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Strain-Rates from GPS Measurements in the Ordos Block, China: Implications for Geodynamics and Seismic Hazards. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A number of devastating earthquakes have occurred around the Ordos Block in recent history. For the purpose of studying where the next major event will occur surrounding the Ordos Block, much work has been done, particularly in the investigation of the Earth’s surface strain rates based on GPS measurements. However, there exist striking differences between the results from different authors although they used almost the same GPS data. Therefore, we validated the method for the calculation of GPS strain rates developed by Zhu et al. (2005, 2006) and found that the method is feasible and has high precision. With this approach and the updated GPS data, we calculated the strain rates in the region around the Ordos Block. The computed results show that the total strain rates in the interior of the Block are very small, and the high values are mainly concentrated on the peripheral zones of the Ordos Block and along the large-scale active faults, such as the Haiyuan fault, which are closely aligned to the results by geological and geophysical observations. Additionally, the strain rate results demonstrated that all rifted grabens on the margin of the Ordos Block exhibit extensional deformation. Finally, based on the strain rate, seismicity, and tectonic structures, we present some areas of high earthquake risk surrounding the Ordos Block in the future, which are located on the westernmost of the Weihe Graben, both the east and westernmost of the Hetao Graben, and in the middle of the Shanxi Graben. Hence, this work is significant in contributing to a better understanding of the geodynamics and seismic hazard assessment.
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Kim J, Holt WE, Bahadori A, Shen W. Repeating Nontectonic Seasonal Stress Changes and a Possible Triggering Mechanism of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence in California. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2021; 126:e2021JB022188. [PMID: 35860427 PMCID: PMC9285800 DOI: 10.1029/2021jb022188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we characterize the 13-year history of nontectonic horizontal strain anomalies across the regions surrounding Ridgecrest, CA, using cGPS data from January 2007. This time-dependent model reveals a seasonality in the nontectonic strain anomalies and the associated Coulomb stress changes of ∼±0.5-2 kPa. In the area surrounding the epicenters of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence of July, we find that the seasonal preseismic Coulomb stress changes peaked every early summer (May and June) during the last 13 years including during June 2019, a month prior to the large events. In addition, our statistical tests confirm that more strike-slip earthquakes (Mw ≥ 2) occur during times when seasonal stress changes are increasing on right-lateral faults in comparison with times when stresses are decreasing. These results suggest that the timing of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes may have been modulated by nontectonic seasonal stress changes. The dynamic source of the seasonal nontectonic strain/stress anomalies, however, remains enigmatic. We discuss a possible combination of driving forces that may be attributable for the seasonal variations in nontectonic strain/stress anomalies, which captured in cGPS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeop Kim
- Department of GeosciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | - William E. Holt
- Department of GeosciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
| | | | - Weisen Shen
- Department of GeosciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA
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Wang L, Yu H. Weighted total least-squares joint adjustment with weight correction factors. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2018.1468450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyang Wang
- Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology and Geographical Environment Monitoring, NASG, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory for Digital Land, Nanchang, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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A Fine Velocity and Strain Rate Field of Present-Day Crustal Motion of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Inverted Jointly by InSAR and GPS. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from 6 Envisat ASAR descending tracks; spanning the 2003–2010 period; was used to measure interseismic strain accumulation across the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Mean line-of-sight (LOS) ratemaps are computed by stacking atmospheric-corrected and orbital-corrected interferograms. The ratemaps from one track with different atmospheric-corrected results or two parallel; partially overlapping tracks; show a consistent pattern of left-lateral motion across the fault; which demonstrates the MERIS and ECMWF atmospheric correction works satisfactorily for small stain measurement of this region; even with a limited number of interferograms. By combining the measurements of InSAR and GPS; a fine crustal deformation velocity and strain rate field was estimated on discrete points with irregular density depending on the fault location; which revealed that the present-day slip rate on the Haiyuan fault system varies little from west to east. A change (2–3 mm/year) in line-of-sight (LOS) deformation rate across the fault is observed from the Jinqianghe segment to its eastern end. Inversion from the cross-fault InSAR profiles gave a shallow locking depth of 3–6 km on the main rupture of the 1920 earthquake. We therefore infer that the middle-lower part of the seismogenic layer on the 1920 rupture is not yet fully locked since the 1920 large earthquake. Benefit from high spatial resolution InSAR data; a low strain accumulation zone with high strain rates on its two ends was detected; which corresponds to the creeping segment; i.e., the Laohushan fault segment. Contrary to the previous knowledge of squeezing structure; an abnormal tension zone is disclosed from the direction map of principal stress; which is consistent with the recent geological study. The distribution of principal stress also showed that the expanding frontier of the northeastern plateau has crossed the Liupan Shan fault zone; even arrived at the northeast area of the Xiaoguan Shan. This result agrees with the deep seismic reflection profile.
