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Ojha N, Naja M, Singh KP, Sarangi T, Kumar R, Lal S, Lawrence MG, Butler TM, Chandola HC. Variabilities in ozone at a semi-urban site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain region: Association with the meteorology and regional processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Weiss RF, Prinn RG. Quantifying greenhouse-gas emissions from atmospheric measurements: a critical reality check for climate legislation. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:1925-1942. [PMID: 21502167 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Emissions reduction legislation relies upon 'bottom-up' accounting of industrial and biogenic greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions at their sources. Yet, even for relatively well-constrained industrial GHGs, global emissions based on 'top-down' methods that use atmospheric measurements often agree poorly with the reported bottom-up emissions. For emissions reduction legislation to be effective, it is essential that these discrepancies be resolved. Because emissions are regulated nationally or regionally, not globally, top-down estimates must also be determined at these scales. High-frequency atmospheric GHG measurements at well-chosen station locations record 'pollution events' above the background values that result from regional emissions. By combining such measurements with inverse methods and atmospheric transport and chemistry models, it is possible to map and quantify regional emissions. Even with the sparse current network of measurement stations and current inverse-modelling techniques, it is possible to rival the accuracies of regional 'bottom-up' emission estimates for some GHGs. But meeting the verification goals of emissions reduction legislation will require major increases in the density and types of atmospheric observations, as well as expanded inverse-modelling capabilities. The cost of this effort would be minor when compared with current investments in carbon-equivalent trading, and would reduce the volatility of that market and increase investment in emissions reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray F Weiss
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA.
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Deushi M, Shibata K. Development of a Meteorological Research Institute Chemistry-Climate Model version 2 for the Study of Tropospheric and Stratospheric Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2467/mripapers.62.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Lee JD, Moller SJ, Read KA, Lewis AC, Mendes L, Carpenter LJ. Year-round measurements of nitrogen oxides and ozone in the tropical North Atlantic marine boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yashiro H, Sugawara S, Sudo K, Aoki S, Nakazawa T. Temporal and spatial variations of carbon monoxide over the western part of the Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Huang J, Golombek A, Prinn R, Weiss R, Fraser P, Simmonds P, Dlugokencky EJ, Hall B, Elkins J, Steele P, Langenfelds R, Krummel P, Dutton G, Porter L. Estimation of regional emissions of nitrous oxide from 1997 to 2005 using multinetwork measurements, a chemical transport model, and an inverse method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical forest. Nature 2008; 452:737-40. [PMID: 18401407 DOI: 10.1038/nature06870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Terrestrial vegetation, especially tropical rain forest, releases vast quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere, which are removed by oxidation reactions and deposition of reaction products. The oxidation is mainly initiated by hydroxyl radicals (OH), primarily formed through the photodissociation of ozone. Previously it was thought that, in unpolluted air, biogenic VOCs deplete OH and reduce the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Conversely, in polluted air VOC oxidation leads to noxious oxidant build-up by the catalytic action of nitrogen oxides (NO(x) = NO + NO2). Here we report aircraft measurements of atmospheric trace gases performed over the pristine Amazon forest. Our data reveal unexpectedly high OH concentrations. We propose that natural VOC oxidation, notably of isoprene, recycles OH efficiently in low-NO(x) air through reactions of organic peroxy radicals. Computations with an atmospheric chemistry model and the results of laboratory experiments suggest that an OH recycling efficiency of 40-80 per cent in isoprene oxidation may be able to explain the high OH levels we observed in the field. Although further laboratory studies are necessary to explore the chemical mechanism responsible for OH recycling in more detail, our results demonstrate that the biosphere maintains a remarkable balance with the atmospheric environment.
