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Gaudel A, Cooper OR, Chang KL, Bourgeois I, Ziemke JR, Strode SA, Oman LD, Sellitto P, Nédélec P, Blot R, Thouret V, Granier C. Aircraft observations since the 1990s reveal increases of tropospheric ozone at multiple locations across the Northern Hemisphere. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba8272. [PMID: 32937364 PMCID: PMC7442356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is an important greenhouse gas, is detrimental to human health and crop and ecosystem productivity, and controls the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere. Because of its high spatial and temporal variability and limited observations, quantifying net tropospheric ozone changes across the Northern Hemisphere on time scales of two decades had not been possible. Here, we show, using newly available observations from an extensive commercial aircraft monitoring network, that tropospheric ozone has increased above 11 regions of the Northern Hemisphere since the mid-1990s, consistent with the OMI/MLS satellite product. The net result of shifting anthropogenic ozone precursor emissions has led to an increase of ozone and its radiative forcing above all 11 study regions of the Northern Hemisphere, despite NO x emission reductions at midlatitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gaudel
- CIRES, University of Colorado/NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Owen R Cooper
- CIRES, University of Colorado/NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kai-Lan Chang
- CIRES, University of Colorado/NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ilann Bourgeois
- CIRES, University of Colorado/NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jerry R Ziemke
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah A Strode
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Luke D Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Pasquale Sellitto
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Université de Paris, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Nédélec
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Romain Blot
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Valérie Thouret
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Claire Granier
- CIRES, University of Colorado/NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
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Abdul Halim ND, Latif MT, Ahamad F, Dominick D, Chung JX, Juneng L, Khan MF. The long-term assessment of air quality on an island in Malaysia. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01054. [PMID: 30603693 PMCID: PMC6300617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the air quality on Langkawi Island, a famous tourist destination in Malaysia, using 13 years of data (1999-2011) recorded by the Malaysian Department of Environment. Variations of seven air pollutants (O3, CO, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2 and PM10) and three meteorological factors (temperature, humidity and wind speed) were analysed. Statistical methods used to analyse the data included principal component regression (PCR) and sensitivity analysis. The results showed PM10 was the dominant air pollutant in Langkawi and values ranged between 5.0 μg m-3 and 183.2 μg m-3. The patterns of monthly values showed that the concentrations of measured air pollutants on Langkawi were higher during the south-west monsoon (June-September) due to seasonal biomass burning activities. High CO/NOx ratio values (between 28.3 and 43.6), low SO2/NOx ratio values (between 0.04 and 0.12) and NO/NO2 ratio values exceeding 2.2 indicate the source of air pollutants in this area was motor vehicles. PCR analysis grouped the seven variables into two factor components: the F1 component consisted of SO2, NO and NOx and the F2 component consisted of PM10. The F1 component (R2 = 0.931) indicated a stronger standardized coefficient value for meteorological variables compared to the F2 component (R2 = 0.059). The meteorological variables were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in influencing the distribution of the air pollutants. The status of air quality on the island could be improved through control on motor vehicle emissions as well as collaborative efforts to reduce regional air pollution, especially from biomass burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Diana Abdul Halim
- School of Social, Development and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ahamad
- Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Doreena Dominick
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jing Xiang Chung
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Liew Juneng
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Stauffer RM, Thompson AM, Witte JC. Characterizing Global Ozonesonde Profile Variability from Surface to the UT/LS with a Clustering Technique and MERRA-2 Reanalysis. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2018; 123:6213-6229. [PMID: 33101823 PMCID: PMC7580826 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd028465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies employing the self-organizing map (SOM) clustering technique to ozonesonde data have found significant links among meteorological and chemical regimes, and the shape of the ozone (O3) profile from the troposphere to the lower stratosphere. These studies, which focused on specific northern hemisphere mid-latitude geographical regions, demonstrated the advantages of SOM clustering by quantifying O3 profile variability and the O3/meteorological correspondence. We expand SOM to a global set of ozonesonde profiles spanning 1980-present from 30 sites to summarize the connections among O3 profiles, meteorology, and chemistry, using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis