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Charlesworth E, Plöger F, Birner T, Baikhadzhaev R, Abalos M, Abraham NL, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Dennison F, Jöckel P, Keeble J, Kinnison D, Morgenstern O, Plummer D, Rozanov E, Strode S, Zeng G, Egorova T, Riese M. Stratospheric water vapor affecting atmospheric circulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3925. [PMID: 37400442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Water vapor plays an important role in many aspects of the climate system, by affecting radiation, cloud formation, atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. Even the low stratospheric water vapor content provides an important climate feedback, but current climate models show a substantial moist bias in the lowermost stratosphere. Here we report crucial sensitivity of the atmospheric circulation in the stratosphere and troposphere to the abundance of water vapor in the lowermost stratosphere. We show from a mechanistic climate model experiment and inter-model variability that lowermost stratospheric water vapor decreases local temperatures, and thereby causes an upward and poleward shift of subtropical jets, a strengthening of the stratospheric circulation, a poleward shift of the tropospheric eddy-driven jet and regional climate impacts. The mechanistic model experiment in combination with atmospheric observations further shows that the prevailing moist bias in current models is likely caused by the transport scheme, and can be alleviated by employing a less diffusive Lagrangian scheme. The related effects on atmospheric circulation are of similar magnitude as climate change effects. Hence, lowermost stratospheric water vapor exerts a first order effect on atmospheric circulation and improving its representation in models offers promising prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Charlesworth
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Felix Plöger
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Birner
- Meteorological Institute Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rasul Baikhadzhaev
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marta Abalos
- Earth Physics and Astrophysics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan Luke Abraham
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Slimane Bekki
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD/IPSL), Palaiseau, France
| | - Fraser Dennison
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Aspendale, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | - Patrick Jöckel
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - James Keeble
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doug Kinnison
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David Plummer
- Climate Research Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium, Davos World Radiation Center, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Strode
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research (GESTAR-II), Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tatiana Egorova
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium, Davos World Radiation Center, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Riese
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Tritscher I, Grooß JU, Spang R, Pitts MC, Poole LR, Müller R, Riese M. Lagrangian simulation of ice particles and resulting dehydration in the polar winter stratosphere. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2019; 19:543-563. [PMID: 33414817 PMCID: PMC7787165 DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-543-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and cold stratospheric aerosols drive heterogeneous chemistry and play a major role in polar ozone depletion. The Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulates the nucleation, growth, sedimentation, and evaporation of PSC particles along individual trajectories. Particles consisting of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), which contain a substantial fraction of the stratospheric nitric acid (HNO3), were the focus of previous modeling work and are known for their potential to denitrify the polar stratosphere. Here, we carried this idea forward and introduced the formation of ice PSCs and related dehydration into the sedimentation module of CLaMS. Both processes change the simulated chemical composition of the lower stratosphere. Due to the Lagrangian transport scheme, NAT and ice particles move freely in three-dimensional space. Heterogeneous NAT and ice nucleation on foreign nuclei as well as homogeneous ice nucleation and NAT nucleation on preexisting ice particles are now implemented into CLaMS and cover major PSC formation pathways. We show results from the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and from the Antarctic winter 2011 to demonstrate the performance of the model over two entire PSC seasons. For both hemispheres, we present CLaMS results in comparison to measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Observations and simulations are presented on season-long and vortex-wide scales as well as for single PSC events. The simulations reproduce well both the timing and the extent of PSC occurrence inside the entire vortex. Divided into specific PSC classes, CLaMS results show predominantly good agreement with CALIOP and MIPAS observations, even for specific days and single satellite orbits. CLaMS and CALIOP agree that NAT mixtures are the first type of PSC to be present in both winters. NAT PSC areal coverages over the entire season agree satisfactorily. However, cloud-free areas, next to or surrounded by PSCs in the CALIOP data, are often populated with NAT particles in the CLaMS simulations. Looking at the temporal and vortex-averaged evolution of HNO3, CLaMS shows an uptake of HNO3 from the gas into the particle phase which is too large and happens too early in the simulation of the Arctic winter. In turn, the permanent redistribution of HNO3 is smaller in the simulations than in the observations. The Antarctic model run shows too little denitrification at lower altitudes towards the end of the winter compared to the observations. The occurrence of synoptic-scale ice PSCs agrees satisfactorily between observations and simulations for both hemispheres and the simulated vertical redistribution of water vapor (H2O) is in very good agreement with MLS observations. In summary, a conclusive agreement between CLaMS simulations and a variety of independent measurements is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Tritscher
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Grooß
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Reinhold Spang
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Lamont R. Poole
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Riese
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Tuck AF. Proposed Empirical Entropy and Gibbs Energy Based on Observations of Scale Invariance in Open Nonequilibrium Systems. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6620-6629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Tuck
- Visiting Professor, Physics
Department, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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Gunther T, Schulze M, Friederici A, Theisel H. Visualizing Volcanic Clouds in the Atmosphere and Their Impact on Air Traffic. IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS 2016; 36:36-47. [PMID: 26571518 DOI: 10.1109/mcg.2015.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic eruptions are not only hazardous in the direct vicinity of a volcano, but they also affect the climate and air travel for great distances. This article sheds light on the Grímsvötn, Puyehue-Cordón Caulle, and Nabro eruptions in 2011. The authors study the agreement of the complementary satellite data, reconstruct sulfate aerosol and volcanic ash clouds, visualize endangered flight routes, minimize occlusion in particle trajectory visualizations, and focus on the main pathways of Nabro's sulfate aerosol into the stratosphere. The results here were developed for the 2014 IEEE Scientific Visualization Contest, which centers around the fusion of multiple satellite data modalities to reconstruct and assess the movement of volcanic ash and sulfate aerosol emissions. Using data from three volcanic eruptions that occurred in the span of approximately three weeks, the authors study the agreement of the complementary satellite data, reconstruct sulfate aerosol and volcanic ash clouds, visualize endangered flight routes, minimize occlusion in particle trajectory visualizations, and focus on the main pathways of sulfate aerosol into the stratosphere. This video provides animations of the reconstructed ash clouds. https://youtu.be/D9DvJ5AvZAs.
