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Kim S, Kim K, Jo N, Jang HK, Ahn SH, Lee J, Lee H, Park S, Lee D, Stockwell DA, Whitledge TE, Lee SH. Primary Production in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian Seas. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1886. [PMID: 37630446 PMCID: PMC10456892 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the primary production of phytoplankton in the Kara Sea (KS), the Laptev Sea (LS), and the East Siberian Sea (ESS) remains limited, despite the recognized importance of phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted three NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) expeditions in 2013, 2015, and 2018 to measure in situ primary production rates using a 13C-15N dual-tracer method and examine their major controlling factors. The main goals in this study were to investigate regional heterogeneity in primary production and derive its contemporary ranges in the KS, LS, and ESS. The daily primary production rates in this study (99 ± 62, 100 ± 77, and 56 ± 35 mg C m-2 d-1 in the KS, LS, and ESS, respectively) are rather different from the values previously reported in each sea mainly because of spatial and regional differences. Among the three seas, a significantly lower primary production rate was observed in the ESS in comparison to those in the KS and LS. This is likely mainly because of regional differences in freshwater content based on the noticeable relationship (Spearman, rs = -0.714, p < 0.05) between the freshwater content and the primary production rates observed in this study. The contemporary ranges of the annual primary production based on this and previous studies are 0.96-2.64, 0.72-50.52, and 1.68-16.68 g C m-2 in the KS, LS, and ESS, respectively. Further intensive field measurements are warranted to enhance our understanding of marine microorganisms and their community-level responses to the currently changing environmental conditions in these poorly studied regions of the Arctic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.-K.J.); (S.P.); (D.L.)
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Kim
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.-K.J.); (S.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Naeun Jo
- Department of Ecology and Conservation, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo-Keun Jang
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.-K.J.); (S.P.); (D.L.)
| | - So-Hyun Ahn
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA;
| | - Janghan Lee
- Départment de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Howon Lee
- Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sanghoon Park
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.-K.J.); (S.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.-K.J.); (S.P.); (D.L.)
| | - Dean A. Stockwell
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (D.A.S.); (T.E.W.)
| | - Terry E. Whitledge
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (D.A.S.); (T.E.W.)
| | - Sang-Heon Lee
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (K.K.); (H.-K.J.); (S.P.); (D.L.)
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Rigual-Hernández AS, Sierro FJ, Flores JA, Trull TW, Rodrigues T, Martrat B, Sikes EL, Nodder SD, Eriksen RS, Davies D, Bravo N, Sánchez-Santos JM, Abrantes F. Influence of environmental variability and Emiliania huxleyi ecotypes on alkenone-derived temperature reconstructions in the subantarctic Southern Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152474. [PMID: 34952068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain unsaturated alkenones produced by haptophyte algae are widely used as paleotemperature indicators. The unsaturation relationship to temperature is linear at mid-latitudes, however, non-linear responses detected in subpolar regions of both hemispheres have suggested complicating factors in these environments. To assess the influence of biotic and abiotic factors in alkenone production and preservation in the Subantarctic Zone, alkenone fluxes were quantified in three vertically-moored sediment traps deployed at the SOTS observatory (140°E, 47°S) during a year. Alkenone fluxes were compared with coccolithophore assemblages, satellite measurements and surface-water properties obtained by sensors at SOTS. Alkenone-based temperature reconstructions generally mirrored the seasonal variations of SSTs, except for late winter when significant deviations were observed (3-10 °C). Annual flux-weighted averages in the 3800 m trap returned alkenone-derived temperatures ~1.5 °C warmer than those derived from the 1000 m trap, a distortion attributed to surface production and signal preservation during its transit through the water column. Notably, changes in the relative abundance of E. huxleyi var. huxleyi were positively correlated with temperature deviations between the alkenone-derived temperatures and in situ SSTs (r = 0.6 and 0.7 at 1000 and 2000 m, respectively), while E. huxleyi var. aurorae, displayed an opposite trend. Our results suggest that E. huxleyi var. aurorae produces a higher proportion of C37:3 relative to C37:2 compared to its counterparts. Therefore, the dominance of var. aurorae south of the Subtropical Front could be at least partially responsible for the less accurate alkenone-based SST reconstructions in the Southern Ocean using global calibrations. However, the observed correlations were largely influenced by the samples collected during winter, a period characterized by low particle fluxes and slow sinking rates. Thus, it is likely that other factors such as selective degradation of the most unsaturated alkenones could also account for the deviations of the alkenone paleothermometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rigual-Hernández
- Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - F J Sierro
- Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - J A Flores
- Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - T W Trull
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre and Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - T Rodrigues
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Divisão de Geologia Marinha (DivGM), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, Lisboa, Portugal; CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - B Martrat
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E L Sikes
- Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - S D Nodder
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - R S Eriksen
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - D Davies
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre and Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - N Bravo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Sánchez-Santos
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - F Abrantes
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Divisão de Geologia Marinha (DivGM), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, Lisboa, Portugal; CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Ahn SH, Kim K, Jo N, Kang JJ, Lee JH, Whitledge TE, Stockwell DA, Lee HW, Lee SH. Fluvial influence on the biochemical composition of particulate organic matter in the Laptev and Western East Siberian seas during 2015. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104873. [PMID: 31965975 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the elemental (C/N ratio) and isotopic signatures (δ13C) and major biomolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) and their relative abundance (i.e., the biochemical composition) in particulate organic matter (POM) to assess their origin and fate in the Laptev and western East Siberian seas during late summer/fall of 2015. In addition, we compared our results with the summer data of 2013 collected from Laptev and northwestern East Siberian seas. In accordance with the observed hydrological structure (i.e., a northward, warmer, diluted freshwater plume than previously observed in 2013), the more depleted δ13C (-28.2 ± 0.9‰) and higher C/N ratio (10.8 ± 2.0) than those of 2013 signalled that fluvially released terrestrial organic carbon (TerrOC) was the main source of the POM, unlike in 2013, when phytoplankton was the dominant source (δ13C = -24.9 ± 1.0‰, C/N ratio = 7.6 ± 2.4; Ahn et al., 2019). During the offshore transport of heterogeneous TerrOC, carbohydrates seem to be the primary contributor to the bulk POM as a result of selective degradation and hydrodynamic sorting. Despite the TerrOC-dominated system in 2015, some marine influence was also found. The estimated phytoplankton biomass was low and comparable among the study sites. In addition, the presence of resting spores and high ammonium concentrations within the water column may suggest senescent and, to some extent, degrading conditions of the resident phytoplankton. In this regard, carbohydrate concentrations and freshwater content were significantly correlated (r = 0.79, p < 0.01), suggesting that carbohydrates are useful inferences of freshwater within overall study sites, at least when the marine influence is similar or low.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Ahn
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
| | - KwanWoo Kim
- Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Naeun Jo
- Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Jae Joong Kang
- Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Lee
- Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Terry E Whitledge
- University of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science, Fairbank, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Dean A Stockwell
- University of Alaska, Institute of Marine Science, Fairbank, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, 49111, South Korea
| | - Sang Heon Lee
- Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
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Full annual monitoring of Subantarctic Emiliania huxleyi populations reveals highly calcified morphotypes in high-CO 2 winter conditions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2594. [PMID: 32054880 PMCID: PMC7018777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is expected to have detrimental consequences for the most abundant calcifying phytoplankton species Emiliania huxleyi. However, this assumption is mainly based on laboratory manipulations that are unable to reproduce the complexity of natural ecosystems. Here, E. huxleyi coccolith assemblages collected over a year by an autonomous water sampler and sediment traps in the Subantarctic Zone were analysed. The combination of taxonomic and morphometric analyses together with in situ measurements of surface-water properties allowed us to monitor, with unprecedented detail, the seasonal cycle of E. huxleyi at two Subantarctic stations. E. huxleyi subantarctic assemblages were composed of a mixture of, at least, four different morphotypes. Heavier morphotypes exhibited their maximum relative abundances during winter, coinciding with peak annual TCO2 and nutrient concentrations, while lighter morphotypes dominated during summer, coinciding with lowest TCO2 and nutrients levels. The similar seasonality observed in both time-series suggests that it may be a circumpolar feature of the Subantarctic zone. Our results challenge the view that ocean acidification will necessarily lead to a replacement of heavily-calcified coccolithophores by lightly-calcified ones in subpolar ecosystems, and emphasize the need to consider the cumulative effect of multiple stressors on the probable succession of morphotypes.
