P. Edwards
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - V. Stroud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Krol
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht Netherlands
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Trentmann J, Andreae MO, Graf H. Chemical processes in a young biomass‐burning plume. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Trentmann
- Biogeochemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany
- Now at Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meinrat O. Andreae
- Biogeochemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany
| | - Hans‐F. Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg Germany
- Now at Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Govaerts YM. Impact of fires on surface albedo dynamics over the African continent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Galy-Lacaux C, Carmichael GR, Song CH, Lacaux JP, Al Ourabi H, Modi AI. Heterogeneous processes involving nitrogenous compounds and Saharan dust inferred from measurements and model calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cros B, Delon C, Affre C, Marion T, Druilhet A, Perros PE, Lopez A. Sources and sinks of ozone in savanna and forest areas during EXPRESSO: Airborne turbulent flux measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Delon C, Druilhet A, Delmas R, Greenberg J. Aircraft assessment of trace compound fluxes in the atmosphere with relaxed eddy Accumulation: Sensitivity to the conditions of selection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Greenberg JP, Guenther AB, Madronich S, Baugh W, Ginoux P, Druilhet A, Delmas R, Delon C. Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in central Africa during the Experiment for the Regional Sources and Sinks of Oxidants (EXPRESSO) biomass burning season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cautenet S, Poulet D, Delon C, Delmas R, Grégoire JM, Pereira JM, Cherchali S, Amram O, Flouzat G. Simulation of carbon monoxide redistribution over central Africa during biomass burning events (Experiment for Regional Sources and Sinks of Oxidants (EXPRESSO)). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Guenther A, Baugh B, Brasseur G, Greenberg J, Harley P, Klinger L, Serça D, Vierling L. Isoprene emission estimates and uncertainties for the central African EXPRESSO study domain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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