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Zhu Q, Wang W, Shan C, Xie Y, Zeng X, Wu P, Liang B, Liu C. Effects of biomass burning on CO, HCN, C 2H 6, C 2H 2 and H 2CO during long-term FTIR measurements in Hefei, China. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8343-8363. [PMID: 38439492 DOI: 10.1364/oe.516258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution solar absorption spectra were continuously collected by a ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to retrieve the total column of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ethane (C2H6), acetylene (C2H2), and formaldehyde (H2CO). The time series and variation characteristics of these gases were analyzed. The biomass combustion process is identified by using the correlations between the monthly mean deviations of HCN, C2H6, C2H2 and H2CO versus CO and satellite fire point data. The months with high correlation coefficients (R > 0.8) and peaks of fire point number are considered to be with biomass combustion occurrence. The emissions of HCN, C2H6, C2H2 and H2CO in Anhui were estimated using the enhancement ratios of gases to CO in these months when biomass combustion was the main driving factor of gas concentration change. The study proved the ability of FTIR system in inferring the period during biomass combustion and estimating emissions of the trace gases concerning biomass combustion.
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Ngoc Trieu TT, Morino I, Uchino O, Tsutsumi Y, Izumi T, Sakai T, Shibata T, Ohyama H, Nagahama T. Long-range transport of CO and aerosols from Siberian biomass burning over northern Japan during 18-20 May 2016. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121129. [PMID: 36682620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High CO concentration and dense aerosol layers at 1-6 km altitude in the free troposphere were observed over Rikubetsu, Japan, in ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and lidar measurements during 18-20 May 2016, days after intense wildfires east of Lake Baikal, Siberia. The column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO (XCO) was observed to be ∼150 ppb from 11:15 to 13:50 JST on 19 May, and peak aerosol optical depths (AODs) of 1.41 and 1.28 were observed at 15:40 JST 18 May and 11:20 JST 19 May, respectively. We used the HYSPLIT model to calculate five-day backward trajectories from Rikubetsu on May 18, 2016 at 2, 3 and 5 km altitude. The results show that the air parcels passed over the Siberian wildfires during 16-17 May. It was found that the high CO concentrations originated from forest fires were transported to the upper layers of Hokkaido. This will contribute to the understanding of the regional effects of air pollution in northern Japan due to air masses originating from forest fires. By combining these independent datasets such as AERONET aerosol optical thickness (AOT), MODIS fire data, and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) total CO columns, we confirmed that the lidar measurements of enhanced aerosol concentrations and FTS measurements of maximum XCO over Rikubetsu resulted from a persistent smoke plume transported from Siberian wildfires. Relatively large-scale forest fires have been frequently occurring in Siberia recently. However, the effects of CO and other gases released from them over northern Japan are not well known. We observed high concentrations of CO over the TCCON station in Rikubetsu, Japan, which we believe to be of forest fire origin. Therefore, we analyzed it as a case study to confirm its origin and impact on the upper atmosphere over northern Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Ngoc Trieu
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan.
| | - Isamu Morino
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Osamu Uchino
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yukitomo Tsutsumi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Izumi
- Japan Meteorological Agency, 3-6-9 Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo 105-8431, Japan
| | - Tetsu Sakai
- Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency,1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan
| | - Takashi Shibata
- Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohyama
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoo Nagahama
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Dang J, Wang N, Atiyeh HK. Review of Dissolved CO and H 2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2165. [PMID: 33808889 PMCID: PMC8003665 DOI: 10.3390/s21062165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Syngas fermentation is a promising technique to produce biofuels using syngas obtained through gasified biomass and other carbonaceous materials or collected from industrial CO-rich off-gases. The primary components of syngas, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), are converted to alcohols and other chemicals through an anaerobic fermentation process by acetogenic bacteria. Dissolved CO and H2 concentrations in fermentation media are among the most important parameters for successful and stable operation. However, the difficulties in timely and precise dissolved CO and H2 measurements hinder the industrial-scale commercialization of this technique. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of available dissolved CO and H2 measurement methods, focusing on their detection mechanisms, CO and H2 cross interference and operations in syngas fermentation process. This paper further discusses potential novel methods by providing a critical review of gas phase CO and H2 detection methods with regard to their capability to be modified for measuring dissolved CO and H2 in syngas fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.D.); (H.K.A.)