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Sauer F, Yu H, Ma KL. Trajectory-Based Flow Feature Tracking in Joint Particle/Volume Datasets. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2014; 20:2565-2574. [PMID: 26356970 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2014.2346423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Studying the dynamic evolution of time-varying volumetric data is essential in countless scientific endeavors. The ability to isolate and track features of interest allows domain scientists to better manage large complex datasets both in terms of visual understanding and computational efficiency. This work presents a new trajectory-based feature tracking technique for use in joint particle/volume datasets. While traditional feature tracking approaches generally require a high temporal resolution, this method utilizes the indexed trajectories of corresponding Lagrangian particle data to efficiently track features over large jumps in time. Such a technique is especially useful for situations where the volume dataset is either temporally sparse or too large to efficiently track a feature through all intermediate timesteps. In addition, this paper presents a few other applications of this approach, such as the ability to efficiently track the internal properties of volumetric features using variables from the particle data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique using real world combustion and atmospheric datasets and compare it to existing tracking methods to justify its advantages and accuracy.
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Riese M, Ploeger F, Rap A, Vogel B, Konopka P, Dameris M, Forster P. Impact of uncertainties in atmospheric mixing on simulated UTLS composition and related radiative effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ploeger F, Konopka P, Müller R, Fueglistaler S, Schmidt T, Manners JC, Grooß JU, Günther G, Forster PM, Riese M. Horizontal transport affecting trace gas seasonality in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vogel B, Pan LL, Konopka P, Günther G, Müller R, Hall W, Campos T, Pollack I, Weinheimer A, Wei J, Atlas EL, Bowman KP. Transport pathways and signatures of mixing in the extratropical tropopause region derived from Lagrangian model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vogel B, Feck T, Grooß JU. Impact of stratospheric water vapor enhancements caused by CH4and H2O increase on polar ozone loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ploeger F, Konopka P, Günther G, Grooß JU, Müller R. Impact of the vertical velocity scheme on modeling transport in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pisso I, Real E, Law KS, Legras B, Bousserez N, Attié JL, Schlager H. Estimation of mixing in the troposphere from Lagrangian trace gas reconstructions during long-range pollution plume transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kunz A, Konopka P, Müller R, Pan LL, Schiller C, Rohrer F. High static stability in the mixing layer above the extratropical tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pan LL, Randel WJ, Gille JC, Hall WD, Nardi B, Massie S, Yudin V, Khosravi R, Konopka P, Tarasick D. Tropospheric intrusions associated with the secondary tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Punge HJ, Konopka P, Giorgetta MA, Müller R. Effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation on low-latitude transport in the stratosphere derived from trajectory calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Khosrawi F, Müller R, Proffitt MH, Urban J, Murtagh D, Ruhnke R, Grooß JU, Nakajima H. Seasonal cycle of averages of nitrous oxide and ozone in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere polar, midlatitude, and tropical regions derived from ILAS/ILAS-II and Odin/SMR observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pan LL, Bowman KP, Shapiro M, Randel WJ, Gao RS, Campos T, Davis C, Schauffler S, Ridley BA, Wei JC, Barnet C. Chemical behavior of the tropopause observed during the Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Konopka P, Engel A, Funke B, Müller R, Grooß JU, Günther G, Wetter T, Stiller G, von Clarmann T, Glatthor N, Oelhaf H, Wetzel G, López-Puertas M, Pirre M, Huret N, Riese M. Ozone loss driven by nitrogen oxides and triggered by stratospheric warmings can outweigh the effect of halogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tilmes S, Müller R, Grooß JU, Nakajima H, Sasano Y. Development of tracer relations and chemical ozone loss during the setup phase of the polar vortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Lemmen C, Müller R, Konopka P, Dameris M. Critique of the tracer-tracer correlation technique and its potential to analyze polar ozone loss in chemistry-climate models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tilmes S, Müller R, Grooß JU, Spang R, Sugita T, Nakajima H, Sasano Y. Chemical ozone loss and related processes in the Antarctic winter 2003 based on Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)–II observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hoffmann A, Grossmann J, Zellner R. Direct measurements of the OH and NO2 evolutions in pulsed photo-oxidation studies of hydrocarbons. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Steinhorst HM, Konopka P, Günther G, Müller R. How permeable is the edge of the Arctic vortex: Model studies of winter 1999-2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Konopka
- Institute for Stratospheric Chemistry (ICG-I), Research Center; Jülich Germany
| | - Gebhard Günther
- Institute for Stratospheric Chemistry (ICG-I), Research Center; Jülich Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute for Stratospheric Chemistry (ICG-I), Research Center; Jülich Germany
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Plenge J, Flesch R, Kühl S, Vogel B, Müller R, Stroh F, Rühl E. Ultraviolet Photolysis of the ClO Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049690+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Ray EA. Distributions of ozone in the region of the subtropical jet: An analysis of in situ aircraft measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Konopka P. Mixing and ozone loss in the 1999–2000 Arctic vortex: Simulations with the three-dimensional Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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McKenna DS. A new Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) 2. Formulation of chemistry scheme and initialization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Grooß JU. Simulation of ozone depletion in spring 2000 with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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