1
|
George H, Reeves G, Cunningham G, Kalliokoski MMH, Kilpua E, Osmane A, Henderson MG, Morley SK, Hoilijoki S, Palmroth M. Contributions to Loss Across the Magnetopause During an Electron Dropout Event. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2022; 127:e2022JA030751. [PMID: 36591320 PMCID: PMC9787648 DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dropout events are dramatic decreases in radiation belt electron populations that can occur in as little as 30 minutes. Loss to magnetopause due to a combination of magnetopause shadowing and outward radial transport plays a significant role in these events. We examine the dropout of relativistic electron populations during the October 2012 geomagnetic storm using simulated electron phase space density, evaluating the contribution of different processes to losses across the magnetopause. We compare loss contribution from outward transport calculated using a standard empirical radial diffusion model that assumes a dipolar geomagnetic field to an event-specific radial diffusion model evaluated with a non-dipolar geomagnetic field. We additionally evaluate the contribution of Shabansky type 1 particles, which bounce along magnetic field lines with local equatorial maxima, to the loss calculated during this event. We find that the empirical radial diffusion model with a dipolar background field underestimates the contribution of radial diffusion to this dropout event by up to 10% when compared to the event-specific, non-dipolar radial diffusion model. We additionally find that including Shabansky type 1 particles in the initial electron phase space density, that is, allowing some magnetic field lines distorted from the typical single-minima configuration in drift shell construction, increases the calculated loss by an average of 0.75%. This shows that the treatment of the geomagnetic field significantly impacts the calculation of electron losses to the magnetopause during dropout events, with the non-dipolar treatment of radial diffusion being essential to accurately quantify the loss of outer radiation belt populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. George
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - G. Reeves
- Intelligence and Space Research DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA
| | - G. Cunningham
- Intelligence and Space Research DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA
| | | | - E. Kilpua
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - A. Osmane
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - M. G. Henderson
- Intelligence and Space Research DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA
| | - S. K. Morley
- Intelligence and Space Research DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA
| | - S. Hoilijoki
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - M. Palmroth
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Space and Earth Observation CenterFinnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Matteo S, Villante U, Viall N, Kepko L, Wallace S. On Differentiating Multiple Types of ULF Magnetospheric Waves in Response to Solar Wind Periodic Density Structures. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2022; 127:e2021JA030144. [PMID: 35859722 PMCID: PMC9285707 DOI: 10.1029/2021ja030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the nature and source of ultra-low frequencies (ULF) waves (f ⪅ 4 mHz) at discrete frequencies in the Earth's magnetosphere is a complex task. The challenge comes from the simultaneous occurrence of externally and internally generated waves, and the ability to robustly identify such perturbations. Using a recently developed robust spectral analysis procedure, we study an interval that exhibited in magnetic field measurements at geosynchronous orbit and in-ground magnetic observatories both internally supported and externally generated ULF waves. The event occurred on 9 November 2002 during the interaction of the magnetosphere with two interplanetary shocks that were followed by a train of 90 min solar wind periodic density structures. Using the Wang-Sheeley-Arge model, we mapped the source of this solar wind stream to an active region and a mid-latitude coronal hole just prior to crossing the Heliospheric current sheet. In both the solar wind density and magnetospheric field fluctuations, we separated broad power increases from enhancements at specific frequencies. For the waves at discrete frequencies, we used the combination of satellite and ground magnetometer observations to identify differences in frequency, polarization, and observed magnetospheric locations. The magnetospheric response was characterized by: (a) forced breathing by periodic solar wind dynamic pressure variations below ≈1 mHz, (b) a combination of directly driven oscillations and wave modes triggered by additional mechanisms (e.g., shock and interplanetary magnetic field discontinuity impact, and substorm activity) between ≈1 and 4 mHz, and (c) largely triggered modes above ≈4 mHz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Di Matteo
- Department of PhysicsThe Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - U. Villante
- Department of Physical and Chemical SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly
- Consorzio Area di Ricerca in AstrogeofisicaL’AquilaItaly
| | - N. Viall
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - L. Kepko
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - S. Wallace
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Matteo S, Viall NM, Kepko L, Wallace S, Arge CN, MacNeice P. Helios Observations of Quasiperiodic Density Structures in the Slow Solar Wind at 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 AU. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2019; 124:837-860. [PMID: 32908809 PMCID: PMC7477809 DOI: 10.1029/2018ja026182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following previous investigations of quasiperiodic plasma density structures in the solar wind at 1 AU, we show using the Helios1 and Helios2 data their first identification in situ in the inner heliosphere at 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 AU. We present five events of quasiperiodic density structures with time scales ranging from a few minutes to a couple of hours in slow solar wind streams. Where possible, we locate the solar source region of these events using photospheric field maps from the Mount Wilson Observatory as input for the Wang-Sheeley-Arge model. The detailed study of the plasma properties of these structures is fundamental to understanding the physical processes occurring at the origin of the release of solar wind plasma. Temperature changes associated with the density structures are consistent with these periodic structures developing in the solar atmosphere as the solar wind is formed. One event contains a flux rope, suggesting that the solar wind was formed as magnetic reconnection opened up a previously closed flux tube at the Sun. This study highlights the types of structures that Parker Solar Probe and the upcoming Solar Orbiter mission will observe, and the types of data analyses these missions will enable. The data from these spacecrafts will provide additional in situ measurements of the solar wind properties in the inner heliosphere allowing, together with the information of the other interplanetary probes, a more comprehensive study of solar wind formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Di Matteo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Consorzio Area di Ricerca in Astrogeofisica, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - N. M. Viall