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Byrne JP, Maloney SA, McAteer RTJ, Refojo JM, Gallagher PT. Propagation of an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection in three dimensions. Nat Commun 2010; 1:74. [PMID: 20865805 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most significant drivers of adverse space weather on Earth, but the physics governing their propagation through the heliosphere is not well understood. Although stereoscopic imaging of CMEs with NASA's Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) has provided some insight into their three-dimensional (3D) propagation, the mechanisms governing their evolution remain unclear because of difficulties in reconstructing their true 3D structure. In this paper, we use a new elliptical tie-pointing technique to reconstruct a full CME front in 3D, enabling us to quantify its deflected trajectory from high latitudes along the ecliptic, and measure its increasing angular width and propagation from 2 to 46 (∼0.2 AU). Beyond 7 , we show that its motion is determined by an aerodynamic drag in the solar wind and, using our reconstruction as input for a 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we determine an accurate arrival time at the Lagrangian L1 point near Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Byrne
- Astrophysics Research Group, School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Salau OR, Warneke T, Notholt J, Shim C, Li Q, Xiao Y. Tropospheric trace gases at Bremen measured with FTIR spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 2009; 11:1529-1534. [PMID: 19657539 DOI: 10.1039/b903198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The total column densities of acetylene (C(2)H(2)), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ethane (C(2)H(6)) measured in Bremen (Germany, 53.107 degrees N, 8.854 degrees E) were compared with data from Mace Head/Ireland (MHD) and GEOS-Chem model simulations. The data were obtained between August 2002 and October 2006 with the ground based high resolution Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectrometry, using the sun as the light source. The analysis showed good agreements between all the three data sets for the seasonal cycle of CO. Enhancements in summer 2003 and summer 2004 due to influence of biomass burning were identified in all three data sets. The high correlations between C(2)H(6) and C(2)H(2), C(2)H(2) and CO, and for C(2)H(6) and CO support the similarities in their sources and sinks. The results suggest that the background air in Bremen is mainly influenced by long-ranged transport of biomass burning products. Local pollution plays a minor role for the measurements performed in Bremen.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Salau
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Xiao Y, Logan JA, Jacob DJ, Hudman RC, Yantosca R, Blake DR. Global budget of ethane and regional constraints on U.S. sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Xiao Y, Jacob DJ, Turquety S. Atmospheric acetylene and its relationship with CO as an indicator of air mass age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Leung FYT, Logan JA, Park R, Hyer E, Kasischke E, Streets D, Yurganov L. Impacts of enhanced biomass burning in the boreal forests in 1998 on tropospheric chemistry and the sensitivity of model results to the injection height of emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fok-Yan T. Leung
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer A. Logan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Rokjin Park
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Edward Hyer
- Naval Research Laboratory; Monterey California USA
| | - Eric Kasischke
- Department of Geography; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | | | - Leonid Yurganov
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
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Singh HB, Salas L, Herlth D, Kolyer R, Czech E, Avery M, Crawford JH, Pierce RB, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Cohen RC, Bertram TH, Perring A, Wooldridge PJ, Dibb J, Huey G, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Emmons LK, Flocke F, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Horowitz LW. Reactive nitrogen distribution and partitioning in the North American troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Koike M, Jones NB, Palmer PI, Matsui H, Zhao Y, Kondo Y, Matsumi Y, Tanimoto H. Seasonal variation of carbon monoxide in northern Japan: Fourier transform IR measurements and source-labeled model calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yurganov LN. A quantitative assessment of the 1998 carbon monoxide emission anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere based on total column and surface concentration measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li Q, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Heald CL, Singh HB, Koike M, Zhao Y, Sachse GW, Streets DG. A global three-dimensional model analysis of the atmospheric budgets of HCN and CH3CN: Constraints from aircraft and ground measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinbin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Colette L. Heald
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Makoto Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yongjing Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering; University of California; Davis California USA
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Singh HB. In situ measurements of HCN and CH3CN over the Pacific Ocean: Sources, sinks, and budgets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Bartlett KB. Large-scale distribution of CH4in the western North Pacific: Sources and transport from the Asian continent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Viggiano AA, Hunton DE, Miller TM, Ballenthin JO. In situ measurements of hydrogen cyanide in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere during Arctic spring 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory; Space Vehicles Directorate; Hanscom Air Force Base Massachusetts USA
| | - D. E. Hunton
- Air Force Research Laboratory; Space Vehicles Directorate; Hanscom Air Force Base Massachusetts USA
| | - Thomas M. Miller
- Air Force Research Laboratory; Space Vehicles Directorate; Hanscom Air Force Base Massachusetts USA
| | - John O. Ballenthin
- Air Force Research Laboratory; Space Vehicles Directorate; Hanscom Air Force Base Massachusetts USA
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Rinsland CP. Multiyear infrared solar spectroscopic measurements of HCN, CO, C2H6, and C2H2tropospheric columns above Lauder, New Zealand (45°S latitude). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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