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Ye X, Zhang L, Wang X, Lu X, Jiang Z, Lu N, Li D, Xu J. Spatial and temporal variations of surface background ozone in China analyzed with the grid-stretching capability of GEOS-Chem High Performance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169909. [PMID: 38185162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Surface background ozone, defined as the ozone in the absence of domestic anthropogenic emissions, is important for developing emission reduction strategies. Here we apply the recently developed GEOS-Chem High Performance (GCHP) global atmospheric chemistry model with ∼0.5° stretched resolution over China to understand the sources of Chinese background ozone (CNB) in the metric of daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) and to identify the drivers of its interannual variability (IAV) from 2015 to 2019. The GCHP ozone simulations over China are evaluated with an ensemble of surface and aircraft measurements. The five-year national-mean CNB ozone is estimated as 37.9 ppbv, with a spatially west-to-southeast downward gradient (55 to 25 ppbv) and a summer peak (42.5 ppbv). High background levels in western China are due to abundant transport from the free troposphere and adjacent foreign regions, while in eastern China, domestic formation from surface natural precursors is also important. We find greater importance of soil nitric oxides (NOx) than biogenic volatile organic compound emissions to CNB ozone in summer (6.4 vs. 3.9 ppbv), as ozone formation becomes increasingly NOx-sensitive when suppressing anthropogenic emissions. The percentage of daily CNB ozone to total surface ozone generally decreases with increasing daily total ozone, indicating an increased contribution of domestic anthropogenic emissions on polluted days. CNB ozone shows the largest IAV in summer, with standard deviations (seasonal means) of ∼5 ppbv over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and >3.5 ppbv in eastern China. CNB values in QTP are strongly correlated with horizontal circulation anomalies in the middle troposphere, while soil NOx emissions largely drive the IAV in the east. El Nino can inhibit CNB ozone formation in Southeast China by increased precipitation and lower temperature locally in spring, but enhance CNB in Southwest China through increased biomass burning emissions in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpei Ye
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjing Jiang
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, United States of America
| | - Ni Lu
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Carrigan CR, Sun Y, Simpson MD. The characteristic release of noble gases from an underground nuclear explosion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 196:91-97. [PMID: 30412838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prompt release of gases at the ground surface resulting from explosively propagated vents or large operational releases has typically been considered to be the only mode of transport for detonation gases from an underground nuclear explosion (UNE) giving rise to detectable levels of radioxenon gases in downwind atmospheric samples captured at distances exceeding 100 km. Using a model for thermally and barometrically driven post-detonation transport across the broad surface of a simulated UNE site, we show in conjunction with the results of an atmospheric tracer-release experiment that even deep, well-contained UNEs, without prompt vents or leaks, are potentially detectable tens of kilometers downwind with current technology; distances that are significant for localizing the source of detected atmospheric signals during on-site monitoring or inspection. For a given yield, the bulk permeability of the UNE site and to a lesser extent the depth of detonation appear to be the primary source-term parameters controlling the distance of detection from the detonation point. We find for test-site bulk permeabilities exceeding 1 darcy (10-12 m2) that broad-area surface fluxes of radioxenon gas exhibit exponential dependence on permeability resulting in order-of-magnitude enhancements of surface flux for changes in permeability of only a darcy. Simulations of subsurface transport assuming a canonical detonation-depth-versus-nuclear-yield relationship generally resulted in larger atmospheric signals for shallower, lower-yield explosions allowing downwind detection at distances greater than 1000 km. Additionally, atmospheric simulations suggest that the lowest atmospheric boundary layer heights, such as occur at night, produced concentrations above minimum detectable levels at the greatest distances downwind.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunwei Sun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
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Knowland KE, Ott LE, Duncan BN, Wargan K. Stratospheric intrusion-influenced ozone air quality exceedances investigated in the NASA MERRA-2 Reanalysis. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 44:10691-10701. [PMID: 32692318 PMCID: PMC7370994 DOI: 10.1002/2017gl074532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stratospheric intrusions have been the interest of decades of research for their ability to bring stratospheric ozone (O3) into the troposphere with the potential to enhance surface O3 concentrations. However, these intrusions have been misrepresented in models and reanalyses until recently, as the features of a stratospheric intrusion are best identified in horizontal resolutions of 50 km or smaller. NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version-2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis is a publicly-available high-resolution dataset (~50 km) with assimilated O3 that characterizes O3 on the same spatiotemporal resolution as the meteorology. We demonstrate the science capabilities of the MERRA-2 reanalysis when applied to the evaluation of stratospheric intrusions that impact surface air quality. This is demonstrated through a case study analysis of stratospheric intrusion-influenced O3 exceedences in spring 2012 in Colorado, using a combination of observations, the MERRA-2 reanalysis and the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR)
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - L E Ott
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - B N Duncan
