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Decadal variability of tropical tropopause temperature and its relationship to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29537. [PMID: 27404090 PMCID: PMC4941568 DOI: 10.1038/srep29537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropopause temperatures (TPTs) control the amount of stratospheric water vapour, which influences chemistry, radiation and circulation in the stratosphere, and is also an important driver of surface climate. Decadal variability and long-term trends in tropical TPTs as well as stratospheric water vapour are largely unknown. Here, we present for the first time evidence, from reanalysis and state-of-the-art climate model simulations, of a link between decadal variability in tropical TPTs and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The negative phase of the PDO is associated with anomalously cold sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical east and central Pacific, which enhance the zonal SST gradient across the equatorial Pacific. The latter drives a stronger Walker Circulation and a weaker Hadley Circulation, which leads to less convection and subsequently a warmer tropopause over the central equatorial Pacific. Over the North Pacific, positive sea level pressure anomalies occur, which damp vertical wave propagation into the stratosphere. This in turn slows the Brewer-Dobson circulation, and hence warms the tropical tropopause, enabling more water vapour to enter the stratosphere. The reverse chain of events holds for the positive phase of the PDO. Such ocean-troposphere-stratosphere interactions may provide an important feedback on the Earth’s global surface temperature.
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Xie F, Li J, Tian W, Li Y, Feng J. Indo-Pacific warm pool area expansion, Modoki activity, and tropical cold-point tropopause temperature variations. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4552. [PMID: 24686481 PMCID: PMC3971398 DOI: 10.1038/srep04552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical cold-point tropopause temperature (CPTT), a potentially important indicator of global climate change, is of particular importance for understanding changes in stratospheric water vapor levels. Since the 1980s, the tropical CPTT has shown not only interannual variations, but also a decreasing trend. However, the factors controlling the variations in the tropical CPTT since the 1980s remain elusive. The present study reveals that the continuous expansion of the area of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) since the 1980s represents an increase in the total heat energy of the IPWP available to heat the tropospheric air, which is likely to expand as a result. This process lifts the tropical cold-point tropopause height (CPTH) and leads to the observed long-term cooling trend of the tropical CPTT. In addition, our analysis shows that Modoki activity is an important factor in modulating the interannual variations of the tropical CPTT through significant effects on overshooting convection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshou Tian
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Numerical Modeling of Climate-Chemistry Connections: Recent Developments and Future Challenges. ATMOSPHERE 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos4020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ceccherini S, Carli B, Raspollini P, Ridolfi M. Rigorous determination of stratospheric water vapor trends from MIPAS observations. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19 Suppl 3:A340-A360. [PMID: 21643376 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.00a340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The trend of stratospheric water vapor as a function of latitude is estimated by the MIPAS measurements by means of a new method that uses the measurement space solution. The method uses all the information provided by the observations avoiding the artifacts introduced by the a priori information and by the interpolation to different vertical grids. The analysis provides very precise values of the trends that, however, are limited by a relatively large systematic error induced by the radiometric calibration error of the instrument. The results show in the five years from 2005 to 2009 a dependence on latitude of the stratospheric (from 37 to 53 km) water vapor trend with a positive value of (0.41 ± 0.16)%yr-1 in the northern hemisphere and less than 0.16%yr-1 in the southern hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ceccherini
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Hurst DF, Oltmans SJ, Vömel H, Rosenlof KH, Davis SM, Ray EA, Hall EG, Jordan AF. Stratospheric water vapor trends over Boulder, Colorado: Analysis of the 30 year Boulder record. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gettelman A, Hegglin MI, Son SW, Kim J, Fujiwara M, Birner T, Kremser S, Rex M, Añel JA, Akiyoshi H, Austin J, Bekki S, Braesike P, Brühl C, Butchart N, Chipperfield M, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Garny H, Hardiman SC, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Pawson S, Pitari G, Plummer D, Pyle JA, Rozanov E, Scinocca J, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Tian W. Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Tropics and global trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Staten PW, Reichler T. Use of radio occultation for long-term tropopause studies: Uncertainties, biases, and instabilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Seidel DJ, Randel WJ. Recent widening of the tropical belt: Evidence from tropopause observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dessler AE, Hanisco TF, Fueglistaler S. Effects of convective ice lofting on H2O and HDO in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jain AR, Das SS, Mandal TK, Mitra AP. Observations of extremely low tropopause temperature over the Indian tropical region during monsoon and postmonsoon months: Possible implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rohs S, Schiller C, Riese M, Engel A, Schmidt U, Wetter T, Levin I, Nakazawa T, Aoki S. Long-term changes of methane and hydrogen in the stratosphere in the period 1978–2003 and their impact on the abundance of stratospheric water vapor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Randel WJ, Wu F, Vömel H, Nedoluha GE, Forster P. Decreases in stratospheric water vapor after 2001: Links to changes in the tropical tropopause and the Brewer-Dobson circulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fueglistaler S, Haynes PH. Control of interannual and longer-term variability of stratospheric water vapor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schmidt T, Wickert J, Beyerle G, Reigber C. Tropical tropopause parameters derived from GPS radio occultation measurements with CHAMP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Schmidt
- Department 1: Geodesy and Remote Sensing; GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - J. Wickert
- Department 1: Geodesy and Remote Sensing; GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - G. Beyerle
- Department 1: Geodesy and Remote Sensing; GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - C. Reigber
- Department 1: Geodesy and Remote Sensing; GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
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Jiang JH, Wang B, Goya K, Hocke K, Eckermann SD, Ma J, Wu DL, Read WG. Geographical distribution and interseasonal variability of tropical deep convection: UARS MLS observations and analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Jiang
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Meteorology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Kenshi Goya
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Kyushu University; Hakozaki, Fukuoka Japan
| | - Klemens Hocke
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Aeronomie; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
| | - Stephen D. Eckermann
- Middle Atmosphere Dynamics Section; Naval Research Laboratory; Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Computational Physics Inc.; Springfield Virginia USA
| | - Dong L. Wu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - William G. Read
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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Fueglistaler S, Wernli H, Peter T. Tropical troposphere-to-stratosphere transport inferred from trajectory calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Fueglistaler
- Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule; Zürich Switzerland
| | - H. Wernli
- Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule; Zürich Switzerland
| | - T. Peter
- Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule; Zürich Switzerland
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Clark HL, Harwood RS, Billingham A, Pumphrey HC. Cirrus and water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer observed by Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Clark
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques; Toulouse France
| | - R. S. Harwood
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - A. Billingham
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - H. C. Pumphrey
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
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Stohl A. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange: A review, and what we have learned from STACCATO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sherwood S. A microphysical connection among biomass burning, cumulus clouds, and stratospheric moisture. Science 2002; 295:1272-5. [PMID: 11847336 DOI: 10.1126/science.1065080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A likely causal chain is established here that connects humidity in the stratosphere, relative humidity near the tropical tropopause, ice crystal size in towering cumulus clouds, and aerosols associated with tropical biomass burning. The connections are revealed in satellite-observed fluctuations of each quantity on monthly to yearly time scales. More aerosols lead to smaller ice crystals and more water vapor entering the stratosphere. The connections are consistent with physical reasoning, probably hold on longer time scales, and may help to explain why stratospheric water vapor appears to have been increasing for the past five decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Sherwood
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Vömel H. Balloon-borne observations of water vapor and ozone in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rind D, Lerner J, McLinden C. Changes of tracer distributions in the doubled CO2climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clark HL, Billingham A, Harwood RS, Pumphrey HC. Water vapor in the tropical lower stratosphere during the driest phase of the atmospheric “tape recorder”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Seidel DJ, Ross RJ, Angell JK, Reid GC. Climatological characteristics of the tropical tropopause as revealed by radiosondes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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