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Sorooshian A, Corral AF, Braun RA, Cairns B, Crosbie E, Ferrare R, Hair J, Kleb MM, Mardi AH, Maring H, McComiskey A, Moore R, Painemal D, Jo Scarino A, Schlosser J, Shingler T, Shook M, Wang H, Zeng X, Ziemba L, Zuidema P. Atmospheric Research Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean Region and North American East Coast: A Review of Past Work and Challenges Ahead. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2020; 125:10.1029/2019jd031626. [PMID: 32699733 PMCID: PMC7375207 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd031626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Decades of atmospheric research have focused on the Western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) region because of its unique location that offers accessibility for airborne and ship measurements, gradients in important atmospheric parameters, and a range of meteorological regimes leading to diverse conditions that are poorly understood. This work reviews these scientific investigations for the WNAO region, including the East Coast of North America and the island of Bermuda. Over 50 field campaigns and long-term monitoring programs, in addition to 715 peer-reviewed publications between 1946 and 2019 have provided a firm foundation of knowledge for these areas. Of particular importance in this region has been extensive work at the island of Bermuda that is host to important time series records of oceanic and atmospheric variables. Our review categorizes WNAO atmospheric research into eight major categories, with some studies fitting into multiple categories (relative %): Aerosols (25%), Gases (24%), Development/Validation of Techniques, Models, and Retrievals (18%), Meteorology and Transport (9%), Air-Sea Interactions (8%), Clouds/Storms (8%), Atmospheric Deposition (7%), and Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (2%). Recommendations for future research are provided in the categories highlighted above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Andrea F. Corral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Rachel A. Braun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Brian Cairns
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY
| | - Ewan Crosbie
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | | | | | | | - Ali Hossein Mardi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | | | - David Painemal
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | - Amy Jo Scarino
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | - Joseph Schlosser
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Hailong Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Xubin Zeng
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Paquita Zuidema
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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Knowland KE, Doherty RM, Hodges KI, Ott LE. The influence of mid-latitude cyclones on European background surface ozone. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:12421-12447. [PMID: 32714379 PMCID: PMC7380074 DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-12421-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between springtime mid-latitude cyclones and background ozone (O3) is explored using a combination of observational and reanalysis data sets. First, the relationship between surface O3 observations at two rural monitoring sites on the west coast of Europe - Mace Head, Ireland and Monte Velho, Portugal - and cyclone track frequency in the surrounding regions is examined. Second, detailed case study examination of four individual mid-latitude cyclones and the influence of the associated frontal passage on surface O3 is performed. Cyclone tracks have a greater influence on the O3 measurements at the more northern coastal European station, Mace Head, located within the main North Atlantic (NA) storm track. In particular, when cyclones track north of 53° N, there is a significant relationship with high levels of surface O3 (> 75th percentile). The further away a cyclone is from the NA storm track, the more likely it will be associated with both high and low (< 25th percentile) levels of O3 at the observation site during the cyclone's life cycle. The results of the four case studies demonstrate a) the importance of the passage of a cyclone's cold front in relation to surface O3 measurements, b) the ability of mid-latitude cyclones to bring down high levels of O3 from the stratosphere and c) that accompanying surface high pressure systems and their associated transport pathways play an important role in the temporal variability of surface O3. The main source of high O3 to these two sites in springtime is from the stratosphere, either from direct injection into the cyclone or associated with aged airstreams from decaying downstream cyclones that can become entrained and descend toward the surface within new cyclones over the NA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Emma Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR)
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth M. Doherty
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Lesley E. Ott
