1
|
Hubert D, Lambert JC, Verhoelst T, Granville J, Keppens A, Baray JL, Cortesi U, Degenstein DA, Froidevaux L, Godin-Beekmann S, Hoppel KW, Kyrölä E, Leblanc T, Lichtenberg G, McElroy CT, Murtagh D, Nakane H, Querel R, Russell JM, Salvador J, Smit HGJ, Stebel K, Steinbrecht W, Strawbridge KB, Stübi R, Swart DPJ, Taha G, Thompson AM, Urban J, van Gijsel JAE, von der Gathen P, Walker KA, Wolfram E, Zawodny JM. Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of fourteen limb and occultation ozone profile data records. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2016; 9:2497-2534. [PMID: 29743958 PMCID: PMC5937289 DOI: 10.5194/amtd-8-6661-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of fourteen limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias, and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20-40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than ±5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5-12% and the drifts are at most ±5% decade-1 (or even ±3 % decade-1 for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10% and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY), and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE, and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Hubert
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels,
Belgium
| | - J.-C. Lambert
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels,
Belgium
| | - T. Verhoelst
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels,
Belgium
| | - J. Granville
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels,
Belgium
| | - A. Keppens
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels,
Belgium
| | - J.-L. Baray
- Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones
(Université de La Réunion, CNRS, Météo-France),
OSU-Réunion (Université de la Réunion, CNRS), La
Réunion, France
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Observatoire
de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS),
Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - U. Cortesi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” del
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - D. A. Degenstein
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - L. Froidevaux
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S. Godin-Beekmann
- Laboratoire Atmosphère Milieux Observations Spatiales,
Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | | | - E. Kyrölä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Leblanc
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Wrightwood, CA, USA
| | - G. Lichtenberg
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute,
Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - D. Murtagh
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - H. Nakane
- Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - R. Querel
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New
Zealand
| | - J. M. Russell
- Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Hampton
University, VA, USA
| | - J. Salvador
- CEILAP-UNIDEF (MINDEF-CONICET), UMI-IFAECI-CNRS-3351, Villa
Martelli, Argentina
| | - H. G. J. Smit
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate
Research: Troposphere (IEK-8), Jülich, Germany
| | - K. Stebel
- Norwegian Air Research Institute (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
| | - W. Steinbrecht
- Meteorologisches Observatorium, Deutscher Wetterdienst,
Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
| | - K. B. Strawbridge
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment Canada,
Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R. Stübi
- Payerne Aerological Station, MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
| | - D. P. J. Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM),
Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - G. Taha
- Universities Space Research Association, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - J. Urban
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - P. von der Gathen
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - K. A. Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,
Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON,
Canada
| | - E. Wolfram
- CEILAP-UNIDEF (MINDEF-CONICET), UMI-IFAECI-CNRS-3351, Villa
Martelli, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hubert D, Lambert JC, Verhoelst T, Granville J, Keppens A, Baray JL, Cortesi U, Degenstein DA, Froidevaux L, Godin-Beekmann S, Hoppel KW, Kyrölä E, Leblanc T, Lichtenberg G, McElroy CT, Murtagh D, Nakane H, Querel R, Russell JM, Salvador J, Smit HGJ, Stebel K, Steinbrecht W, Strawbridge KB, Stübi R, Swart DPJ, Taha G, Thompson AM, Urban J, van Gijsel JAE, von der Gathen P, Walker KA, Wolfram E, Zawodny JM. Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of fourteen limb and occultation ozone profile data records. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2016; 9:2497-2534. [PMID: 29743958 DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-2497-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of fourteen limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias, and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20-40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than ±5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5-12% and the drifts are at most ±5% decade-1 (or even ±3 % decade-1 for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10% and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY), and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE, and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hubert
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J-C Lambert
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Verhoelst
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Granville
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Keppens
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J-L Baray
- Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (Université de La Réunion, CNRS, Météo-France), OSU-Réunion (Université de la Réunion, CNRS), La Réunion, France