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - L. Kepko
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S. Wallace
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C. N. Arge
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - P. MacNeice
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wing S, Johnson JR. Applications of Information Theory in Solar and Space Physics. ENTROPY 2019; 21:e21020140. [PMID: 33266856 PMCID: PMC7514618 DOI: 10.3390/e21020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing and modeling processes at the sun and space plasma in our solar system are difficult because the underlying physics is often complex, nonlinear, and not well understood. The drivers of a system are often nonlinearly correlated with one another, which makes it a challenge to understand the relative effects caused by each driver. However, entropy-based information theory can be a valuable tool that can be used to determine the information flow among various parameters, causalities, untangle the drivers, and provide observational constraints that can help guide the development of the theories and physics-based models. We review two examples of the applications of the information theoretic tools at the Sun and near-Earth space environment. In the first example, the solar wind drivers of radiation belt electrons are investigated using mutual information (MI), conditional mutual information (CMI), and transfer entropy (TE). As previously reported, radiation belt electron flux (Je) is anticorrelated with solar wind density (nsw) with a lag of 1 day. However, this lag time and anticorrelation can be attributed mainly to the Je(t + 2 days) correlation with solar wind velocity (Vsw)(t) and nsw(t + 1 day) anticorrelation with Vsw(t). Analyses of solar wind driving of the magnetosphere need to consider the large lag times, up to 3 days, in the (Vsw, nsw) anticorrelation. Using CMI to remove the effects of Vsw, the response of Je to nsw is 30% smaller and has a lag time <24 h, suggesting that the loss mechanism due to nsw or solar wind dynamic pressure has to start operating in <24 h. Nonstationarity in the system dynamics is investigated using windowed TE. The triangle distribution in Je(t + 2 days) vs. Vsw(t) can be better understood with TE. In the second example, the previously identified causal parameters of the solar cycle in the Babcock-Leighton type model such as the solar polar field, meridional flow, polar faculae (proxy for polar field), and flux emergence are investigated using TE. The transfer of information from the polar field to the sunspot number (SSN) peaks at lag times of 3-4 years. Both the flux emergence and the meridional flow contribute to the polar field, but at different time scales. The polar fields from at least the last 3 cycles contain information about SSN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wing
- Applied Physics Laboratory, the Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723-6099, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-228-8075
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jaynes AN, Ali AF, Elkington SR, Malaspina DM, Baker DN, Li X, Kanekal SG, Henderson MG, Kletzing CA, Wygant JR. Fast Diffusion of Ultrarelativistic Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belt: 17 March 2015 Storm Event. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 45:10874-10882. [PMID: 31007304 PMCID: PMC6472651 DOI: 10.1029/2018gl079786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Inward radial diffusion driven by ULF waves has long been known to be capable of accelerating radiation belt electrons to very high energies within the heart of the belts, but more recent work has shown that radial diffusion values can be highly event-specific, and mean values or empirical models may not capture the full significance of radial diffusion to acceleration events. Here we present an event of fast inward radial diffusion, occurring during a period following the geomagnetic storm of 17 March 2015. Ultrarelativistic electrons up to ∼8 MeV are accelerated in the absence of intense higher-frequency plasma waves, indicating an acceleration event in the core of the outer belt driven primarily or entirely by ULF wave-driven diffusion. We examine this fast diffusion rate along with derived radial diffusion coefficients using particle and fields instruments on the Van Allen Probes spacecraft mission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Jaynes
- Department of Physics & AstronomyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - A. F. Ali
- Air Force Research LabKirtland Air Force BaseAlbuquerqueNMUSA
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space ScienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - S. R. Elkington
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space ScienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - D. M. Malaspina
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space ScienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - D. N. Baker
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space ScienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - X. Li
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space ScienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - S. G. Kanekal
- Division of HeliophysicsNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | | | - C. A. Kletzing
- Department of Physics & AstronomyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - J. R. Wygant