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Kinnison DE, Brasseur GP, Walters S, Garcia RR, Marsh DR, Sassi F, Harvey VL, Randall CE, Emmons L, Lamarque JF, Hess P, Orlando JJ, Tie XX, Randel W, Pan LL, Gettelman A, Granier C, Diehl T, Niemeier U, Simmons AJ. Sensitivity of chemical tracers to meteorological parameters in the MOZART-3 chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shepon A, Gildor H, Labrador LJ, Butler T, Ganzeveld LN, Lawrence MG. Global reactive nitrogen deposition from lightning NOx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu S, Mickley LJ, Jacob DJ, Logan JA, Yantosca RM, Rind D. Why are there large differences between models in global budgets of tropospheric ozone? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Verma S, Boucher O, Reddy MS, Upadhyaya HC, Le Van P, Binkowski FS, Sharma OP. Modeling and analysis of aerosol processes in an interactive chemistry general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gamnitzer U, Karstens U, Kromer B, Neubert REM, Meijer HAJ, Schroeder H, Levin I. Carbon monoxide: A quantitative tracer for fossil fuel CO2? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shindell DT, Faluvegi G, Stevenson DS, Krol MC, Emmons LK, Lamarque JF, Pétron G, Dentener FJ, Ellingsen K, Schultz MG, Wild O, Amann M, Atherton CS, Bergmann DJ, Bey I, Butler T, Cofala J, Collins WJ, Derwent RG, Doherty RM, Drevet J, Eskes HJ, Fiore AM, Gauss M, Hauglustaine DA, Horowitz LW, Isaksen ISA, Lawrence MG, Montanaro V, Müller JF, Pitari G, Prather MJ, Pyle JA, Rast S, Rodriguez JM, Sanderson MG, Savage NH, Strahan SE, Sudo K, Szopa S, Unger N, van Noije TPC, Zeng G. Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Varotsos C, Kirk-Davidoff D. Long-memory processes in ozone and temperature variations at the region 60° S–60° N. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2006; 6:4093-4100. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-6-4093-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Global column ozone and tropospheric temperature observations made by ground-based (1964–2004) and satellite-borne (1978–2004) instrumentation are analyzed. Ozone and temperature fluctuations in small time-intervals are found to be positively correlated to those in larger time-intervals in a power-law fashion. For temperature, the exponent of this dependence is larger in the mid-latitudes than in the tropics at long time scales, while for ozone, the exponent is larger in tropics than in the mid-latitudes. In general, greater persistence could be a result of either stronger positive feedbacks or larger inertia. Therefore, the increased slope of the power distribution of temperature in mid-latitudes at long time scales compared to the slope in the tropics could be connected to the poleward increase in climate sensitivity predicted by the global climate models. The detrended fluctuation analysis of model and observed time series provides a helpful tool for visualizing errors in the treatment of long-range correlations, whose correct modeling would greatly enhance confidence in long-term climate and atmospheric chemistry modeling.
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Chen YH, Prinn RG. Estimation of atmospheric methane emissions between 1996 and 2001 using a three-dimensional global chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- Center for Global Change Science, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Ronald G. Prinn
- Center for Global Change Science, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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16
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Stevenson DS, Dentener FJ, Schultz MG, Ellingsen K, van Noije TPC, Wild O, Zeng G, Amann M, Atherton CS, Bell N, Bergmann DJ, Bey I, Butler T, Cofala J, Collins WJ, Derwent RG, Doherty RM, Drevet J, Eskes HJ, Fiore AM, Gauss M, Hauglustaine DA, Horowitz LW, Isaksen ISA, Krol MC, Lamarque JF, Lawrence MG, Montanaro V, Müller JF, Pitari G, Prather MJ, Pyle JA, Rast S, Rodriguez JM, Sanderson MG, Savage NH, Shindell DT, Strahan SE, Sudo K, Szopa S. Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kunhikrishnan T, Lawrence MG, von Kuhlmann R, Wenig MO, Asman WAH, Richter A, Burrows JP. Regional NOxemission strength for the Indian subcontinent and the impact of emissions from India and neighboring countries on regional O3chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Jiménez P, Lelieveld J, Baldasano JM. Multiscale modeling of air pollutants dynamics in the northwestern Mediterranean basin during a typical summertime episode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Velazco V. Latitude and altitude variability of carbon monoxide in the Atlantic detected from ship-borne Fourier transform spectrometry, model, and satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Lucas DD, Prinn RG. Sensitivities of gas-phase dimethylsulfide oxidation products to the assumed mechanisms in a chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Butler TM, Rayner PJ, Simmonds I, Lawrence MG. Simultaneous mass balance inverse modeling of methane and carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Chen YH. Atmospheric modeling of high- and low-frequency methane observations: Importance of interannually varying transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Lamarque JF. Assessing future nitrogen deposition and carbon cycle feedback using a multimodel approach: Analysis of nitrogen deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gros V, Williams J, Lawrence MG, von Kuhlmann R, van Aardenne J, Atlas E, Chuck A, Edwards DP, Stroud V, Krol M. Tracing the origin and ages of interlaced atmospheric pollution events over the tropical Atlantic Ocean with in situ measurements, satellites, trajectories, emission inventories, and global models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Gros
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - J. Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | | | | | | | - E. Atlas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Chuck
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - D. P. Edwards