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - U Cortesi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - D A Degenstein
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - L Froidevaux
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S Godin-Beekmann
- Laboratoire Atmosphère Milieux Observations Spatiales, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | | | - E Kyrölä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Leblanc
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Wrightwood, CA, USA
| | - G Lichtenberg
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - D Murtagh
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - H Nakane
- Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - R Querel
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New Zealand
| | - J M Russell
- Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Hampton University, VA, USA
| | - J Salvador
- CEILAP-UNIDEF (MINDEF-CONICET), UMI-IFAECI-CNRS-3351, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - H G J Smit
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Troposphere (IEK-8), Jülich, Germany
| | - K Stebel
- Norwegian Air Research Institute (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
| | - W Steinbrecht
- Meteorologisches Observatorium, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
| | - K B Strawbridge
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Stübi
- Payerne Aerological Station, MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
| | - D P J Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - G Taha
- Universities Space Research Association, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - A M Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Urban
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J A E van Gijsel
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands
| | - P von der Gathen
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - K A Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - E Wolfram
- CEILAP-UNIDEF (MINDEF-CONICET), UMI-IFAECI-CNRS-3351, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - J M Zawodny
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Terao Y, Sugita T, Sasano Y. Ozone loss rates in the Arctic winter stratosphere during 1994-2000 derived from POAM II/III and ILAS observations: Implications for relationships among ozone loss, PSC occurrence, and temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
4
|
Cortesi U, Lambert JC, De Clercq C, Bianchini G, Blumenstock T, Bracher A, Castelli E, Catoire V, Chance KV, De Mazière M, Demoulin P, Godin-Beekmann S, Jones N, Jucks K, Keim C, Kerzenmacher T, Kuellmann H, Kuttippurath J, Iarlori M, Liu GY, Liu Y, McDermid IS, Meijer YJ, Mencaraglia F, Mikuteit S, Oelhaf H, Piccolo C, Pirre M, Raspollini P, Ravegnani F, Reburn WJ, Redaelli G, Remedios JJ, Sembhi H, Smale D, Steck T, Taddei A, Varotsos C, Vigouroux C, Waterfall A, Wetzel G, Wood S. Geophysical validation of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2007; 7:4807-4867. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-7-4807-2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), on-board the European ENVIronmental SATellite (ENVISAT) launched on 1 March 2002, is a middle infrared Fourier Transform spectrometer measuring the atmospheric emission spectrum in limb sounding geometry. The instrument is capable to retrieve the vertical distribution of temperature and trace gases, aiming at the study of climate and atmospheric chemistry and dynamics, and at applications to data assimilation and weather forecasting. MIPAS operated in its standard observation mode for approximately two years, from July 2002 to March 2004, with scans performed at nominal spectral resolution of 0.025 cm−1 and covering the altitude range from the mesosphere to the upper troposphere with relatively high vertical resolution (about 3 km in the stratosphere). Only reduced spectral resolution measurements have been performed subsequently. MIPAS data were re-processed by ESA using updated versions of the Instrument Processing Facility (IPF v4.61 and v4.62) and provided a complete set of level-2 operational products (geo-located vertical profiles of temperature and volume mixing ratio of H2O, O3, HNO3, CH4, N2O and NO2) with quasi continuous and global coverage in the period of MIPAS full spectral resolution mission. In this paper, we report a detailed description of the validation of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data, that was based on the comparison between MIPAS v4.61 (and, to a lesser extent, v4.62) O3 VMR profiles and a comprehensive set of correlative data, including observations from ozone sondes, ground-based lidar, FTIR and microwave radiometers, remote-sensing and in situ instruments on-board stratospheric aircraft and balloons, concurrent satellite sensors and ozone fields assimilated by the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting. A coordinated effort was carried out, using common criteria for the selection of individual validation data sets, and similar methods for the comparisons. This enabled merging the individual results from a variety of independent reference measurements of proven quality (i.e. well characterized error budget) into an overall evaluation of MIPAS O3 data quality, having both statistical strength and the widest spatial and temporal coverage. Collocated measurements from ozone sondes and ground-based lidar and microwave radiometers of the Network for the Detection Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) were selected to carry out comparisons with time series of MIPAS O3 partial columns and to identify groups of stations and time periods with a uniform pattern of ozone differences, that were subsequently used for a vertically resolved statistical analysis. The results of the comparison are classified according to synoptic and regional systems and to altitude intervals, showing a generally good agreement within the comparison