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Minnesota, Twin CitiesMinneapolisMNUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murphy KR, Inglis AR, Sibeck DG, Rae IJ, Watt CEJ, Silveira M, Plaschke F, Claudepierre SG, Nakamura R. Determining the Mode, Frequency, and Azimuthal Wave Number of ULF Waves During a HSS and Moderate Geomagnetic Storm. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2018; 123:6457-6477. [PMID: 31681521 PMCID: PMC6813628 DOI: 10.1029/2017ja024877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultralow frequency (ULF) waves play a fundamental role in the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere and outer radiation belt during geomagnetic storms. Broadband ULF wave power can transport energetic electrons via radial diffusion, and discrete ULF wave power can energize electrons through a resonant interaction. Using observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we characterize the evolution of ULF waves during a high-speed solar wind stream (HSS) and moderate geomagnetic storm while there is an enhancement of the outer radiation belt. The Automated Flare Inference of Oscillations code is used to distinguish discrete ULF wave power from broadband wave power during the HSS. During periods of discrete wave power and utilizing the close separation of the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, we estimate the toroidal mode ULF azimuthal wave number throughout the geomagnetic storm. We concentrate on the toroidal mode as the HSS compresses the dayside magnetosphere resulting in an asymmetric magnetic field topology where toroidal mode waves can interact with energetic electrons. Analysis of the mode structure and wave numbers demonstrates that the generation of the observed ULF waves is a combination of externally driven waves, via the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, and internally driven waves, via unstable ion distributions. Further analysis of the periods and toroidal azimuthal wave numbers suggests that these waves can couple with the core electron radiation belt population via the drift resonance during the storm. The azimuthal wave number and structure of ULF wave power (broadband or discrete) have important implications for the inner magnetospheric and radiation belt dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R. Murphy
- Department of AstronomyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | | | - David G. Sibeck
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Space Weather Laboratory (674)GreenbeltMDUSA
| | - I. Jonathan Rae
- Department of Space and Climate Physics, Mullard Space Science LaboratoryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rumi Nakamura
- Space Research InstituteAustrian Academy of SciencesGrazAustria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vencloviene J, Babarskiene RM, Kiznys D. A possible association between space weather conditions and the risk of acute coronary syndrome in patients with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:159-167. [PMID: 27344660 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia negatively affects cardiovascular variables that are also adversely affected by increased geomagnetic activity. It is likely that geomagnetic storms (GS) could have a stronger negative impact on these patients. We analyzed data on 1548 randomly selected patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who were admitted inpatient treatment in Kaunas city, during 2000-2003. We evaluated the associations of GS, solar proton events (SPE), and high-speed solar wind (HSSW) (solar wind speed ≥600 km/s) with the risk of ACS in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and the metabolic syndrome (MS) by using logistic regression with categorical predictors. During days of HSSW, the risk of ACS in DM patients increased by 1.95 times (OR = 1.95, 95 % CI 1.36-2.79) as compared to days without either of these events or 2 days prior to or after them. In the multivariate model, the risk of ACS in DM patients was associated with days of HSSW and 1-2 days after (OR = 1.40, 95 % CI 1.01-1.93), with days of GS lasting >1 day and occurring on days of HSSW or 1-2 days after (OR = 2.31, 95 % CI 1.28-4.17), and with the onset of SPE (OR = 2.72 (1.09-6.83)). The risk of ACS in MS patients was associated with days of GS and 1-2 days prior or after GS (OR = 1.31 (1.00-1.73)); an additional impact was established if these days coincided with days of HSSW or 1-2 days before (OR = 2.16 (1.39-3.35)). These findings suggest that not only GS but also HSSW and changes in space weather conditions prior to SPE affect the human cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jone Vencloviene
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaicio St. 58, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Ruta Marija Babarskiene
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivieniu St. 2, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Deivydas Kiznys
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Donelaicio St. 58, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Claudepierre SG, Toffoletto FR, Wiltberger M. Global MHD modeling of resonant ULF waves: Simulations with and without a plasmasphere. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2016; 121:227-244. [PMID: 27668142 PMCID: PMC5020600 DOI: 10.1002/2015ja022048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the plasmaspheric influence on the resonant mode coupling of magnetospheric ultralow frequency (ULF) waves using the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. We present results from two different versions of the model, both driven by the same solar wind conditions: one version that contains a plasmasphere (the LFM coupled to the Rice Convection Model, where the Gallagher plasmasphere model is also included) and another that does not (the stand-alone LFM). We find that the inclusion of a cold, dense plasmasphere has a significant impact on the nature of the simulated ULF waves. For example, the inclusion of a plasmasphere leads to a deeper (more earthward) penetration of the compressional (azimuthal) electric field fluctuations, due to a shift in the location of the wave turning points. Consequently, the locations where the compressional electric field oscillations resonantly couple their energy into local toroidal mode field line resonances also shift earthward. We also find, in both simulations, that higher-frequency compressional (azimuthal) electric field oscillations penetrate deeper than lower frequency oscillations. In addition, the compressional wave mode structure in the simulations is consistent with a radial standing wave oscillation pattern, characteristic of a resonant waveguide. The incorporation of a plasmasphere into the LFM global MHD model represents an advance in the state of the art in regard to ULF wave modeling with such simulations. We offer a brief discussion of the implications for radiation belt modeling techniques that use the electric and magnetic field outputs from global MHD simulations to drive particle dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Wiltberger