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - K Wargan
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Lanham, Maryland, USA
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Ott LE, Duncan BN, Thompson AM, Diskin G, Fasnacht Z, Langford AO, Lin M, Molod AM, Nielsen JE, Pusede SE, Wargan K, Weinheimer AJ, Yoshida Y. Frequency and Impact of Summertime Stratospheric Intrusions over Maryland during DISCOVER-AQ (2011): New Evidence from NASA's GEOS-5 Simulations. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; Volume 121:3687-3706. [PMID: 32021738 PMCID: PMC6999667 DOI: 10.1002/2015jd024052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aircraft observations and ozonesonde profiles collected on July 14 and 27, 2011, during the Maryland month-long DISCOVER-AQ campaign, indicate the presence of stratospheric air just above the planetary boundary layer (PBL). This raises the question of whether summer stratospheric intrusions (SIs) elevate surface ozone levels and to what degree they influence background ozone levels and contribute to ozone production. We used idealized stratospheric air tracers, along with observations, to determine the frequency and extent of SIs in Maryland during July 2011. On 4 of 14 flight days, SIs were detected in layers that the aircraft encountered above the PBL from the coincidence of enhanced ozone, moderate CO, and low moisture. Satellite observations of lower tropospheric humidity confirmed the occurrence of synoptic scale influence of SIs as do simulations with the GEOS-5 Atmospheric General Circulation Model. The evolution of GEOS-5 stratospheric air tracers agree with the timing and location of observed stratospheric influence and indicate that more than 50% of air in SI layers above the PBL had resided in the stratosphere within the previous 14 days. Despite having a strong influence in the lower free troposphere, these events did not significantly affect surface ozone, which remained low on intrusion days. The model indicates similar frequencies of stratospheric influence during all summers from 2009-2013. GEOS-5 results suggest that, over Maryland, the strong inversion capping the summer PBL limits downward mixing of stratospheric air during much of the day, helping to preserve low surface ozone associated with frontal passages that precede SIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley E Ott
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | | | | | | | - Zachary Fasnacht
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Andrew O Langford
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Meiyun Lin
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University and NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Andrea M Molod
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park Park, MD USA
| | - J Eric Nielsen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD USA
| | - Sally E Pusede
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Wargan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD USA
| | | | - Yasuko Yoshida
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD USA
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Miao Y, Liu S, Zheng Y, Wang S, Chen B, Zheng H, Zhao J. Numerical study of the effects of local atmospheric circulations on a pollution event over Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 30:9-20. [PMID: 25872705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the Chinese central government is considering plans to build a trilateral economic sphere in the Bohai Bay area, including Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (BTH), where haze pollution frequently occurs. To achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to understand the physical mechanism of the haze pollution there. Therefore, the pollutant transport mechanisms of a haze event over the BTH region from 23 to 24 September 2011 were studied using the Weather Research and Forecasting model and the FLEXible-PARTicle dispersion model to understand the effects of the local atmospheric circulations and atmospheric boundary layer structure. Results suggested that the penetration by sea-breeze could strengthen the vertical dispersion by lifting up the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and carry the local pollutants to the downstream areas; in the early night, two elevated pollution layers (EPLs) may be generated over the mountain areas: the pollutants in the upper EPL at the altitude of 2-2.5 km were favored to disperse by long-range transport, while the lower EPL at the altitude of 1 km may serve as a reservoir, and the pollutants there could be transported downward and contribute to the surface air pollution. The intensity of the sea-land and mountain-valley breeze circulations played an important role in the vertical transport and distribution of pollutants. It was also found that the diurnal evolution of the PBLH is important for the vertical dispersion of the pollutants, which is strongly affected by the local atmospheric circulations and the distribution of urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Miao
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuhua Liu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yijia Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingchuan Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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Meteorological Influences on Trace Gas Transport along the North Atlantic Coast during ICARTT 2004. ATMOSPHERE 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos5040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Lin M, Fiore AM, Cooper OR, Horowitz LW, Langford AO, Levy H, Johnson BJ, Naik V, Oltmans SJ, Senff CJ. Springtime high surface ozone events over the western United States: Quantifying the role of stratospheric intrusions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd018151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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An X, Henne S, Yao B, Vollmer MK, Zhou L, Li Y. Estimating emissions of HCFC-22 and CFC-11 in China by atmospheric observations and inverse modeling. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Monteiro A, Strunk A, Carvalho A, Tchepel O, Miranda AI, Borrego C, Saavedra S, Rodríguez A, Souto J, Casares J, Friese E, Elbern H. Investigating a high ozone episode in a rural mountain site. