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McClain CR, Bryant SR, Hanks G, Bowles MW. Extremophiles in Earth's Deep Seas: A View Toward Life in Exo-Oceans. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:1009-1028. [PMID: 35549348 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Humanity's search for extraterrestrial life is a modern manifestation of the exploratory and curious nature that has led us through millennia of scientific discoveries. With the ongoing exploration of extraterrestrial bodies, the potential for discovery of extraterrestrial life has expanded. We may better inform this search through an understanding of how life persists and flourishes on Earth in a myriad of environmental extremes. A significant proportion of our knowledge of extremophiles on Earth comes from studies on deep ocean life. Here, we review and synthesize the range of environmental extremes observed in the deep sea, the life that persists in these extreme conditions, and the biological adaptations utilized by these remarkable life-forms. We also review confirmed and predicted extraterrestrial oceans in our solar system and propose deep-sea sites that may serve as planetary field analog environments. We show that the clever ingenuity of evolution under deep-sea conditions suggests that the plausibility of extraterrestrial life is much greater than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R McClain
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - S River Bryant
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Granger Hanks
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
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2
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A Novel Device for the In Situ Enrichment of Gold from Submarine Venting Fluids. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10060724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gold and other metals (Cu, Zn, Ag, etc.) are enriched in vent fluids, approximately 3–5 orders of magnitude higher than those in seawater, and this leads to the formation of sulfide enrichment in Cu, Zn, Au, and Ag deposited on the mid-ocean ridge and island arcs, as well as in back-arc basins. We developed a device that can extract the elements such as Cu, Zn, Au, and Ag from the vent fluids before the formation of the hydrothermal plume, sulfide deposit, and metalliferous sediment at the seafloor over a long period, which is beneficial to collecting hydrothermal resources effectively and avoiding the damage of ecological environments caused by mining the polymetallic sulfide resources. The application of this device will have significance for the development and utilization of seafloor hydrothermal resources, the sustainable development and implementation of the blue economy, and the construction of the marine ecological civilization in the future.
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3
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Ma L, Wang WX. Zinc source differentiation in hydrothermal vent mollusks: Insight from Zn isotope ratios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145653. [PMID: 33582336 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal vent represents an extreme environment where metal-enriched fluids are in contact with chemosymbiotic animals. In the present study, Zn isotopic compositions were determined in multiple tissues of three dominant hydrothermal vent mollusks (the mussel Bathymodiolus marisindicus and two gastropods Chrysomallon squamiferum and Gigantopelta aegis) collected from a hydrothermal vent field (Southwest Indian Ridge in the Indian Ocean). We found approximately 1.78‰ differences in the δ66Zn values among the three vent mollusks despite of their similar range of Zn concentrations. The significant variation in the δ66Zn values was considered to be indicative of different Zn uptake sources among the three species as a result of their morphological adaptations. Zinc uptake associated with symbiotic activities may be more relevant in the vent gastropods, whereas Zn uptake from hydrothermal fluids during filter-feeding may also play a role in the vent mussels. However, no significant difference in δ66Zn values was observed among tissues of any of the mollusks, showing the absence of Zn isotope fractionation during internal Zn transport. Our results demonstrated that variable Zn uptake pathways existed among different hydrothermal vent mollusks and could be differentiated by determining the Zn isotopic compositions in their tissues. We also highlight that Zn isotope ratios can be used to track Zn sources to the vent mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- School of Energy and Environment, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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4
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Ma L, Wang WX. Subcellular metal distribution in two deep-sea mollusks: Insight of metal adaptation and detoxification near hydrothermal vents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115303. [PMID: 32836047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Pb and As and their subcellular distributions within the tissues of mussels (Bathymodiolus marisindicus) and snails (Gigantopelta aegis) from two hydrothermal vent regions, i.e., Tiancheng and Longqi, at Southwest Indian Ridge. Mussels collected from the two venting regions showed comparable concentrations for Ni and Pb, but Cu, Zn, Cd and As concentrations were significantly different in mussel gills between the two vent regions. Similar ranges of metal concentrations were found in the snails as those in the mussels, but most of the metals were mainly accumulated in the viscera, except for Ni. Similar subcellular partitioning of