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Mishra AK. Nature and sources of ionic species in rainwater during monsoon periods in and around sixteenth-seventeenth century CE monuments in Yamuna River basin, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:86. [PMID: 33501567 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nature and sources of ionic species were studied in the monsoon rainwater collected from two monuments of the sixteenth-seventeenth century CE in the Yamuna River basin from 2016 to 2018. The results showed the acidic pH of the rainwater with high dissolved SO4-2 and NO3-, and soil-derived components (Ca+2, Mg+2, and K+). The anionic (SO4-2, NO3-, Cl-, F-, and HCO3-) and cationic (Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, NH4+, and Na+) concentrations showed regional differences in yearly contribution mainly from the fossil fuel combustion, soil dust, and farm residue burning. The rainwater analysis showed low dissolved ions at SCTK (Sheikh Chilli's Tomb, Kurukshetra) compared to KBMP (Kabuli Bagh Mosque, Panipat). The mean concentration of SO4-2 was 1.5 times higher than the NO3- apportioning the sulfate as a dominant acidifying constituent in rainwater. Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) showed terrestrial and marine origins of dissolved ions in the rainwater. The Na-normalized molar ratios and the analysis of sea salt and non-sea salt fractions indicate the dominance of non-marine contributions in the precipitation. Based on neutralization factors, cations showed neutralization of rainwater acidity as follows: NFCa+2 > NFMg+2 > NFNH4+ > NFK+. The potential index showed the dominance of the neutralization potential (NP) on acidic potential (AP) at both locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826 004, India
- Archeological Survey of India, Chandigarh Zone, Kendriya Sadan, Room No. 24, Sector-9A, Chandigarh, 160 009, India
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Naidja L, Ali-Khodja H, Khardi S. Sources and levels of particulate matter in North African and Sub-Saharan cities: a literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12303-12328. [PMID: 29557037 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the significance of PM in ambient air, it is necessary to evaluate their physical and chemical characteristics as well as identify their major emission sources. On a global scale, particulate matter in the atmosphere arises mainly from the combustion process of motorized vehicles, but natural sources are still considered as the major contributors. In Africa, PM emissions differ from those in developed countries; human activities such as biomass burning in households, poor household waste management, and the high number of diesel-powered vehicles are the predominant anthropogenic sources. Natural contributions are also observed. Saharan dust and savanna fires are the most common atmospheric natural sources of particulate matter. The present literature review gives an overview of the status of air quality in African cities and highlights the various sources of particulate matter emissions and local human activities specific to each African region. This could likely serve as a reference to evaluate the current air quality in this region and will be a useful tool in the future to develop pollution mitigation strategies at the source. Recommendations are proposed in the conclusion in order to reduce emissions from their sources, taking into account the low-income African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamri Naidja
- Laboratoire de Pollution et Traitement des Eaux, Université Frères Mentouri, Route de Aïn El Bey, 25017, Constantine, Algeria.
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques, BP 384, Siège ex-Pasna Zone Industrielle, CP 42004, Bou-Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria.
