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Thirty Years of Atmospheric CO2 Observations at the Plateau Rosa Station, Italy. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10070418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The atmospheric background CO2 concentration is a key quantity for the analysis and evaluation of the ongoing climate change. Long-term CO2 observations have been carried out at the high Plateau Rosa mountain station, in the north-western Alps since 1989. The complete time series covers thirty years, and it is suitable for climatological analysis. The continuous CO2 measurements, collected since 1993, were selected, by means of a BaDS (Background Data Selection) filter, to obtain the hourly background data. The monthly background data series was analysed in order to individuate the parameters that characterise the seasonal cycle and the long-term trend. The growth rate was found to be 2.05 ± 0.03 ppm/year, which is in agreement with the global trend. The increased background CO2 concentration at the Plateau Rosa site is the consequence of global anthropic emissions, whereas the natural variability of the climatic system taken from the SOI (South Oscillation Index) and MEI (Multivariate ENSO Index) signals was detected in the inter-annual changes of the Plateau Rosa growth rate.
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Kim HS, Kim YH, Han KM, Kim J, Song CH. Ozone production efficiency of a ship-plume: ITCT 2K2 case study. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 143:17-23. [PMID: 26009472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ozone production efficiency (OPE) of ship plume was first evaluated in this study, based on ship-plume photochemical/dynamic model simulations and the ship-plume composition data measured during the ITCT 2K2 (Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002) aircraft campaign. The averaged instantaneous OPEs (OPE(i)‾) estimated via the ship-plume photochemical/dynamic modeling for the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume ranged between 4.61 and 18.92, showing that the values vary with the extent of chemical evolution (or chemical stage) of the ship plume and the stability classes of the marine boundary layer (MBL). Together with OPE(i)‾, the equivalent OPEs (OPE(e)‾) for the entire ITCT 2K2 ship-plume were also estimated. The OPE(e)‾ values varied between 9.73 (for the stable MBL) and 12.73 (for the moderately stable MBL), which agreed well with the OPE(e)‾ of 12.85 estimated based on the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume observations. It was also found that both the model-simulated and observation-based OPE(e)‾ inside the ship-plume were 0.29-0.38 times smaller than the OPE(e)‾ calculated/measured outside the ITCT 2K2 ship-plume. Such low OPEs insides the ship plume were due to the high levels of NO and non-liner ship-plume photochemistry. Possible implications of this ship-plume OPE study in the global chemistry-transport modeling are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun S Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong H Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung M Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhoon Kim
- Institute of Earth, Astronomy, and Atmosphere, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul H Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Fischer EV, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Sulprizio MP, Millet DB, Mao J, Paulot F, Singh HB, Roiger A, Ries L, Talbot R, Dzepina K, Pandey Deolal S. Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN): a global budget and source attribution. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2014; 14:2679-2698. [PMID: 33758588 PMCID: PMC7983850 DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-2679-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formed in the atmospheric oxidation of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) is the principal tropospheric reservoir for nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx = NO + NO2). PAN enables the transport and release of NOx to the remote troposphere with major implications for the global distributions of ozone and OH, the main tropospheric oxidants. Simulation of PAN is a challenge for global models because of the dependence of PAN on vertical transport as well as complex and uncertain NMVOC sources and chemistry. Here we use an improved representation of NMVOCs in a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and show that it can simulate PAN observations from aircraft campaigns worldwide. The immediate carbonyl precursors for PAN formation include acetaldehyde (44% of the global source), methylglyoxal (30 %), acetone (7 %), and a suite of other isoprene and terpene oxidation products (19 %). A diversity of NMVOC emissions is responsible for PAN formation globally including isoprene (37 %) and alkanes (14 %). Anthropogenic sources are dominant in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere outside the growing season. Open fires appear to play little role except at high northern latitudes in spring, although results are very sensitive to plume chemistry and plume rise. Lightning NOx is the dominant contributor to the observed PAN maximum in the free troposphere over the South Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - D. J. Jacob
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R. M. Yantosca
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M. P. Sulprizio
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D. B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - J. Mao