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Knowland KE, Ott LE, Duncan BN, Wargan K. Stratospheric intrusion-influenced ozone air quality exceedances investigated in the NASA MERRA-2 Reanalysis. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 44:10691-10701. [PMID: 32692318 PMCID: PMC7370994 DOI: 10.1002/2017gl074532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stratospheric intrusions have been the interest of decades of research for their ability to bring stratospheric ozone (O3) into the troposphere with the potential to enhance surface O3 concentrations. However, these intrusions have been misrepresented in models and reanalyses until recently, as the features of a stratospheric intrusion are best identified in horizontal resolutions of 50 km or smaller. NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version-2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis is a publicly-available high-resolution dataset (~50 km) with assimilated O3 that characterizes O3 on the same spatiotemporal resolution as the meteorology. We demonstrate the science capabilities of the MERRA-2 reanalysis when applied to the evaluation of stratospheric intrusions that impact surface air quality. This is demonstrated through a case study analysis of stratospheric intrusion-influenced O3 exceedences in spring 2012 in Colorado, using a combination of observations, the MERRA-2 reanalysis and the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Knowland
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA)/Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR)
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - L E Ott
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - B N Duncan
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - K Wargan
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Lanham, Maryland, USA
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Fiore AM, Naik V, Leibensperger EM. Air quality and climate connections. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2015; 65:645-85. [PMID: 25976481 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple linkages connect air quality and climate change. Many air pollutant sources also emit carbon dioxide (CO2), the dominant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG). The two main contributors to non-attainment of U.S. ambient air quality standards, ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM), interact with radiation, forcing climate change. PM warms by absorbing sunlight (e.g., black carbon) or cools by scattering sunlight (e.g., sulfates) and interacts with clouds; these radiative and microphysical interactions can induce changes in precipitation and regional circulation patterns. Climate change is expected to degrade air quality in many polluted regions by changing air pollution meteorology (ventilation and dilution), precipitation and other removal processes, and by triggering some amplifying responses in atmospheric chemistry and in anthropogenic and natural sources. Together, these processes shape distributions and extreme episodes of O3 and PM. Global modeling indicates that as air pollution programs reduce SO2 to meet health and other air quality goals, near-term warming accelerates due to "unmasking" of warming induced by rising CO2. Air pollutant controls on CH4, a potent GHG and precursor to global O3 levels, and on sources with high black carbon (BC) to organic carbon (OC) ratios could offset near-term warming induced by SO2 emission reductions, while reducing global background O3 and regionally high levels of PM. Lowering peak warming requires decreasing atmospheric CO2, which for some source categories would also reduce co-emitted air pollutants or their precursors. Model projections for alternative climate and air quality scenarios indicate a wide range for U.S. surface O3 and fine PM, although regional projections may be confounded by interannual to decadal natural climate variability. Continued implementation of U.S. NOx emission controls guards against rising pollution levels triggered either by climate change or by global emission growth. Improved accuracy and trends in emission inventories are critical for accountability analyses of historical and projected air pollution and climate mitigation policies. IMPLICATIONS The expansion of U.S. air pollution policy to protect climate provides an opportunity for joint mitigation, with CH4 a prime target. BC reductions in developing nations would lower the global health burden, and for BC-rich sources (e.g., diesel) may lessen warming. Controls on these emissions could offset near-term warming induced by health-motivated reductions of sulfate (cooling). Wildfires, dust, and other natural PM and O3 sources may increase with climate warming, posing challenges to implementing and attaining air quality standards. Accountability analyses for recent and projected air pollution and climate control strategies should underpin estimated benefits and trade-offs of future policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene M Fiore
- a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University , Palisades , NY , USA
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Climate variability modulates western US ozone air quality in spring via deep stratospheric intrusions. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7105. [PMID: 25964012 PMCID: PMC4432627 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests deep stratospheric intrusions can elevate western US surface ozone to unhealthy levels during spring. These intrusions can be classified as 'exceptional events', which are not counted towards non-attainment determinations. Understanding the factors driving the year-to-year variability of these intrusions is thus relevant for effective implementation of the US ozone air quality standard. Here we use observations and model simulations to link these events to modes of climate variability. We show more frequent late spring stratospheric intrusions when the polar jet meanders towards the western United States, such as occurs following strong La Niña winters (Niño3.4<-1.0 °C). While El Niño leads to enhancements of upper tropospheric ozone, we find this influence does not reach surface air. Fewer and weaker intrusion events follow in the two springs after the 1991 volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The linkage between La Niña and western US stratospheric intrusions can be exploited to provide a few months of lead time during which preparations could be made to deploy targeted measurements aimed at identifying these exceptional events.