Cu, Zn and Cd was documented in different mussel tissues, with cellular debris (50%) being the predominant fraction, followed by equivalent values in other fractions. Lead was distributed in both cellular debris and metal-rich granules (MRG) fraction, whereas Ni was predominantly distributed in MRG (90%). Arsenic was mainly partitioned in cellular debris and metallothionein-like protein. However, deep-sea snails displayed elevated subcellular partitioning of Cu in the organelles (up to 60%) and may be more susceptible to Cu stress than the mussels. Our results demonstrated the metal-specificity of detoxification strategies in these deep-sea hydrothermal vent mollusks, and the mussels may be more adaptable to high metal exposures than the snails at hydrothermal vent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- School of Energy and Environment, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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5
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Tao C, Seyfried WE, Lowell RP, Liu Y, Liang J, Guo Z, Ding K, Zhang H, Liu J, Qiu L, Egorov I, Liao S, Zhao M, Zhou J, Deng X, Li H, Wang H, Cai W, Zhang G, Zhou H, Lin J, Li W. Deep high-temperature hydrothermal circulation in a detachment faulting system on the ultra-slow spreading ridge. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1300. [PMID: 32157084 PMCID: PMC7064610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupled magmatic and tectonic activity plays an important role in high-temperature hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges. The circulation patterns for such systems have been elucidated by microearthquakes and geochemical data over a broad spectrum of spreading rates, but such data have not been generally available for ultra-slow spreading ridges. Here we report new geophysical and fluid geochemical data for high-temperature active hydrothermal venting at Dragon Horn area (49.7°E) on the Southwest Indian Ridge. Twin detachment faults penetrating to the depth of 13 ± 2 km below the seafloor were identified based on the microearthquakes. The geochemical composition of the hydrothermal fluids suggests a long reaction path involving both mafic and ultramafic lithologies. Combined with numerical simulations, our results demonstrate that these hydrothermal fluids could circulate ~ 6 km deeper than the Moho boundary and to much greater depths than those at Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse and Logachev-1 hydrothermal fields on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Magmatic and tectonic activity at mid-oceanic ridges can give detailed insights into high-temperature hydrothermal circulation of fluids. The authors here present geochemical and geophysical datasets that suggest a hydrothermal system penetrating the upper lithospheric mantle at an ultra-slow spreading mid-oceanic ridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China. .,School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - W E Seyfried
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - R P Lowell
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 42061, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China.,College of Geoexploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, 130026, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhikui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kang Ding
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 572000, Sanya, China
| | - Huatian Zhang
- Department of Geophysics, School of Earth & Space Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Igor Egorov
- The Federal State Budgetary Institution, Academician I.S. Gramberg All-Russia Scientific Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ocean, Saint-Petersburg, 190121, Russia
| | - Shili Liao
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanchuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, MNR, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR, 310012, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Lewis KC, Nardea M, Halpern MJ. An Analytical Model for Flow of Seawater Adjacent to an Igneous Wall. Transp Porous Media 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-018-1172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Kowatz T, Maguire ME. Loss of cytosolic Mg 2+ binding sites in the Thermotoga maritima CorA Mg 2+ channel is not sufficient for channel opening. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:25-30. [PMID: 30293964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The CorA Mg2+ channel is a homopentamer with five-fold symmetry. Each monomer consists of a large cytoplasmic domain and two transmembrane helices connected via a short periplasmic loop. In the Thermotoga maritima CorA crystal structure, a Mg2+ is bound between D89 of one monomer and D253 of the adjacent monomer (M1 binding site). Release of Mg2+ from these sites has been hypothesized to cause opening of the channel. We generated mutants to disrupt Mg2+ interaction with the M1 site. Crystal structures of the D89K/D253K and D89R/D253R mutants, determined to 3.05 and 3.3 Å, respectively, showed no significant structural differences with the wild type structure despite absence of Mg2+ at the M1 sites. Both mutants still appear to be in the closed state. All three mutant CorA proteins exhibited transport of 63Ni2+, indicating functionality. Thus, absence of Mg2+ from the M1 sites neither causes channel opening nor prevents function. We also provide evidence that the T. maritima CorA is a Mg2+ channel and not a Co2+ channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kowatz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4965, USA
| | - Michael E Maguire
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4965, USA.