- Princeton University, GFDL, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - F. Paulot
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - H. B. Singh
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - A. Roiger
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - L. Ries
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R.W. Talbot
- Federal Environment Agency, GAW Global Station Zugspitze/Hohenpeissenberg, Zugspitze, Germany
| | - K. Dzepina
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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Edwards P, Evans MJ, Commane R, Ingham T, Stone D, Mahajan AS, Oetjen H, Dorsey JR, Hopkins JR, Lee JD, Moller SJ, Leigh R, Plane JMC, Carpenter LJ, Heard DE. Hydrogen oxide photochemistry in the northern Canadian spring time boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Edwards
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - M. J. Evans
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - R. Commane
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - T. Ingham
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - D. Stone
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | | | - H. Oetjen
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - J. R. Dorsey
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - J. R. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science; University of York; Heslington UK
| | - J. D. Lee
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science; University of York; Heslington UK
| | - S. J. Moller
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; Heslington UK
| | - R. Leigh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | | | | | - D. E. Heard
- School of Chemistry; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
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Fehsenfeld FC, Ancellet G, Bates TS, Goldstein AH, Hardesty RM, Honrath R, Law KS, Lewis AC, Leaitch R, McKeen S, Meagher J, Parrish DD, Pszenny AAP, Russell PB, Schlager H, Seinfeld J, Talbot R, Zbinden R. International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe-Overview of the 2004 summer field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. M. Hardesty
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - K. S. Law
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. Leaitch
- Science and Technology Branch; Environment Canada; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - S. McKeen
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Meagher
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. A. P. Pszenny
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - P. B. Russell
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - H. Schlager
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling Germany
| | - J. Seinfeld
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. Zbinden
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées; UMR 5560, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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Wang T, Wong HLA, Tang J, Ding A, Wu WS, Zhang XC. On the origin of surface ozone and reactive nitrogen observed at a remote mountain site in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, western China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Henne S, Dommen J, Neininger B, Reimann S, Staehelin J, Prévôt ASH. Influence of mountain venting in the Alps on the ozone chemistry of the lower free troposphere and the European pollution export. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wang Y, Shim C, Blake N, Blake D, Choi Y, Ridley B, Dibb J, Wimmers A, Moody J, Flocke F, Weinheimer A, Talbot R, Atlas E. Intercontinental transport of pollution manifested in the variability and seasonal trend of springtime O3at northern middle and high latitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Changsub Shim
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Nicola Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California at Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - Donald Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California at Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - Yunsoo Choi
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Brian Ridley
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jack Dibb
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Anthony Wimmers
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Jennie Moody
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Frank Flocke
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Robert Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Elliot Atlas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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Edwards GD, Cantrell CA, Stephens S, Hill B, Goyea O, Shetter RE, Mauldin RL, Kosciuch E, Tanner DJ, Eisele FL. Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer Instrument for the Measurement of Tropospheric HO2 and RO2. Anal Chem 2003; 75:5317-27. [PMID: 14710808 DOI: 10.1021/ac034402b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory characterizations of the peroxy radical chemical ionization mass spectrometer (PerCIMS) instrument have been performed. The instrument functions by drawing ambient air through a 50-microm-diameter orifice into an inlet held at low pressure. Peroxy radicals (HO2 and RO2) within this air are detected by amplified chemical conversion into a unique ion (HSO4-) via the chemistry initiated by the addition of NO and SO2 to the inlet. HSO4- ions are then quantified by a quadrupole filter mass spectrometer. PerCIMS provides measurements of the sum of peroxy radicals, HO2 + RO2 (HOxROx mode), or the HO2 component only (HO2 mode), achieved through the control of concentration of NO and SO2 added to the instrument. The characterization and response of this instrument have been evaluated through modeling of inlet chemistry and laboratory experiments and have also been demonstrated through successful deployment during field campaigns. The performance of PerCIMS with respect to calibration pressure and relative humidity is reported, as are the sensitivities of the instrument to organic peroxy radicals with different hydrocarbon groups. These data show PerCIMS to be a practical field instrument for the fast and accurate evaluation of the concentration of peroxy radicals over a variety of atmospheric conditions. The estimated accuracy of the derived [HOxROx] concentrations is +/- 35% (at the 95% confidence interval), while [HO2] measurements have accuracies of +/- 41% (at the 95% confidence interval). Typical precision of measurements well above the detection limit is 10%, and typical detection limits are 1 x 10(7) radicals cm(-3) for 15-s averaging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Edwards
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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11
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Purvis RM. Rapid uplift of nonmethane hydrocarbons in a cold front over central Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Tanimoto H, Furutani H, Kato S, Matsumoto J, Makide Y, Akimoto H. Seasonal cycles of ozone and oxidized nitrogen species in northeast Asia 1. Impact of regional climatology and photochemistry observed during RISOTTO 1999–2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanimoto
- Atmospheric Environment Division National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furutani
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation Saitama Japan
- Now at Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shungo Kato
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation Saitama Japan
- Also at Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Matsumoto
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation Saitama Japan
- Also at Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Akimoto
- Atmospheric Composition Research Program Frontier Research System for Global Change Yokohama Japan
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Kleinman LI, Daum PH, Lee YN, Nunnermacker LJ, Springston SR, Weinstein-Lloyd J, Rudolph J. Ozone production efficiency in an urban area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence I. Kleinman
- Atmospheric Sciences Division; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | - Peter H. Daum
- Atmospheric Sciences Division; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | - Yin-Nan Lee
- Atmospheric Sciences Division; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | | | | | - Judith Weinstein-Lloyd
- Chemistry/Physics Department; State University of New York at Old Westbury; Old Westbury New York USA
| | - Jochen Rudolph
- Chemistry Department and Centre for Atmospheric Research; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
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Reeves CE, Penkett SA, Bauguitte S, Law KS, Evans MJ, Bandy BJ, Monks PS, Edwards GD, Phillips G, Barjat H, Kent J, Dewey K, Schmitgen S, Kley D. Potential for photochemical ozone formation in the troposphere over the North Atlantic as derived from aircraft observations during ACSOE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Reeves
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - Stuart A. Penkett
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | | | - Kathy S. Law
- Centre for Atmospheric Science; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Mathew J. Evans
- Centre for Atmospheric Science; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Brian J. Bandy
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
| | - Paul S. Monks
- School of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | | | - Gavin Phillips
- School of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Hannah Barjat
- Meteorological Research Flight; UK Meteorological Office; Farnborough UK
- Atmospheric Research Airborne Support Facility; Natural Environment Research Council; Swindon UK
| | - Joss Kent
- Meteorological Research Flight; UK Meteorological Office; Farnborough UK
| | - Ken Dewey
- Meteorological Research Flight; UK Meteorological Office; Farnborough UK
| | - Sandra Schmitgen
- Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphaere; Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - Dieter Kley
- Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphaere; Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
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Schuepbach E, Friedli TK, Zanis P, Monks PS, Penkett SA. State space analysis of changing seasonal ozone cycles (1988-1997) at Jungfraujoch (3580 m above sea level) in Switzerland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Salisbury G, Rickard AR, Monks PS, Allan BJ, Bauguitte S, Penkett SA, Carslaw N, Lewis AC, Creasey DJ, Heard DE, Jacobs PJ, Lee JD. Production of peroxy radicals at night via reactions of ozone and the nitrate radical in the marine boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zanis P, Monks PS, Schuepbach E, Carpenter LJ, Green TJ, Mills GP, Bauguitte S, Penkett SA. In situ ozone production under free tropospheric conditions during FREETEX ’98 in the Swiss Alps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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