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Lin M, Fiore AM, Cooper OR, Horowitz LW, Langford AO, Levy H, Johnson BJ, Naik V, Oltmans SJ, Senff CJ. Springtime high surface ozone events over the western United States: Quantifying the role of stratospheric intrusions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd018151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Brown-Steiner B, Hess P. Asian influence on surface ozone in the United States: A comparison of chemistry, seasonality, and transport mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fang Y, Fiore AM, Horowitz LW, Levy H, Hu Y, Russell AG. Sensitivity of the NOybudget over the United States to anthropogenic and lightning NOxin summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fang Y, Fiore AM, Horowitz LW, Gnanadesikan A, Levy H, Hu Y, Russell AG. Estimating the contribution of strong daily export events to total pollutant export from the United States in summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ding A, Wang T, Xue L, Gao J, Stohl A, Lei H, Jin D, Ren Y, Wang X, Wei X, Qi Y, Liu J, Zhang X. Transport of north China air pollution by midlatitude cyclones: Case study of aircraft measurements in summer 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Choi Y, Vay SA, Vadrevu KP, Soja AJ, Woo JH, Nolf SR, Sachse GW, Diskin GS, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Singh HB, Avery MA, Fried A, Pfister L, Fuelberg HE. Characteristics of the atmospheric CO2signal as observed over the conterminous United States during INTEX-NA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Darby LS, McKeen SA, Senff CJ, White AB, Banta RM, Post MJ, Brewer WA, Marchbanks R, Alvarez RJ, Peckham SE, Mao H, Talbot R. Ozone differences between near-coastal and offshore sites in New England: Role of meteorology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Hegarty J, Mao H, Talbot R. Synoptic controls on summertime surface ozone in the northeastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Ravetta F, Ancellet G, Colette A, Schlager H. Long-range transport and tropospheric ozone variability in the western Mediterranean region during the Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP-2004) campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ravetta
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - A. Colette
- Service d'Aéronomie; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Paris France
| | - H. Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt; Wessling Germany
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Chen M, Talbot R, Mao H, Sive B, Chen J, Griffin RJ. Air mass classification in coastal New England and its relationship to meteorological conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Robert Talbot
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Huiting Mao
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Barkley Sive
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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Auvray M, Bey I, Llull E, Schultz MG, Rast S. A model investigation of tropospheric ozone chemical tendencies in long-range transported pollution plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Kiley CM, Fuelberg HE. An examination of summertime cyclone transport processes during Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-A). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Owen RC, Cooper OR, Stohl A, Honrath RE. An analysis of the mechanisms of North American pollutant transport to the central North Atlantic lower free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. Owen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - O. R. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado/NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Stohl
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - R. E. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
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19
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Wang KY. A 9-year climatology of airstreams in East Asia and implications for the transport of pollutants and downstream impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Auvray M. Long-range transport to Europe: Seasonal variations and implications for the European ozone budget. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huntrieser H. Intercontinental air pollution transport from North America to Europe: Experimental evidence from airborne measurements and surface observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Li Q. North American pollution outflow and the trapping of convectively lifted pollution by upper-level anticyclone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Takigawa M, Sudo K, Akimoto H, Kita K, Takegawa N, Kondo Y, Takahashi M. Estimation of the contribution of intercontinental transport during the PEACE campaign by using a global model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Oshima N, Koike M, Nakamura H, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Miyazaki Y, Blake DR, Shirai T, Kita K, Kawakami S, Ogawa T. Asian chemical outflow to the Pacific in late spring observed during the PEACE-B aircraft mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Oshima
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Nakamura
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - T. Shirai
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; Ibaraki University; Ibaraki Japan
| | - S. Kawakami
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
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Cooper O, Forster C, Parrish D, Dunlea E, Hübler G, Fehsenfeld F, Holloway J, Oltmans S, Johnson B, Wimmers A, Horowitz L. On the life cycle of a stratospheric intrusion and its dispersion into polluted warm conveyor belts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Forster
- Department of Ecology; Technical University of Munich; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - D. Parrish
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. Dunlea
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Hübler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - J. Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Oltmans
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. Johnson
- NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Wimmers
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - L. Horowitz
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Princeton New Jersey USA
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Cooper OR, Forster C, Parrish D, Trainer M, Dunlea E, Ryerson T, Hübler G, Fehsenfeld F, Nicks D, Holloway J, de Gouw J, Warneke C, Roberts JM, Flocke F, Moody J. A case study of transpacific warm conveyor belt transport: Influence of merging airstreams on trace gas import to North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. R. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Forster