| | - Hocine Ali-Khodja
- Laboratoire de Pollution et Traitement des Eaux, Université Frères Mentouri, Route de Aïn El Bey, 25017, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Salah Khardi
- Claude Bernard University- IFSTTAR LTE, 25, avenue François Mitterrand, Case 24 Cité des mobilités, F-69675, Bron Cedex, France
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Ji Y, Wang H, Chen J, Li G, An T, Zhao X. Can Silica Particles Reduce Air Pollution by Facilitating the Reactions of Aliphatic Aldehyde and NO2? J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11376-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuemeng Ji
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute
of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute
of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute
of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guiying Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute
of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Taicheng An
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory
of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute
of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- School
of Physics and Chemistry, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
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Pun BK, Seigneur C, Lohman K. Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation via multiphase partitioning with molecular data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:4722-31. [PMID: 16913130 DOI: 10.1021/es0522736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new model for atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is presented for biogenic compounds. It is based to the extent possible on experimental molecular SOA data, and it is compatible with any existing gas-phase chemical kinetic mechanism. Six SOA precursors or groups of precursors are used to represent biogenic monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. SOA formation is modeled using five SOA surrogates to represent classes of compounds with different partitioning properties, e.g., hydrophobicity, aqueous solubility, acid dissociation, and saturation vapor pressure. Model simulations are evaluated against smog chamber data for SOA yields and some adjustments are made to uncertain stoichiometric coefficients and saturation vapor pressure parameters to improve model performance. The model is applied undertypical atmospheric conditions to exemplify the effect of relative humidity on SOA formation and the relative contributions of hydrophilic and hydrophobic SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty K Pun
- Atmospheric & Environmental Research, Inc., 2682 Bishop Drive, Suite 120, San Ramon, California 94583, USA
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Mashburn CD, Frinak EK, Tolbert MA. Heterogeneous uptake of nitric acid on Na-montmorillonite clay as a function of relative humidity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Liao H. Global impacts of gas-phase chemistry-aerosol interactions on direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic aerosols and ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Laskin A, Iedema MJ, Ichkovich A, Graber ER, Taraniuk I, Rudich Y. Direct observation of completely processed calcium carbonate dust particles. Faraday Discuss 2005; 130:453-68; discussion 491-517, 519-24. [PMID: 16161798 DOI: 10.1039/b417366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents, for the first time, field evidence of complete, irreversible processing of solid calcium carbonate (calcite)-containing particles and quantitative formation of liquid calcium nitrate particles apparently as a result of heterogeneous reaction of calcium carbonate-containing mineral dust particles with gaseous nitric acid. Formation of nitrates from individual calcite and sea salt particles was followed as a function of time in aerosol samples collected at Shoresh, Israel. Morphology and compositional changes of individual particles were observed using conventional scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (SEM/EDX) and computer controlled SEM/EDX. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was utilized to determine and demonstrate the hygroscopic behavior of calcium nitrate particles found in some of the samples. Calcium nitrate particles are exceptionally hygroscopic and deliquesce even at very low relative humidity (RH) of 9-11% which is lower than typical atmospheric environments. Transformation of non-hygroscopic dry mineral dust particles into hygroscopic wet aerosol may have substantial impacts on light scattering properties, the ability to modify clouds and heterogeneous chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskin
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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Kelly JT. Thermodynamics of carbonates and hydrates related to heterogeneous reactions involving mineral aerosol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jaeglé L, Martin RV, Chance K, Steinberger L, Kurosu TP, Jacob DJ, Modi AI, Yoboué V, Sigha-Nkamdjou L, Galy-Lacaux C. Satellite mapping of rain-induced nitric oxide emissions from soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - R. V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science; Dalhousie University; Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - K. Chance
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - L. Steinberger
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - T. P. Kurosu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - D. J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - A. I. Modi
- Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure; University Abdou Moumouny of Niamey; Niamey Niger
| | - V. Yoboué
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère; Université de Cocody; Abidjan, Ivory Coast Africa
| | | | - C. Galy-Lacaux
- Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées; Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Toulouse France
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Rodriguez MA. IMAGES-SCAPE2: A modeling study of size- and chemically resolved aerosol thermodynamics in a global chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bauer SE. Global modeling of heterogeneous chemistry on mineral aerosol surfaces: Influence on tropospheric ozone chemistry and comparison to observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liao H. Global radiative forcing of coupled tropospheric ozone and aerosols in a unified general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Usher
- Department of Chemistry, and Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. USA
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Bian H, Zender CS. Mineral dust and global tropospheric chemistry: Relative roles of photolysis and heterogeneous uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Bian
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California at Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - Charles S. Zender
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California at Irvine; Irvine California USA
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Liao H. Interactions between tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in a unified general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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