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Sharma D, Srivastava AK, Ram K, Singh A, Singh D. Temporal variability in aerosol characteristics and its radiative properties over Patiala, northwestern part of India: Impact of agricultural biomass burning emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1030-1041. [PMID: 28915541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD), particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) mass concentrations have been carried out over Patiala, a semi-urban site in northwest India during October 2008 to September 2010. The measured aerosol data was incorporated in an aerosol optical model to estimate various aerosol optical parameters, which were subsequently used for radiative forcing estimation. The measured AOD at 500 nm (AOD500) shows a significant seasonal variability, with maximum value of 0.81 during post-monsoon (PoM) and minimum of 0.56 during winter season. The Ångström exponent (α) has higher values (i.e. more fine-mode fraction) during the PoM/winter periods, and lower (i.e. more coarse-mode fraction) during pre-monsoon (PrM). In contrast, turbidity coefficient (β) exhibits an opposite trend to α during the study period. BC mass concentration varies from 2.8 to 13.9 μg m-3 (mean: 6.5 ± 3.2 μg m-3) during the entire study period, with higher concentrations during PoM/winter and lower during PrM/monsoon seasons. The average single scattering albedo (SSA at 500 nm) values are 0.70, 0.72, 0.82 and 0.75 during PoM, winter, PrM and monsoon seasons, respectively. However, inter-seasonal and inter-annual variability in measured aerosol parameters are statistically insignificant at Patiala. These results suggest strong changes in emission sources, aerosol composition, meteorological parameters as well as transport of aerosols over the station. Higher values of AOD, α and BC, along with lower SSA during PoM season are attributed to agriculture biomass burning emissions over and around the station. The estimated aerosol radiative forcing within the atmosphere is positive (i.e. warming) during all the seasons with higher values (∼60 Wm-2) during PoM-08/PoM-09 and lower (∼40 Wm-2) during winter-09/PrM-10. The present study highlights the role of BC aerosols from agricultural biomass burning emissions during post-monsoon season for atmospheric warming at Patiala.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sharma
- Department of Physics, Punjabi University, Patiala, India; Department of Physics, Arya College, Ludhiana, India
| | - A K Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Branch), Prof Ramnath Vij Marg, New Delhi, India.
| | - K Ram
- Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - A Singh
- Department of Physics, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - D Singh
- Department of Physics, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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Abstract
Clouds, a key component of the climate system, form when water vapor condenses upon atmospheric particulates termed cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Variations in CCN concentrations can profoundly impact cloud properties, with important effects on local and global climate. Organic matter constitutes a significant fraction of tropospheric aerosol mass, and can influence CCN activity by depressing surface tension, contributing solute, and influencing droplet activation kinetics by forming a barrier to water uptake. We present direct evidence that two ubiquitous atmospheric trace gases, methylglyoxal (MG) and acetaldehyde, known to be surface-active, can enhance aerosol CCN activity upon uptake. This effect is demonstrated by exposing acidified ammonium sulfate particles to 250 parts per billion (ppb) or 8 ppb gas-phase MG and/or acetaldehyde in an aerosol reaction chamber for up to 5 h. For the more atmospherically relevant experiments, i.e., the 8-ppb organic precursor concentrations, significant enhancements in CCN activity, up to 7.5% reduction in critical dry diameter for activation, are observed over a timescale of hours, without any detectable limitation in activation kinetics. This reduction in critical diameter enhances the apparent particle hygroscopicity up to 26%, which for ambient aerosol would lead to cloud droplet number concentration increases of 8-10% on average. The observed enhancements exceed what would be expected based on Köhler theory and bulk properties. Therefore, the effect may be attributed to the adsorption of MG and acetaldehyde to the gas-aerosol interface, leading to surface tension depression of the aerosol. We conclude that gas-phase surfactants may enhance CCN activity in the atmosphere.