error bars in the upper and middle stratosphere. Significant differences emerge in the lower stratosphere and are only partly explained by the larger contributions of horizontal and vertical smoothing differences and of collocation errors to the total uncertainty. Further results obtained from a purely statistical analysis of the same data set from NDACC ground-based lidar stations, as well as from additional ozone soundings at middle latitudes and from NDACC ground-based FTIR measurements, confirm the validity of MIPAS O3 profiles down to the lower stratosphere, with evidence of larger discrepancies at the lowest altitudes. The validation against O3 VMR profiles using collocated observations performed by other satellite sensors (SAGE II, POAM III, ODIN-SMR, ACE-FTS, HALOE, GOME) and ECMWF assimilated ozone fields leads to consistent results, that are to a great extent compatible with those obtained from the comparison with ground-based measurements. Excellent agreement in the full vertical range of the comparison is shown with respect to collocated ozone data from stratospheric aircraft and balloon instruments, that was mostly obtained in very good spatial and temporal coincidence with MIPAS scans. This might suggest that the larger differences observed in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere with respect to collocated ground-based and satellite O3 data are only partly due to a degradation of MIPAS data quality. They should be rather largely ascribed to the natural variability of these altitude regions and to other components of the comparison errors. By combining the results of this large number of validation data sets we derived a general assessment of MIPAS v4.61 and v4.62 ozone data quality. A clear indication of the validity of MIPAS O3 vertical profiles is obtained for most of the stratosphere, where the mean relative difference with the individual correlative data sets is always lower than ±10%. Furthermore, these differences always fall within the combined systematic error (from 1 hPa to 50 hPa) and the standard deviation is fully consistent with the random error of the comparison (from 1 hPa to ~30–40 hPa). A degradation in the quality of the agreement is generally observed in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, with biases up to 25% at 100 hPa and standard deviation of the global mean differences up to three times larger than the combined random error in the range 50–100 hPa. The larger differences observed at the bottom end of MIPAS retrieved profiles can be associated, as already noticed, to the effects of stronger atmospheric gradients in the UTLS that are perceived differently by the various measurement techniques. However, further components that may degrade the results of the comparison at lower altitudes can be identified as potentially including cloud contamination, which is likely not to have been fully filtered using the current settings of the MIPAS cloud detection algorithm, and in the linear approximation of the forward model that was used for the a priori estimate of systematic error components. The latter, when affecting systematic contributions with a random variability over the spatial and temporal scales of global averages, might result in an underestimation of the random error of the comparison and add up to other error sources, such as the possible underestimates of the p and T error propagation based on the assumption of a 1 K and 2% uncertainties, respectively, on MIPAS temperature and pressure retrievals. At pressure lower than 1 hPa, only a small fraction of the selected validation data set provides correlative ozone data of adequate quality and it is difficult to derive quantitative conclusions about the performance of MIPAS O3 retrieval for the topmost layers.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lumpe J, Bevilacqua R, Randall C, Nedoluha G, Hoppel K, Russell J, Harvey VL, Schiller C, Sen B, Taha G, Toon G, Vömel H. Validation of Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III version 4 stratospheric water vapor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Liu X, Chance K, Sioris CE, Spurr RJD, Kurosu TP, Martin RV, Newchurch MJ. Ozone profile and tropospheric ozone retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment: Algorithm description and validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
Santee ML. Three-dimensional structure and evolution of stratospheric HNO3based on UARS Microwave Limb Sounder measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Livesey NJ, Read WG, Froidevaux L, Waters JW, Santee ML, Pumphrey HC, Wu DL, Shippony Z, Jarnot RF. The UARS Microwave Limb Sounder version 5 data set: Theory, characterization, and validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Livesey
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - W. G. Read
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - L. Froidevaux
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Waters
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. L. Santee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - H. C. Pumphrey
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - D. L. Wu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Z. Shippony
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. F. Jarnot
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rivière ED. A Lagrangian method to study stratospheric nitric acid variations in the polar regions as measured by the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Muscari G, Santee ML, de Zafra RL. Intercomparison of stratospheric HNO
3
measurements over Antarctica: Ground‐based millimeter‐wave versus UARS/MLS Version 5 retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Muscari
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York USA
- Now at Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
| | - Michelle L. Santee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | - Robert L. de Zafra
- Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York USA
| |
Collapse
|