- High Altitude ObservatoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColoradoUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tu W, Elkington SR, Li X, Liu W, Bonnell J. Quantifying radial diffusion coefficients of radiation belt electrons based on global MHD simulation and spacecraft measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012ja017901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Kellerman AC, Shprits YY. On the influence of solar wind conditions on the outer-electron radiation belt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja017253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Rae IJ, Mann IR, Murphy KR, Ozeke LG, Milling DK, Chan AA, Elkington SR, Honary F. Ground-based magnetometer determination of in situ Pc4-5 ULF electric field wave spectra as a function of solar wind speed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja017335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Li X, Temerin M, Baker DN, Reeves GD. Behavior of MeV electrons at geosynchronous orbit during last two solar cycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja016934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Li
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - D. N. Baker
- Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. D. Reeves
- Space Science and Applications Group; Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zong Q, Wang Y, Yuan C, Yang B, Wang C, Zhang X. Fast acceleration of “killer” electrons and energetic ions by interplanetary shock stimulated ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
14
|
Pilipenko V, Kozyreva O, Belakhovsky V, Engebretson MJ, Samsonov S. Generation of magnetic and particle Pc5 pulsations during the recovery phase of strong magnetic storms. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2010.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of intense ultra-low-frequency (ULF) activity during three successive strong magnetic storms during 29–31 October 2003 are considered in detail. The spatial structure of Pc5 waves during the recovery phases of these storms is considered not only from the perspective of possible physical mechanisms, but as an important parameter of the ULF driver of relativistic electrons. The global structure of these disturbances is studied using data from a worldwide array of magnetometers and riometers augmented with data from particle detectors and magnetometers on board magnetospheric satellites (GOES, LANL). The local spatial structure is examined using the IMAGE magnetometers and Finnish riometer array. Though a general similarity between the quasi-periodic magnetic and riometer variations is observed, their local propagation patterns turn out to be different. To interpret the observations, we suggest a hypothesis of coupling between two oscillatory systems—a magnetospheric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waveguide/resonator and a system consisting of turbulence + electrons. We propose that the observed Pc5 oscillations are the result of MHD waveguide excitation along the dawn and dusk flanks of the magnetosphere. The magnetospheric waveguide turns out to be in a meta-stable state under high solar wind velocities, and quasi-periodic fluctuations of the solar wind plasma density stimulate the waveguide excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Pilipenko
- Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of the Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Russia
| | - O. Kozyreva
- Institute of the Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - S. Samsonov
- Institute of Cosmophysics and Aeronomy, Yakutsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zong QG, Zhou XZ, Wang YF, Li X, Song P, Baker DN, Fritz TA, Daly PW, Dunlop M, Pedersen A. Energetic electron response to ULF waves induced by interplanetary shocks in the outer radiation belt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q.-G. Zong
- Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology; Peking University; Beijing China
- Center for Atmospheric Research; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - X.-Z. Zhou
- Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Y. F. Wang
- Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - X. Li
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. Song
- Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - D. N. Baker
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. A. Fritz
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - P. W. Daly
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
| | - M. Dunlop
- CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Didcot UK
| | - A. Pedersen
- Department of Physics; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fei Y, Chan AA, Elkington SR, Wiltberger MJ. Radial diffusion and MHD particle simulations of relativistic electron transport by ULF waves in the September 1998 storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Borovsky JE, Denton MH. Differences between CME-driven storms and CIR-driven storms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Loto'aniu TM, Thorne RM, Fraser BJ, Summers D. Estimating relativistic electron pitch angle scattering rates using properties of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave spectrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Iles RHA, Meredith NP, Fazakerley AN, Horne RB. Phase space density analysis of the outer radiation belt energetic electron dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Ukhorskiy AY. Impact of toroidal ULF waves on the outer radiation belt electrons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
21
|
Perry KL. Incorporating spectral characteristics of Pc5 waves into three-dimensional radiation belt modeling and the diffusion of relativistic electrons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004ja010760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
22
|
Brautigam DH. CRRES electric field power spectra and radial diffusion coefficients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004ja010612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
O'Brien TP. Energization of relativistic electrons in the presence of ULF power and MeV microbursts: Evidence for dual ULF and VLF acceleration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Meredith NP. Statistical analysis of relativistic electron energies for cyclotron resonance with EMIC waves observed on CRRES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|