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - V. Stroud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Krol
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht; Utrecht University; Utrecht Netherlands
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Hauglustaine DA, Hourdin F, Jourdain L, Filiberti MA, Walters S, Lamarque JF, Holland EA. Interactive chemistry in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique general circulation model: Description and background tropospheric chemistry evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Hauglustaine
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - F. Hourdin
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université de Paris 6; Paris France
| | - L. Jourdain
- Service d'Aéronomie, Université de Paris 6; Paris France
| | - M.-A. Filiberti
- Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université de Paris 6; Paris France
| | - S. Walters
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J.-F. Lamarque
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. A. Holland
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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Rotman DA, Atherton CS, Bergmann DJ, Cameron-Smith PJ, Chuang CC, Connell PS, Dignon JE, Franz A, Grant KE, Kinnison DE, Molenkamp CR, Proctor DD, Tannahill JR. IMPACT, the LLNL 3-D global atmospheric chemical transport model for the combined troposphere and stratosphere: Model description and analysis of ozone and other trace gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Rotman
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - C. S. Atherton
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - D. J. Bergmann
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - P. J. Cameron-Smith
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - C. C. Chuang
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - P. S. Connell
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - J. E. Dignon
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - A. Franz
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - K. E. Grant
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - D. E. Kinnison
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - C. R. Molenkamp
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - D. D. Proctor
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - J. R. Tannahill
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
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28
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Wong S. A global climate-chemistry model study of present-day tropospheric chemistry and radiative forcing from changes in tropospheric O3since the preindustrial period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Li Q. Export of NOyfrom the North American boundary layer: Reconciling aircraft observations and global model budgets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Lamarque JF. Application of a bias estimator for the improved assimilation of Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) carbon monoxide retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Horowitz LW, Walters S, Mauzerall DL, Emmons LK, Rasch PJ, Granier C, Tie X, Lamarque JF, Schultz MG, Tyndall GS, Orlando JJ, Brasseur GP. A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: Description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 733] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larry W. Horowitz
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; NOAA; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Stacy Walters
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | - Philip J. Rasch
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Claire Granier
- Aeronomy Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
- Service d'Aeronomie; University of Paris; Paris France
| | - Xuexi Tie
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | | | - John J. Orlando
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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Trentmann J, Andreae MO, Graf H. Chemical processes in a young biomass‐burning plume. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Trentmann
- Biogeochemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany
- Now at Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meinrat O. Andreae
- Biogeochemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany
| | - Hans‐F. Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg Germany
- Now at Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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von Kuhlmann R, Lawrence MG, Crutzen PJ, Rasch PJ. A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons: Model description and ozone results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip J. Rasch
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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Jost C, Trentmann J, Sprung D, Andreae MO, McQuaid JB, Barjat H. Trace gas chemistry in a young biomass burning plume over Namibia: Observations and model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Jost
- Biogeochemistry Department; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - Jörg Trentmann
- Biogeochemistry Department; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - Detlev Sprung
- Biogeochemistry Department; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - Meinrat O. Andreae
- Biogeochemistry Department; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - James B. McQuaid
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of the Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Hannah Barjat
- Meteorological Research Flight; Meteorological Office; Bracknell UK
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35
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Martin RV, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Chin M, Ginoux P. Global and regional decreases in tropospheric oxidants from photochemical effects of aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randall V. Martin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Mian Chin
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Paul Ginoux
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