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The biochemical composition of phytoplankton in the Laptev and East Siberian seas during the summer of 2013. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Response of phytoplankton photophysiology to varying environmental conditions in the Sub-Antarctic and Polar Frontal Zone. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72165. [PMID: 23977242 PMCID: PMC3747055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate-driven changes are expected to alter the hydrography of the Sub-Antarctic Zone (SAZ) and Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ) south of Australia, in which distinct regional environments are believed to be responsible for the differences in phytoplankton biomass in these regions. Here, we report how the dynamic influences of light, iron and temperature, which are responsible for the photophysiological differences between phytoplankton in the SAZ and PFZ, contribute to the biomass differences in these regions. High effective photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F'(q)/F'(m)0.4), maximum photosynthesis rate (P(B)(max)), light-saturation intensity (E(k)), maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport (1/[Symbol: see text]PSII), and low photoprotective pigment concentrations observed in the SAZ correspond to high chlorophyll a and iron concentrations. In contrast, phytoplankton in the PFZ exhibits low F'(q)/F'(M) (~ 0.2) and high concentrations of photoprotective pigments under low light environment. Strong negative relationships between iron, temperature, and photoprotective pigments demonstrate that cells were producing more photoprotective pigments under low temperature and iron conditions, and are responsible for the low biomass and low productivity measured in the PFZ. As warming and enhanced iron input is expected in this region, this could probably increase phytoplankton photosynthesis in this region. However, complex interactions between the biogeochemical processes (e.g. stratification caused by warming could prevent mixing of nutrients), which control phytoplankton biomass and productivity, remain uncertain.
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Lee SH, Kim BK, Yun MS, Joo H, Yang EJ, Kim YN, Shin HC, Lee S. Spatial distribution of phytoplankton productivity in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cole ST, Rudnick DL, Colosi JA. Seasonal evolution of upper-ocean horizontal structure and the remnant mixed layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jc005654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sokolov S, Rintoul SR. On the relationship between fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and surface chlorophyll concentrations in the Southern Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jc004072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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de Brauwere A, Jacquet SHM, De Ridder F, Dehairs F, Pintelon R, Schoukens J, Baeyens W. Water mass distributions in the Southern Ocean derived from a parametric analysis of mixing water masses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jc003742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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DiFiore PJ, Sigman DM, Trull TW, Lourey MJ, Karsh K, Cane G, Ho R. Nitrogen isotope constraints on subantarctic biogeochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jc003216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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de Boyer Montégut C. Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jc002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1729] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Elskens M. N uptake conditions during summer in the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal Zones of the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jc000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Leary T, Trull TW, Griffiths FB, Tilbrook B, Revill AT. Euphotic zone variations in bulk and compound-specific δ13C of suspended organic matter in the Subantarctic Ocean, south of Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hutchins DA, Sedwick PN, DiTullio GR, Boyd PW, Quéguiner B, Griffiths FB, Crossley C. Control of phytoplankton growth by iron and silicic acid availability in the subantarctic Southern Ocean: Experimental results from the SAZ Project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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McNeil BI, Tilbrook B, Matear RJ. Accumulation and uptake of anthropogenic CO2in the Southern Ocean, south of Australia between 1968 and 1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Featherstone AM, Butler ECV, O'Grady BV. Meridional distribution of arsenic species in the subantarctic zone of the Southern Ocean, south of Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Trull TW, Sedwick PN, Griffiths FB, Rintoul SR. Introduction to special section: SAZ Project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jc001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Parslow JS, Boyd PW, Rintoul SR, Griffiths FB. A persistent subsurface chlorophyll maximum in the Interpolar Frontal Zone south of Australia: Seasonal progression and implications for phytoplankton-light-nutrient interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cardinal D, Dehairs F, Cattaldo T, André L. Geochemistry of suspended particles in the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal zones south of Australia: Constraints on export and advection processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang X, Matear RJ. Modeling the upper ocean dynamics in the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal zones in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lourey MJ, Trull TW. Seasonal nutrient depletion and carbon export in the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal zones of the Southern Ocean south of Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clementson LA, Parslow JS, Turnbull AR, McKenzie DC, Rathbone CE. Optical properties of waters in the Australasian sector of the Southern Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Trull TW, Bray SG, Manganini SJ, Honjo S, François R. Moored sediment trap measurements of carbon export in the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal zones of the Southern Ocean, south of Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Boyd PW, Crossley AC, DiTullio GR, Griffiths FB, Hutchins DA, Queguiner B, Sedwick PN, Trull TW. Control of phytoplankton growth by iron supply and irradiance in the subantarctic Southern Ocean: Experimental results from the SAZ Project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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