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Chen D, Xavier C, Clusius P, Nieminen T, Roldin P, Qi X, Pichelstorfer L, Kulmala M, Rantala P, Aalto J, Sarnela N, Kolari P, Keronen P, Rissanen MP, Taipale D, Foreback B, Baykara M, Zhou P, Boy M. A modelling study of OH, NO 3 and H 2SO 4 in 2007-2018 at SMEAR II, Finland: analysis of long-term trends. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2021; 1:449-472. [PMID: 34604756 PMCID: PMC8459646 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Major atmospheric oxidants (OH, O3 and NO3) dominate the atmospheric oxidation capacity, while H2SO4 is considered as a main driver for new particle formation. Although numerous studies have investigated the long-term trend of ozone in Europe, the trends of OH, NO3 and H2SO4 at specific sites are to a large extent unknown. The one-dimensional model SOSAA has been applied in several studies at the SMEAR II station and has been validated by measurements in several projects. Here, we applied the SOSAA model for the years 2007-2018 to simulate the atmospheric chemical components, especially the atmospheric oxidants OH and NO3, as well as H2SO4 at SMEAR II. The simulations were evaluated with observations from several shorter and longer campaigns at SMEAR II. Our results show that daily OH increased by 2.39% per year and NO3 decreased by 3.41% per year, with different trends of these oxidants during day and night. On the contrary, daytime sulfuric acid concentrations decreased by 2.78% per year, which correlated with the observed decreasing concentration of newly formed particles in the size range of 3-25 nm with 1.4% per year at SMEAR II during the years 1997-2012. Additionally, we compared our simulated OH, NO3 and H2SO4 concentrations with proxies, which are commonly applied in case a limited number of parameters are measured and no detailed model simulations are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Chen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Carlton Xavier
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Petri Clusius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland .,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University P.O. Box 118 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lukas Pichelstorfer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Pekka Rantala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Juho Aalto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Petri Keronen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Ditte Taipale
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Benjamin Foreback
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Metin Baykara
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland .,Climate and Marine Sciences Department, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Putian Zhou
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Michael Boy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
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Yeh GK, Claflin MS, Ziemann PJ. Products and Mechanism of the Reaction of 1-Pentadecene with NO3 Radicals and the Effect of a −ONO2 Group on Alkoxy Radical Decomposition. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:10684-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K. Yeh
- Air Pollution Research Center and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ∥Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Megan S. Claflin
- Air Pollution Research Center and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ∥Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Paul J. Ziemann
- Air Pollution Research Center and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ∥Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Ervens B. Modeling the processing of aerosol and trace gases in clouds and fogs. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4157-98. [PMID: 25898144 DOI: 10.1021/cr5005887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ervens
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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Allen D, Pickering K, Duncan B, Damon M. Impact of lightning NO emissions on North American photochemistry as determined using the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vaughan S, Canosa-Mas CE, Pfrang C, Shallcross DE, Watson L, Wayne RP. Kinetic studies of reactions of the nitrate radical (NO3) with peroxy radicals (RO2): an indirect source of OH at night? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:3749-60. [PMID: 16896438 DOI: 10.1039/b605569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A discharge-flow system, coupled to cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) detection systems for NO3 at lambda=662 nm and NO2 at lambda=404 nm, was used to investigate the kinetics of the reactions of NO3 with eight peroxy radicals at P approximately 5 Torr and T approximately 295 K. Values of the rate constants obtained were (k/10(-12) cm3 molecule-1 s-1): CH3O2 (1.1+/-0.5), C2H5O2 (2.3+/-0.7), CH2FO2 (1.4+/-0.9), CH2ClO2 (3.8(+1.4)(-2.6)), c-C5H9O2 (1.2(+1.1)(-0.5)), c-C6H11O2 (1.9+/-0.7), CF3O2 (0.62+/-0.17) and CF3CFO2CF3 (0.24+/-0.13). We explore possible relationships between k and the orbital energies of the reactants. We also provide a brief discussion of the potential impact of the reactions of NO3 with RO2 on the chemistry of the night-time atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Vaughan
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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Stroud C. Role of canopy-scale photochemistry in modifying biogenic-atmosphere exchange of reactive terpene species: Results from the CELTIC field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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