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Bahadur R, Russell LM, Jacobson MZ, Prather K, Nenes A, Adams P, Seinfeld JH. Importance of composition and hygroscopicity of BC particles to the effect of BC mitigation on cloud properties: Application to California conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Asa-Awuku A, Moore RH, Nenes A, Bahreini R, Holloway JS, Brock CA, Middlebrook AM, Ryerson TB, Jimenez JL, DeCarlo PF, Hecobian A, Weber RJ, Stickel R, Tanner DJ, Huey LG. Airborne cloud condensation nuclei measurements during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Henning S, Wex H, Hennig T, Kiselev A, Snider JR, Rose D, Dusek U, Frank GP, Pöschl U, Kristensson A, Bilde M, Tillmann R, Kiendler-Scharr A, Mentel TF, Walter S, Schneider J, Wennrich C, Stratmann F. Soluble mass, hygroscopic growth, and droplet activation of coated soot particles during LACIS Experiment in November (LExNo). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Biomass burning in Amazonia: Emissions, long-range transport of smoke and its regional and remote impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008gm000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Artaxo P, Rizzo LV, Paixão M, de Lucca S, Oliveira PH, Lara LL, Wiedemann KT, Andreae MO, Holben B, Schafer J, Correia AL, Pauliquevis TM. Aerosol particles in Amazonia: Their composition, role in the radiation balance, cloud formation, and nutrient cycles. AMAZONIA AND GLOBAL CHANGE 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008gm000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Ghosh S, Smith MH, Rap A. Integrating biomass, sulphate and sea-salt aerosol responses into a microphysical chemical parcel model: implications for climate studies. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2007; 365:2659-74. [PMID: 17666381 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Aerosols are known to influence significantly the radiative budget of the Earth. Although the direct effect (whereby aerosols scatter and absorb solar and thermal infrared radiation) has a large perturbing influence on the radiation budget, the indirect effect (whereby aerosols modify the microphysical and hence the radiative properties and amounts of clouds) poses a greater challenge to climate modellers. This is because aerosols undergo chemical and physical changes while in the atmosphere, notably within clouds, and are removed largely by precipitation. The way in which aerosols are processed by clouds depends on the type, abundance and the mixing state of the aerosols concerned. A parametrization with sulphate and sea-salt aerosol has been successfully integrated within the Hadley Centre general circulation model (GCM). The results of this combined parametrization indicate a significantly reduced role, compared with previous estimates, for sulphate aerosol in cloud droplet nucleation and, consequently, in indirect radiative forcing. However, in this bicomponent system, the cloud droplet number concentration, N(d) (a crucial parameter that is used in GCMs for radiative transfer calculations), is a smoothly varying function of the sulphate aerosol loading. Apart from sea-salt and sulphate aerosol particles, biomass aerosol particles are also present widely in the troposphere. We find that biomass smoke can significantly perturb the activation and growth of both sulphate and sea-salt particles. For a fixed salt loading, N(d) increases linearly with modest increases in sulphate and smoke masses, but significant nonlinearities are observed at higher non-sea-salt mass loadings. This non-intuitive N(d) variation poses a fresh challenge to climate modellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Medina J, Nenes A, Sotiropoulou REP, Cottrell LD, Ziemba LD, Beckman PJ, Griffin RJ. Cloud condensation nuclei closure during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign: Effects of size-resolved composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeessy Medina
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- Schools of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | - Laura D. Cottrell
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Luke D. Ziemba
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Pieter J. Beckman
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Robert J. Griffin
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Earth Sciences; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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Lee YS, Collins DR, Li R, Bowman KP, Feingold G. Expected impact of an aged biomass burning aerosol on cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Roberts G, Mauger G, Hadley O, Ramanathan V. North American and Asian aerosols over the eastern Pacific Ocean and their role in regulating cloud condensation nuclei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McMeeking GR. Observations of smoke-influenced aerosol during the Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study: Size distributions and chemical composition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pósfai M, Gelencsér A, Simonics R, Arató K, Li J, Hobbs PV, Buseck PR. Atmospheric tar balls: Particles from biomass and biofuel burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Pósfai
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - András Gelencsér
- Air Chemistry Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Renáta Simonics
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Krisztina Arató
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Peter V. Hobbs
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Peter R. Buseck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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