and other ancillary data. Four clusters of O3 mixing ratio profiles from the surface to the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS) are generated for each site, which show dominant profile shapes and typical seasonality (or lack thereof) that generally correspond to latitude (i.e. Tropical, Subtropical, Mid-Latitude, Polar). Examination of MERRA-2 output reveals a clear relationship among SOM clusters and covarying meteorological fields (geopotential height, potential vorticity, and tropopause height) for Polar and Mid-latitude sites. However, these relationships break down within ±30° latitude. Carbon monoxide satellite data, along with velocity potential, a proxy for convection, calculated from MERRA-2 wind fields assist characterization of the Tropical and Subtropical sites, where biomass burning and convective transport linked to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) dominate O3 variability. In addition to geophysical characterization of O3 profile variability, these results can be used to evaluate chemical transport model output and satellite measurements of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Stauffer
- Universities Space Research Association c/o Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Thompson AM, Miller SK, Tilmes S, Kollonige DW, Witte JC, Oltmans SJ, Johnson BJ, Fujiwara M, Schmidlin FJ, Coetzee GJR, Komala N, Maata M, bt Mohamad M, Nguyo J, Mutai C, Ogino SY, Da Silva FR, Leme NMP, Posny F, Scheele R, Selkirk HB, Shiotani M, Stübi R, Levrat G, Calpini B, Thouret V, Tsuruta H, Canossa JV, Vömel H, Yonemura S, Diaz JA, Tan Thanh NT, Thuy Ha HT. Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) ozone climatology (2005-2009): Tropospheric and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) profiles with comparisons to OMI-based ozone products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pfeffer MA, Langmann B, Heil A, Graf HF. Numerical simulations examining the possible role of anthropogenic and volcanic emissions during the 1997 Indonesian fires. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2012; 5:277-292. [PMID: 22942920 PMCID: PMC3427489 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-010-0105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The regional atmospheric chemistry and climate model REMOTE has been used to conduct numerical simulations of the atmosphere during the catastrophic Indonesian fires of 1997. These simulations represent one possible scenario of the event, utilizing the RETRO wildland fire emission database. Emissions from the fires dominate the atmospheric concentrations of O(3), CO, NO(2), and SO(2) creating many possible exceedances of the Indonesian air quality standards. The scenario described here suggests that urban anthropogenic emissions contributed to the poor air quality due primarily to the fires. The urban air pollution may have increased the total number of people exposed to exceedances of the O(3) 1-h standard by 17%. Secondary O(3) from anthropogenic emissions enhanced the conversion of SO(2) released by the fires to [Formula: see text], demonstrating that the urban pollution actively altered the atmospheric behavior and lifetime of the fire emissions. Under the conditions present during the fires, volcanic SO(2) emissions had a negligible influence on surface pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bärbel Langmann
- Institute of Geophysics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Heil
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Thompson AM, Allen AL, Lee S, Miller SK, Witte JC. Gravity and Rossby wave signatures in the tropical troposphere and lower stratosphere based on Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ), 1998–2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Field RD, Shen SSP. Predictability of carbon emissions from biomass burning in Indonesia from 1997 to 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Field
- Department of Physics; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Samuel S. P. Shen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; San Diego State University; San Diego California USA
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8
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Kim JH. Tropical tropospheric ozone morphology and seasonality seen in satellite and in situ measurements and model calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Chan CY, Zheng XD, Chan LY, Cui H, Ginn EWL, Leung YK, Lam HM, Zheng YG, Qin Y, Zhao CS, Wang T, Blake DR, Li YS. Vertical profile and origin of wintertime tropospheric ozone over China during the PEACE-A period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Y. Chan
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - X. D. Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences; Beijing China
| | - L. Y. Chan
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - H. Cui
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | | | | | - H. M. Lam
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Y. G. Zheng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Y. Qin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - C. S. Zhao
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - T. Wang
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - Y. S. Li
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
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Lamsal LN. Ozone column classified climatology of ozone and temperature profiles based on ozonesonde and satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Chan CY. Characteristics of a tropospheric ozone profile and implications for the origin of ozone over subtropical China in the spring of 2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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