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 162:176-189. [PMID: 22243863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A very high ozone episode with observed hourly values above 350 μg m(-3) occurred in July 2005 at the Lamas d'Olo air quality monitoring station, located in a mountainous area in the north of Portugal. Aiming to identify the origin and formation of this ozone-rich episode, a statistical analysis and a modelling approach were applied. A cross-spectrum analysis in the frequency domain and a synoptic analysis of the meteorological and air quality time series were performed. In order to go further in this analysis, a numerical modelling approach was applied. The results indicate that the transport of ozone and its precursors is the main responsible for the high ozone concentrations. Together with the local mountain breeze and subsidence conditions, the sea-breeze circulation transporting pollutants from the coastal urban and industrialized areas that reach the site during late afternoon turn out to be the driving forces for the ozone peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Monteiro
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Lin M, Fiore AM, Horowitz LW, Cooper OR, Naik V, Holloway J, Johnson BJ, Middlebrook AM, Oltmans SJ, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Warner JX, Wiedinmyer C, Wilson J, Wyman B. Transport of Asian ozone pollution into surface air over the western United States in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Langford AO, Brioude J, Cooper OR, Senff CJ, Alvarez RJ, Hardesty RM, Johnson BJ, Oltmans SJ. Stratospheric influence on surface ozone in the Los Angeles area during late spring and early summer of 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Cui J, Pandey Deolal S, Sprenger M, Henne S, Staehelin J, Steinbacher M, Nédélec P. Free tropospheric ozone changes over Europe as observed at Jungfraujoch (1990–2008): An analysis based on backward trajectories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Bourgeois Q, Bey I. Pollution transport efficiency toward the Arctic: Sensitivity to aerosol scavenging and source regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Tripathi OP, Jennings SG, O'Dowd CD, Coleman L, Leinert S, O'Leary B, Moran E, O'Doherty SJ, Spain TG. Statistical analysis of eight surface ozone measurement series for various sites in Ireland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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16
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17
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Fang Y, Fiore AM, Horowitz LW, Gnanadesikan A, Levy H, Hu Y, Russell AG. Estimating the contribution of strong daily export events to total pollutant export from the United States in summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Ding A, Wang T, Xue L, Gao J, Stohl A, Lei H, Jin D, Ren Y, Wang X, Wei X, Qi Y, Liu J, Zhang X. Transport of north China air pollution by midlatitude cyclones: Case study of aircraft measurements in summer 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Koumoutsaris S, Bey I, Generoso S, Thouret V. Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the interannual variability of tropospheric ozone in the northern midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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White ML, Russo RS, Zhou Y, Mao H, Varner RK, Ambrose J, Veres P, Wingenter OW, Haase K, Stutz J, Talbot R, Sive BC. Volatile organic compounds in northern New England marine and continental environments during the ICARTT 2004 campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Holzer M, Hall TM. Tropospheric transport climate partitioned by surface origin and transit time. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Choi Y, Vay SA, Vadrevu KP, Soja AJ, Woo JH, Nolf SR, Sachse GW, Diskin GS, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Singh HB, Avery MA, Fried A, Pfister L, Fuelberg HE. Characteristics of the atmospheric CO2signal as observed over the conterminous United States during INTEX-NA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Pan LL, Bowman KP, Shapiro M, Randel WJ, Gao RS, Campos T, Davis C, Schauffler S, Ridley BA, Wei JC, Barnet C. Chemical behavior of the tropopause observed during the Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Ravetta F, Ancellet G, Colette A, Schlager H. Long-range transport and tropospheric ozone variability in the western Mediterranean region during the Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP-2004) campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ravetta
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - A. Colette
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - H. Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
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25
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Wang KY. Long-range transport of the April 2001 dust clouds over the subtropical East Asia and the North Pacific and its impacts on ground-level air pollution: A Lagrangian simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Avey L, Garrett TJ, Stohl A. Evaluation of the aerosol indirect effect using satellite, tracer transport model, and aircraft data from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Avey
- Meteorology Department; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - T. J. Garrett
- Meteorology Department; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - A. Stohl
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
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27
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Auvray M, Bey I, Llull E, Schultz MG, Rast S. A model investigation of tropospheric ozone chemical tendencies in long-range transported pollution plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Lewis AC, Evans MJ, Methven J, Watson N, Lee JD, Hopkins JR, Purvis RM, Arnold SR, McQuaid JB, Whalley LK, Pilling MJ, Heard DE, Monks PS, Parker AE, Reeves CE, Oram DE, Mills G, Bandy BJ, Stewart D, Coe H, Williams P, Crosier J. Chemical composition observed over the mid-Atlantic and the detection of pollution signatures far from source regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - M. J. Evans
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - J. Methven
