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Evaluation of Tropospheric Moisture Characteristics Among COSMIC-2, ERA5 and MERRA-2 in the Tropics and Subtropics. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) receivers onboard the recently-launched COSMIC-2 (C2) satellite constellation provide an unprecedented number of high vertical resolution moisture profiles throughout the tropical and subtropical atmosphere. In this study, the distribution and variability of water vapor was investigated using specific humidity retrievals from C2 observations and compared to collocated ERA5 and MERRA-2 reanalysis profiles within 40°N to 40°S from September to December 2019, which is prior to the assimilation of C2 in the reanalyses. Negative C2 moisture biases are evident within the boundary layer, so we focused on levels above the boundary layer in this study. Overall, C2 specific humidity shows excellent agreement with that of ERA5 and has larger differences with that of MERRA-2. In the tropical mid-troposphere, C2 shows positive biases compared to ERA5 (6–12%) and larger negative biases with MERRA-2 (15–30%). Strong correlations are observed between C2 and reanalysis specific humidity in the subtropics (>0.8) whereas correlations are slightly weaker in the deep tropics, especially for MERRA-2. Profile pairs with large moisture differences often occur in areas with sharp moisture gradients, highlighting the importance of measurement resolution. Locations which demonstrated weaker humidity correlations in active convection regions show that ERA5 has a negative specific humidity bias at 3 km in higher moisture environments, whereas MERRA-2 displays a large positive bias at 7 km. However, additional explanations for profile pairs with large moisture differences remain unclear and require further study.
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A Review of Ice Cloud Optical Property Models for Passive Satellite Remote Sensing. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9120499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current wealth of spaceborne passive and active measurements from ultraviolet to the infrared wavelengths provides an unprecedented opportunity to construct ice cloud bulk optical property models that lead to consistent ice cloud property retrievals across multiple sensors and platforms. To infer the microphysical and radiative properties of ice clouds from these satellite measurements, the general approach is to assume an ice cloud optical property model that implicitly assumes the habit (shape) and size distributions of the ice particles in these clouds. The assumption is that this ice optical property model will be adequate for global retrievals. In this review paper, we first summarize the key optical properties of individual particles and then the bulk radiative properties of their ensemble, followed by a review of the ice cloud models developed for application to satellite remote sensing. We illustrate that the random orientation condition assumed for ice particles is arguably justified for passive remote sensing applications based on radiometric measurements. The focus of the present discussion is on the ice models used by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) science teams. In addition, we briefly review the ice cloud models adopted by the Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectance (POLDER) and the Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) for ice cloud retrievals. We find that both the MODIS Collection 6 ice model and the CERES two-habit model result in spectrally consistent retrievals.
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Wang T, Dessler AE. Analysis of cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer from CALIPSO and MLS data: A water perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sun W, Videen G, Kato S, Lin B, Lukashin C, Hu Y. A study of subvisual clouds and their radiation effect with a synergy of CERES, MODIS, CALIPSO, and AIRS data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sun
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; Hampton Virginia USA
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | | | - Seiji Kato
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - Bing Lin
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | | | - Yongxiang Hu
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
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Pan LL, Munchak LA. Relationship of cloud top to the tropopause and jet structure from CALIPSO data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Riihimaki LD, McFarlane SA. Frequency and morphology of tropical tropopause layer cirrus from CALIPSO observations: Are isolated cirrus different from those connected to deep convection? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Liu C, Zipser EJ. Implications of the day versus night differences of water vapor, carbon monoxide, and thin cloud observations near the tropical tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Su H, Jiang JH, Gu Y, Neelin JD, Kahn BH, Feldman D, Yung YL, Waters JW, Livesey NJ, Santee ML, Read WG. Variations of tropical upper tropospheric clouds with sea surface temperature and implications for radiative effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Seifert P, Ansmann A, Müller D, Wandinger U, Althausen D, Heymsfield AJ, Massie ST, Schmitt C. Cirrus optical properties observed with lidar, radiosonde, and satellite over the tropical Indian Ocean during the aerosol-polluted northeast and clean maritime southwest monsoon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Park M, Randel WJ, Gettelman A, Massie ST, Jiang JH. Transport above the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone inferred from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder tracers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Liu C. Geographical and seasonal distribution of tropical tropopause thin clouds and their relation to deep convection and water vapor viewed from satellite measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Dessler AE, Palm SP, Hart WD, Spinhirne JD. Tropopause-level thin cirrus coverage revealed by ICESat/Geoscience Laser Altimeter System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Liu C, Zipser EJ. Global distribution of convection penetrating the tropical tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Garrett TJ, Heymsfield AJ, McGill MJ, Ridley BA, Baumgardner DG, Bui TP, Webster CR. Convective generation of cirrus near the tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Garrett
- Meteorology Department; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | | | - M. J. McGill
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - B. A. Ridley
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. G. Baumgardner
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Mexico City Mexico
| | - T. P. Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - C. R. Webster
- Earth and Space Sciences Division; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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Niwano M, Yamazaki K, Shiotani M. Seasonal and QBO variations of ascent rate in the tropical lower stratosphere as inferred from UARS HALOE trace gas data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Masato Shiotani
- Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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Clark HL, Harwood RS, Billingham A, Pumphrey HC. Cirrus and water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer observed by Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Clark
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques; Toulouse France
| | - R. S. Harwood
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - A. Billingham
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - H. C. Pumphrey
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
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Randel WJ. Thermal variability of the tropical tropopause region derived from GPS/MET observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Massie S. Halogen Occultation Experiment and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II observations of tropopause cirrus and aerosol during the 1990s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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