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Studying the Impact on Urban Health over the Greater Delta Region in Egypt Due to Aerosol Variability Using Optical Characteristics from Satellite Observations and Ground-Based AERONET Measurements. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11171998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research addresses the aerosol characteristics and variability over Cairo and the Greater Delta region over the last 20 years using an integrative multi-sensor approach of remotely sensed and PM10 ground data. The accuracy of these satellite aerosol products is also evaluated and compared through cross-validation against ground observations from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) project measured at local stations. The results show the validity of using Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on the Terra and Aqua platforms for quantitative aerosol optical depth (AOD) assessment as compared to Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), and POLarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances (POLDER). In addition, extracted MISR-based aerosol products have been proven to be quite effective in investigating the characteristics of mixed aerosols. Daily AERONET AOD observations were collected and classified using K-means unsupervised machine learning algorithms, showing five typical patterns of aerosols in the region under investigation. Four seasonal aerosol emerging episodes are identified and analyzed using multiple indicators, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), size distribution, single scattering albedo (SSA), and Ångström exponent (AE). The movements and detailed aerosol composition of the aforementioned episodes are demonstrated using NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) back trajectories model in collaboration with aerosol subtype products from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission. These episodes indicate that during the spring, fall, and summer, most of the severe aerosol events are caused by dust or mixed related scenarios, whereas during winter, aerosols of finer size lead to severe heavy conditions. It also demonstrates the impacts of different aerosol sources on urban human health, which are presented by the variations of multiple parameters, including solar radiation, air temperature, humidity, and UV exposure. Scarce ground PM10 data were collected and compared against satellite products, yet owed to their discrete nature of availability, our approach made use of the Random Decision Forest (RDF) model to convert satellite-based AOD and other meteorological parameters to predict PM10. The RDF model with inputs from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) datasets improves the performance of using AOD products to estimate PM10 values. The connection between climate variability and aerosol intensity, as well as their impact on health-related PM2.5 over Egypt is also demonstrated.
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Li Y, Pickering KE, Barth MC, Bela MM, Cummings KA, Allen DJ. Evaluation of Parameterized Convective Transport of Trace Gases in Simulation of Storms Observed During the DC3 Field Campaign. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2018; 123:11238-11261. [PMID: 32023330 PMCID: PMC6999733 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd028779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deep convective transport of surface moisture and pollution from the planetary boundary layer to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere affects the radiation budget and climate. This study uses cloud-parameterized Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry simulations to analyze the subgrid deep convective transport of CO at 12- and 36-km horizontal resolution in supercell and mesoscale convective systems observed during the 2012 Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry field campaign and compares the simulation results with aircraft measurements and cloud-resolved simulations. The best Weather Research and Forecasting simulation of these storms was obtained with the use of the Grell-Freitas convective scheme. The default Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry subgrid convective transport scheme was replaced with a scheme to compute convective transport within the Grell-Freitas subgrid cumulus parameterization, which resulted in improved transport simulations. We examined the CO tendencies due to subgrid- and grid-scale convective transport. Results showed that the subgrid convective transport started earlier than the grid-scale convective transport. The subgrid-scale convective transport reached its maximum during the hour prior to the formation of the grid-scale constant-altitude detrainment layer. After that, both the subgrid- and grid-scale convective transport began to decrease. The subgrid-scale convective transport played a more significant role in the supercell case than the mesoscale convective system case. Subgrid contribution reached ~90% at the beginning of the storm and decreased to ~30% (17%) for the 36-km (12-km) domain 4 hr later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - K. E. Pickering
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M. C. Barth
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M. M. Bela
- University of Colorado Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - K. A. Cummings
- Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), FL, USA
| | - D. J. Allen
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Ervens B. Modeling the processing of aerosol and trace gases in clouds and fogs. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4157-98. [PMID: 25898144 DOI: 10.1021/cr5005887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ervens
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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Mitovski T, Folkins I, Martin RV, Cooper M. Testing convective transport on short time scales: Comparisons with mass divergence and ozone anomaly patterns about high rain events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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van Eijk AMJ, Kusmierczyk-Michulec JT, Francius MJ, Tedeschi G, Piazzola J, Merritt DL, Fontana JD. Sea-spray aerosol particles generated in the surf zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chatfield RB, Guan H, Thompson AM, Smit HGJ. Mechanisms for the intraseasonal variability of tropospheric ozone over the Indian Ocean during the winter monsoon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Chatfield
- Earth Science Division; NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - H. Guan
- Earth Science Division; NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; Sonoma California USA
| | - A. M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
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Lopez JP, Fridlind AM, Jost HJ, Loewenstein M, Ackerman AS, Campos TL, Weinstock EM, Sayres DS, Smith JB, Pittman JV, Hallar AG, Avallone LM, Davis SM, Herman RL. CO signatures in subtropical convective clouds and anvils during CRYSTAL-FACE: An analysis of convective transport and entrainment using observations and a cloud-resolving model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mari C. Export of Asian pollution during two cold front episodes of the TRACE-P experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thompson AM. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998–2000 tropical ozone climatology 2. Tropospheric variability and the zonal wave-one. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Browell EV. Large-scale ozone and aerosol distributions, air mass characteristics, and ozone fluxes over the western Pacific Ocean in late winter/early spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Blake NJ. Latitudinal, vertical, and seasonal variations of C1-C4alkyl nitrates in the troposphere over the Pacific Ocean during PEM-Tropics A and B: Oceanic and continental sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mari C, Saüt C, Jacob DJ, Staudt A, Avery MA, Brune WH, Faloona I, Heikes BG, Sachse GW, Sandholm ST, Singh HB, Tan D. On the relative role of convection, chemistry, and transport over the South Pacific Convergence Zone during PEM-Tropics B: A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mari C, Saüt C, Jacob DJ, Ravetta F, Anderson B, Avery MA, Blake DR, Brune WH, Faloona I, Gregory GL, Heikes BG, Sachse GW, Sandholm ST, Singh HB, Talbot RW, Tan D, Vay S. Sources of upper tropospheric HOxover the South Pacific Convergence Zone: A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Raper JL, Kleb MM, Jacob DJ, Davis DD, Newell RE, Fuelberg HE, Bendura RJ, Hoell JM, McNeal RJ. Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Tropical Pacific: PEM-Tropics B, March-April 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fuelberg HE, Newell RE, Westberg DJ, Maloney JC, Hannan JR, Martin BD, Avery MA, Zhu Y. A meteorological overview of the second Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Tropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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