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8
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Demey LM, Miller CR, Manzella MP, Spurbeck RR, Sandhu SK, Reguera G, Kashefi K. The draft genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrodictium delaneyi strain hulk, an iron and nitrate reducer, reveals the capacity for sulfate reduction. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:47. [PMID: 28814988 PMCID: PMC5556600 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrodictium delaneyi strain Hulk is a newly sequenced strain isolated from chimney samples collected from the Hulk sulfide mound on the main Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge (47.9501 latitude, -129.0970 longitude, depth 2200 m) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. The draft genome of strain Hulk shared 99.77% similarity with the complete genome of the type strain Su06T, which shares with strain Hulk the ability to reduce iron and nitrate for respiration. The annotation of the genome of strain Hulk identified genes for the reduction of several sulfur-containing electron acceptors, an unsuspected respiratory capability in this species that was experimentally confirmed for strain Hulk. This makes P. delaneyi strain Hulk the first hyperthermophilic archaeon known to gain energy for growth by reduction of iron, nitrate, and sulfur-containing electron acceptors. Here we present the most notable features of the genome of P. delaneyi strain Hulk and identify genes encoding proteins critical to its respiratory versatility at high temperatures. The description presented here corresponds to a draft genome sequence containing 2,042,801 bp in 9 contigs, 2019 protein-coding genes, 53 RNA genes, and 1365 hypothetical genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. Demey
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Caitlin R. Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Michael P Manzella
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
- Present address: Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel R. Spurbeck
- Applied Genomics and Biology Group, Department of CBRNE Defense, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH USA
| | | | - Gemma Reguera
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Kazem Kashefi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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9
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Lin TJ, Ver Eecke HC, Breves EA, Dyar MD, Jamieson JW, Hannington MD, Dahle H, Bishop JL, Lane MD, Butterfield DA, Kelley DS, Lilley MD, Baross JA, Holden JF. Linkages between mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial communities within hydrothermal chimneys from the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS : G(3) 2016; 17:300-323. [PMID: 30123099 PMCID: PMC6094386 DOI: 10.1002/2015gc006091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rock and fluid samples were collected from three hydrothermal chimneys at the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge to evaluate linkages among mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and microbial community composition within the chimneys. Mössbauer, midinfrared thermal emission, and visible-near infrared spectroscopies were utilized for the first time to characterize vent mineralogy, in addition to thin-section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analyses. A 282°C venting chimney from the Bastille edifice was composed primarily of sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite, marcasite, and sphalerite. In contrast, samples from a 300°C venting chimney from the Dante edifice and a 321°C venting chimney from the Hot Harold edifice contained a high abundance of the sulfate mineral anhydrite. Geochemical modeling of mixed vent fluids suggested the oxic-anoxic transition zone was above 100°C at all three vents, and that the thermodynamic energy available for autotrophic microbial redox reactions favored aerobic sulfide and methane oxidation. As predicted, microbes within the Dante and Hot Harold chimneys were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic aerobes of the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria and sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic Epsilonproteobacteria. However, most of the microbes within the Bastille chimney were most closely related to mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobes of the Deltaproteobacteria, especially sulfate reducers, and anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaea. The predominance of anaerobes in the Bastille chimney indicated that other environmental factors promote anoxic conditions. Possibilities include the maturity or fluid flow characteristics of the chimney, abiotic Fe2+ and S2- oxidation in the vent fluids, or O2 depletion by aerobic respiration on the chimney outer wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Lin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H. C. Ver Eecke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E. A. Breves
- Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M. D. Dyar
- Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J. W. Jamieson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - M. D. Hannington
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - H. Dahle
- Department of Biology, Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J. L. Bishop
- SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - M. D. Lane
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - D. A. Butterfield
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington and NOAA-PMEL, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D. S. Kelley
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M. D. Lilley
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J. A. Baross