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36
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von Kuhlmann R. A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons: Model evaluation of ozone-related species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Fusco AC. Analysis of 1970–1995 trends in tropospheric ozone at Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes with the GEOS-CHEM model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Zhang X. Numerical modeling of lightning-produced NOxusing an explicit lightning scheme: 1. Two-dimensional simulation as a “proof of concept”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Sudo K, Takahashi M, Akimoto H. CHASER: A global chemical model of the troposphere 2. Model results and evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sudo
- Center for Climate System Research; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaaki Takahashi
- Center for Climate System Research; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Lelieveld J, Berresheim H, Borrmann S, Crutzen PJ, Dentener FJ, Fischer H, Feichter J, Flatau PJ, Heland J, Holzinger R, Korrmann R, Lawrence MG, Levin Z, Markowicz KM, Mihalopoulos N, Minikin A, Ramanathan V, De Reus M, Roelofs GJ, Scheeren HA, Sciare J, Schlager H, Schultz M, Siegmund P, Steil B, Stephanou EG, Stier P, Traub M, Warneke C, Williams J, Ziereis H. Global air pollution crossroads over the Mediterranean. Science 2002; 298:794-9. [PMID: 12399583 DOI: 10.1126/science.1075457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study, performed in the summer of 2001, uncovered air pollution layers from the surface to an altitude of 15 kilometers. In the boundary layer, air pollution standards are exceeded throughout the region, caused by West and East European pollution from the north. Aerosol particles also reduce solar radiation penetration to the surface, which can suppress precipitation. In the middle troposphere, Asian and to a lesser extent North American pollution is transported from the west. Additional Asian pollution from the east, transported from the monsoon in the upper troposphere, crosses the Mediterranean tropopause, which pollutes the lower stratosphere at middle latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Post Office Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany.
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41
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Sudo K, Takahashi M, Kurokawa JI, Akimoto H. CHASER: A global chemical model of the troposphere 1. Model description. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sudo
- Center for Climate System Research; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaaki Takahashi
- Center for Climate System Research; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kurokawa
- Systems Department, Environmental Systems Business Division; Fujitsu FIP Corporation; Tokyo Japan
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42
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Kettle AJ. Global budget of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide: Temporal and spatial variations of the dominant sources and sinks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Fiore AM. Background ozone over the United States in summer: Origin, trend, and contribution to pollution episodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Mahowald NM. Stratospheric transport in a three-dimensional isentropic coordinate model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Jöckel P. Evaluation of stratosphere–troposphere exchange and the hydroxyl radical distribution in three-dimensional global atmospheric models using observations of cosmogenic14CO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Martin RV. Interpretation of TOMS observations of tropical tropospheric ozone with a global model and in situ observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Reiner T, Sprung D, Jost C, Gabriel R, Mayol-Bracero OL, Andreae MO, Campos TL, Shelter RE. Chemical characterization of pollution layers over the tropical Indian Ocean: Signatures of emissions from biomass and fossil fuel burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Bey I, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Logan JA, Field BD, Fiore AM, Li Q, Liu HY, Mickley LJ, Schultz MG. Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1659] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Prinn RG, Huang J, Weiss RF, Cunnold DM, Fraser PJ, Simmonds PG, McCulloch A, Harth C, Salameh P, O'Doherty S, Wang RH, Porter L, Miller BR. Evidence for substantial variations of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals in the past two decades. Science 2001; 292:1882-8. [PMID: 11337586 DOI: 10.1126/science.1058673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the dominant oxidizing chemical in the atmosphere. It destroys most air pollutants and many gases involved in ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect. Global measurements of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CH3CCl3, methyl chloroform) provide an accurate method for determining the global and hemispheric behavior of OH. Measurements show that CH3CCl3 levels rose steadily from 1978 to reach a maximum in 1992 and then decreased rapidly to levels in 2000 that were lower than the levels when measurements began in 1978. Analysis of these observations shows that global OH levels were growing between 1978 and 1988, but the growth rate was decreasing at a rate of 0.23 +/- 0.18% year(-2), so that OH levels began declining after 1988. Overall, the global average OH trend between 1978 and 2000 was -0.64 +/- 0.60% year(-1). These variations imply important and unexpected gaps in current understanding of the capability of the atmosphere to cleanse itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Prinn
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Kettle AJ, Rhee TS, von Hobe M, Poulton A, Aiken J, Andreae MO. Assessing the flux of different volatile sulfur gases from the ocean to the atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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