- Department of Meteorology; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - N. Watson
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - J. D. Lee
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - J. R. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. M. Purvis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - S. R. Arnold
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - J. B. McQuaid
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - L. K. Whalley
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - M. J. Pilling
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - D. E. Heard
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - P. S. Monks
- Department of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - A. E. Parker
- Department of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - C. E. Reeves
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - D. E. Oram
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - G. Mills
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - B. J. Bandy
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - D. Stewart
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - H. Coe
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - P. Williams
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - J. Crosier
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
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Leclair De Bellevue J, Réchou A, Baray JL, Ancellet G, Diab RD. Signatures of stratosphere to troposphere transport near deep convective events in the southern subtropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Singh HB, Brune WH, Crawford JH, Jacob DJ, Russell PB. Overview of the summer 2004 Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America (INTEX-A). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Kiley CM, Fuelberg HE. An examination of summertime cyclone transport processes during Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-A). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Fehsenfeld FC, Ancellet G, Bates TS, Goldstein AH, Hardesty RM, Honrath R, Law KS, Lewis AC, Leaitch R, McKeen S, Meagher J, Parrish DD, Pszenny AAP, Russell PB, Schlager H, Seinfeld J, Talbot R, Zbinden R. International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe-Overview of the 2004 summer field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. M. Hardesty
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - K. S. Law
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. Leaitch
- Science and Technology Branch; Environment Canada; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - S. McKeen
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Meagher
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. A. P. Pszenny
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - P. B. Russell
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - H. Schlager
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling Germany
| | - J. Seinfeld
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. Zbinden
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées; UMR 5560, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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33
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Millet DB, Goldstein AH, Holzinger R, Williams BJ, Allan JD, Jimenez JL, Worsnop DR, Roberts JM, White AB, Hudman RC, Bertschi IT, Stohl A. Chemical characteristics of North American surface layer outflow: Insights from Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B. Millet
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Rupert Holzinger
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Brent J. Williams
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - James D. Allan
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Science; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - José L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | - Allen B. White
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Rynda C. Hudman
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Isaac T. Bertschi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington; Bothell Washington USA
| | - Andreas Stohl
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
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34
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Owen RC, Cooper OR, Stohl A, Honrath RE. An analysis of the mechanisms of North American pollutant transport to the central North Atlantic lower free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Owen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - O. R. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado/NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Stohl
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - R. E. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
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35
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36
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Jiménez P, Lelieveld J, Baldasano JM. Multiscale modeling of air pollutants dynamics in the northwestern Mediterranean basin during a typical summertime episode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Flentje H. Water vapor heterogeneity related to tropopause folds over the North Atlantic revealed by airborne water vapor differential absorption lidar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Hess PG. A comparison of two paradigms: The relative global roles of moist convective versus nonconvective transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Auvray M. Long-range transport to Europe: Seasonal variations and implications for the European ozone budget. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Huntrieser H. Intercontinental air pollution transport from North America to Europe: Experimental evidence from airborne measurements and surface observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Cooper OR. A springtime comparison of tropospheric ozone and transport pathways on the east and west coasts of the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Sapkota A, Symons JM, Kleissl J, Wang L, Parlange MB, Ondov J, Breysse PN, Diette GB, Eggleston PA, Buckley TJ. Impact of the 2002 Canadian forest fires on particulate matter air quality in Baltimore city. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:24-32. [PMID: 15667071 DOI: 10.1021/es035311z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With increasing evidence of adverse health effects associated with particulate matter (PM), the exposure impact of natural sources, such as forest fires, has substantial public health relevance. In addition to the threat to nearby communities, pollutants released from forest fires can travel thousands of kilometers to heavily populated urban areas. There was a dramatic increase in forest fire activity in the province of Quebec, Canada, during July 2002. The transport of PM released from these forest fires was examined using a combination of a moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer satellite image, back-trajectories using a hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory, and local light detection and ranging measurements. Time- and size-resolved PM was evaluated at three ambient and four indoor measurement sites using a combination of direct reading instruments (laser, time-of-flight aerosol spectrometer, nephelometer, and an oscillating microbalance). The transport and monitoring results consistently identified a forest fire related PM episode in Baltimore that occurred the first weekend of July 2002 and resulted in as much as a 30-fold increase in ambientfine PM. On the basis of tapered element oscillating microbalance measurements, the 24 h PM25 concentration reached 86 microg/m3 on July 7, 2002, exceeding the 24 h national ambient air quality standard. The episode was primarily comprised of particles less than 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter, highlighting the preferential transport of the fraction of PM that is of greatest health concern. Penetration of the ambient episode indoors was efficient (median indoor-to-outdoor ratio 0.91) such that the high ambient levels were similarly experienced indoors. These results are significant in demonstrating the impact of a natural source thousands of kilometers away on ambient levels of and potential exposures to air pollution within an urban center. This research highlights the significance of transboundary air pollution and the need for studies that assess the public health impacts associated with such sources and transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sapkota
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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43
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Liang Q. Meteorological indices for Asian outflow and transpacific transport on daily to interannual timescales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Cooper OR, Stohl A, Hübler G, Hsie EY, Parrish DD, Tuck AF, Kiladis GN, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Shapiro M, Moody JL, Lefohn AS. Direct transport of midlatitude stratospheric ozone into the lower troposphere and marine boundary layer of the tropical Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Oshima N, Koike M, Nakamura H, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Miyazaki Y, Blake DR, Shirai T, Kita K, Kawakami S, Ogawa T. Asian chemical outflow to the Pacific in late spring observed during the PEACE-B aircraft mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Oshima
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Nakamura
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - T. Shirai
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; Ibaraki University; Ibaraki Japan
| | - S. Kawakami
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
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46
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Cooper O, Forster C, Parrish D, Dunlea E, Hübler G, Fehsenfeld F, Holloway J, Oltmans S, Johnson B, Wimmers A, Horowitz L. On the life cycle of a stratospheric intrusion and its dispersion into polluted warm conveyor belts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Forster
- Department of Ecology; Technical University of Munich; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - D. Parrish
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. Dunlea
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Hübler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - J. Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Oltmans
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. Johnson
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Wimmers
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - L. Horowitz
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Princeton New Jersey USA
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47
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Cooper OR, Forster C, Parrish D, Trainer M, Dunlea E, Ryerson T, Hübler G, Fehsenfeld F, Nicks D, Holloway J, de Gouw J, Warneke C, Roberts JM, Flocke F, Moody J. A case study of transpacific warm conveyor belt transport: Influence of merging airstreams on trace gas import to North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. R. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Forster
- Department of Ecology; Technical University of Munich; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - D. Parrish
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Trainer
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. Dunlea
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. Ryerson
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Hübler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - D. Nicks
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. M. Roberts
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Flocke
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Moody
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
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48
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Jorba O, Pérez C, Rocadenbosch F, Baldasano J. Cluster Analysis of 4-Day Back Trajectories Arriving in the Barcelona Area, Spain, from 1997 to 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0887:caodbt>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Duncan BN. A modeling study of the export pathways of pollution from Europe: Seasonal and interannual variations (1987–1997). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Mari C. Export of Asian pollution during two cold front episodes of the TRACE-P experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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