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Folded Basinal Compartments of the Southern Mongolian Borderland: A Structural Archive of the Final Consolidation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. GEOSCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mériaux AS, Van der Woerd J, Tapponnier P, Ryerson FJ, Finkel RC, Lasserre C, Xu X. The Pingding segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault (91°E): Holocene slip-rate determination from cosmogenic radionuclide dating of offset fluvial terraces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jb009289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gan W, Zhang P, Shen ZK, Niu Z, Wang M, Wan Y, Zhou D, Cheng J. Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb004120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shen ZK, Lü J, Wang M, Bürgmann R. Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the Tibetan Plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Kang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology; China Earthquake Administration; Beijing China
| | - Jiangning Lü
- Department of Geophysics; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Earthquake Science; China Earthquake Administration; Beijing China
| | - Roland Bürgmann
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of California; Berkeley California USA
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Mériaux AS, Ryerson FJ, Tapponnier P, Van der Woerd J, Finkel RC, Xu X, Xu Z, Caffee MW. Rapid slip along the central Altyn Tagh Fault: Morphochronologic evidence from Cherchen He and Sulamu Tagh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.-S. Mériaux
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris; CNRS UMR 7578; Paris France
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - F. J. Ryerson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - P. Tapponnier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris; CNRS UMR 7578; Paris France
| | - J. Van der Woerd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - R. C. Finkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - Xiwei Xu
- Seismological Bureau; Beijing China
| | - Zhiqin Xu
- Institute of Geology; Ministry of Land and Resources; Beijing China
| | - M. W. Caffee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
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Dupont-Nivet G, Horton BK, Butler RF, Wang J, Zhou J, Waanders GL. Paleogene clockwise tectonic rotation of the Xining-Lanzhou region, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Dupont-Nivet
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - B. K. Horton
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - R. F. Butler
- Department of Geosciences; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | - J. Wang
- Institute of Geochemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou China
| | - J. Zhou
- Faculty of Earth Sciences; China University of Geosciences; Wuhan China
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Chen Q, Freymueller JT, Wang Q, Yang Z, Xu C, Liu J. A deforming block model for the present-day tectonics of Tibet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jb002151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Chen
- Geophysical Institute; University of Alaska Fairbanks; Fairbanks Alaska USA
| | | | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Seismology; China Seismological Bureau; Wuhan China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Survey Engineering Department; Chang'an University; Xi'an China
| | - Caijun Xu
- School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering; Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping; Wuhan China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering; Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping; Wuhan China
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White N, Thompson M, Barwise T. Understanding the thermal evolution of deep-water continental margins. Nature 2003; 426:334-43. [PMID: 14628063 DOI: 10.1038/nature02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Areas of exploration for new hydrocarbons are changing as the hydrocarbon industry seeks new resources for economic and political reasons. Attention has turned from easily accessible onshore regions such as the Middle East to offshore continental shelves. Over the past ten years, there has been a marked shift towards deep-water continental margins (500-2,500 m below sea level). In these more hostile regions, the risk and cost of exploration is higher, but the prize is potentially enormous. The key to these endeavours is a quantitative understanding of the structure and evolution of the thinned crust and lithosphere that underlie these margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky White
- Bullard Laboratories, Department of Earth Sciences, Madingley Rise, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0EZ, UK.
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Pares JM, Van der Voo R, Downs WR, Yan M, Fang X. Northeastward growth and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau: Magnetostratigraphic insights from the Guide Basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb001349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep M. Pares
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Rob Van der Voo
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Will R. Downs
- Department of Geology; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Maodu Yan
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- Department of Geography; Lanzhou University; China
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Dupont-Nivet G. Paleomagnetism indicates no Neogene vertical axis rotations of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thompson SC, Weldon RJ, Rubin CM, Abdrakhmatov K, Molnar P, Berger GW. Late Quaternary slip rates across the central Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, central Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Thompson
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Ray J. Weldon
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Oregon; Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Charles M. Rubin
- Department of Geological Sciences; Central Washington University; Ellensburg Washington USA
| | | | - Peter Molnar
- Department of Earth, Atmosphere, and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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Brown ET, Bendick R, Bourlès DL, Gaur V, Molnar P, Raisbeck GM, Yiou F. Slip rates of the Karakorum fault, Ladakh, India, determined using cosmic ray exposure dating of debris flows and moraines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. T. Brown
- Large Lakes Observatory; University of Minnesota; Duluth Minnesota USA
| | - R. Bendick
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. L. Bourlès
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Géosciences de l'Environnement; Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois; Aix-en-Provence France
| | - V. Gaur
- Institute of Astrophysics; Bangalore India
| | - P. Molnar
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. M. Raisbeck
- Centre de Spectrométrie Nucleaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse; CNRS-IN2P3; Orsay France
| | - F. Yiou
- Centre de Spectrométrie Nucleaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse; CNRS-IN2P3; Orsay France
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18
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Sella GF, Dixon TH, Mao A. REVEL: A model for Recent plate velocities from space geodesy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 771] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shen ZK, Wang M, Li Y, Jackson DD, Yin A, Dong D, Fang P. Crustal deformation along the Altyn Tagh fault system, western China, from GPS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang Q, Zhang PZ, Freymueller JT, Bilham R, Larson KM, Lai X, You X, Niu Z, Wu J, Li Y, Liu J, Yang Z, Chen Q. Present-day crustal deformation in China constrained by global positioning system measurements. Science 2001; 294:574-7. [PMID: 11641493 DOI: 10.1126/science.1063647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 845] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements in China indicate that crustal shortening accommodates most of India's penetration into Eurasia. Deformation within the Tibetan Plateau and its margins, the Himalaya, the Altyn Tagh, and the Qilian Shan, absorbs more than 90% of the relative motion between the Indian and Eurasian plates. Internal shortening of the Tibetan plateau itself accounts for more than one-third of the total convergence. However, the Tibetan plateau south of the Kunlun and Ganzi-Mani faults is moving eastward relative to both India and Eurasia. This movement is accommodated through rotation of material around the eastern Syntaxis. The North China and South China blocks, east of the Tibetan Plateau, move coherently east-southeastward at rates of 2 to 8 millimeters per year and 6 to 11 millimeters per year, respectively, with respect to the stable Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Institute of Seismology, China Seismological Bureau, Wuhan 430071, China
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Huang WC, Ni JF, Tilmann F, Nelson D, Guo J, Zhao W, Mechie J, Kind R, Saul J, Rapine R, Hearn TM. Seismic polarization anisotropy beneath the central Tibetan Plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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