- Department of Ecology; Technical University of Munich; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - D. Parrish
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Trainer
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. Dunlea
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. Ryerson
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Hübler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - D. Nicks
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. M. Roberts
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Flocke
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Moody
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
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27
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Parrish DD. Fraction and composition of NOytransported in air masses lofted from the North American continental boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li Q. Export of NOyfrom the North American boundary layer: Reconciling aircraft observations and global model budgets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Igarashi Y. Monitoring the SO2concentration at the summit of Mt. Fuji and a comparison with other trace gases during winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wimmers AJ. Tropopause folding at satellite-observed spatial gradients: 1. Verification of an empirical relationship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mari C. Export of Asian pollution during two cold front episodes of the TRACE-P experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fischer EV. Summertime ozone at Mount Washington: Meteorological controls at the highest peak in the northeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Honrath RE. Regional and hemispheric impacts of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions on summertime CO and O3in the North Atlantic lower free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Methven J, Arnold SR, O'Connor FM, Barjat H, Dewey K, Kent J, Brough N. Estimating photochemically produced ozone throughout a domain using flight data and a Lagrangian model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Methven
- Department of Meteorology; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - S. R. Arnold
- School of the Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - F. M. O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | | | - K. Dewey
- Met Research Flight; Farnborough UK
| | - J. Kent
- Met Research Flight; Farnborough UK
| | - N. Brough
- School of Environmental Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich UK
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Stohl A. A backward modeling study of intercontinental pollution transport using aircraft measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Esler JG. Transport and mixing between airmasses in cold frontal regions during Dynamics and Chemistry of Frontal Zones (DCFZ). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hess PG. Intercontinental transport, chemical transformations, and baroclinic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hannan JR. Role of wave cyclones in transporting boundary layer air to the free troposphere during the spring 2001 NASA/TRACE-P experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Roelofs GJ. Intercomparison of tropospheric ozone models: Ozone transport in a complex tropopause folding event. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Trickl T. Intercontinental transport and its influence on the ozone concentrations over central Europe: Three case studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu H. Transport pathways for Asian pollution outflow over the Pacific: Interannual and seasonal variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stohl A, Eckhardt S, Forster C, James P, Spichtinger N. On the pathways and timescales of intercontinental air pollution transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stohl
- Lehrstuhl für Bioklimatologie und Immissionsforschung; Technical University of Munich; Freising Germany
| | - Sabine Eckhardt
- Lehrstuhl für Bioklimatologie und Immissionsforschung; Technical University of Munich; Freising Germany
| | - Caroline Forster
- Lehrstuhl für Bioklimatologie und Immissionsforschung; Technical University of Munich; Freising Germany
| | - Paul James
- Lehrstuhl für Bioklimatologie und Immissionsforschung; Technical University of Munich; Freising Germany
| | - Nicole Spichtinger
- Lehrstuhl für Bioklimatologie und Immissionsforschung; Technical University of Munich; Freising Germany
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Mari C, Saüt C, Jacob DJ, Staudt A, Avery MA, Brune WH, Faloona I, Heikes BG, Sachse GW, Sandholm ST, Singh HB, Tan D. On the relative role of convection, chemistry, and transport over the South Pacific Convergence Zone during PEM-Tropics B: A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stohl A, Trainer M, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS, Parrish DD. Export of NOyfrom the North American boundary layer during 1996 and 1997 North Atlantic Regional Experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stohl
- Lehrstuhl für Bioklimatologie und Immissionsforschung; Technical University of Munich; Freising Germany
| | - Michael Trainer
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Tom B. Ryerson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - John S. Holloway
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - David D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
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Cooper OR. Trace gas composition of midlatitude cyclones over the western North Atlantic Ocean: A conceptual model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li Q. Transatlantic transport of pollution and its effects on surface ozone in Europe and North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cooper OR. Trace gas composition of midlatitude cyclones over the western North Atlantic Ocean: A seasonal comparison of O3and CO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stroud CA, Roberts JM, Williams J, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Ryerson TB, Sueper D, Parrish DD, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Flocke F, Schauffler SM, Stroud VRF, Atlas E. Alkyl nitrate measurements during STERAO 1996 and NARE 1997: Intercomparison and survey of results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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