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J. F. Holden
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Yang D, Hou Z, Zhao Y, Hou K, Yang Z, Tian S, Fu Q. Lithium isotope traces magmatic fluid in a seafloor hydrothermal system. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13812. [PMID: 26347051 PMCID: PMC4561896 DOI: 10.1038/srep13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions and hosted gangue quartz from a giant volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in China provide robust evidence for inputting of magmatic fluids into a Triassic submarine hydrothermal system. The δ(7)Li results vary from +4.5‰ to +13.8‰ for fluid inclusions and from +6.7‰ to +21.0‰ for the hosted gangue quartz(9 gangue quartz samples containing primary fluid inclusions). These data confirm the temperature-dependent Li isotopic fractionation between hydrothermal quartz and fluid (i.e., Δδ(7)Liquartz-fluid = -8.9382 × (1000/T) + 22.22(R(2) = 0.98; 175 °C-340 °C)), which suggests that the fluid inclusions are in equilibrium with their hosted quartz, thus allowing to determine the composition of the fluids by using δ(7)Liquartz data. Accordingly, we estimate that the ore-forming fluids have a δ(7)Li range from -0.7‰ to +18.4‰ at temperatures of 175-340 °C. This δ(7)Li range, together with Li-O modeling , suggest that magmatic fluid played a significant role in the ore formation. This study demonstrates that Li isotope can be effectively used to trace magmatic fluids in a seafloor hydrothermal system and has the potential to monitor fluid mixing and ore-forming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Institute of Mineral Resources, CAGS, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Zengqian Hou
- Institute of Geology, CAGS, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Mineral Resources, CAGS, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Kejun Hou
- Institute of Mineral Resources, CAGS, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Institute of Geology, CAGS, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Shihong Tian
- Institute of Mineral Resources, CAGS, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Institute of Geology, CAGS, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
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11
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Dahle H, Økland I, Thorseth IH, Pederesen RB, Steen IH. Energy landscapes shape microbial communities in hydrothermal systems on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 9:1593-606. [PMID: 25575309 PMCID: PMC4478700 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methods developed in geochemical modelling combined with recent advances in molecular microbial ecology provide new opportunities to explore how microbial communities are shaped by their chemical surroundings. Here, we present a framework for analyses of how chemical energy availability shape chemotrophic microbial communities in hydrothermal systems through an investigation of two geochemically different basalt-hosted hydrothermal systems on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge: the Soria Moria Vent field (SMVF) and the Loki's Castle Vent Field (LCVF). Chemical energy landscapes were evaluated through modelling of the Gibbs energy from selected redox reactions under different mixing ratios between seawater and hydrothermal fluids. Our models indicate that the sediment-influenced LCVF has a much higher potential for both anaerobic and aerobic methane oxidation, as well as aerobic ammonium and hydrogen oxidation, than the SMVF. The modelled energy landscapes were used to develop microbial community composition models, which were compared with community compositions in environmental samples inside or on the exterior of hydrothermal chimneys, as assessed by pyrosequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes. We show that modelled microbial communities based solely on thermodynamic considerations can have a high predictive power and provide a framework for analyses of the link between energy availability and microbial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Dahle
- 1] Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Økland
- 1] Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingunn H Thorseth
- 1] Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf B Pederesen
- 1] Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ida H Steen
- 1] Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Lowell RP, Germanovich LN. Hydrothermal Processes at Mid-Ocean Ridges: Results from Scale Analysis and Single-Pass Models. MID-OCEAN RIDGES 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/148gm09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Hydrothermal Fluid Composition at Middle Valley, Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Temporal and Spatial Variability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/178gm08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Lowell RP, Crowell BW, Lewis KC, Liu L. Modeling Multiphase, Multicomponent Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers. MAGMA TO MICROBE: MODELING HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES AT OCEAN SPREADING CENTERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/178gm03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Opatkiewicz AD, Butterfield DA, Baross JA. Individual hydrothermal vents at Axial Seamount harbor distinct subseafloor microbial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 70:413-24. [PMID: 19796141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial community structure of five geographically distinct hydrothermal vents located within the Axial Seamount caldera, Juan de Fuca Ridge, was examined over 6 years following the 1998 diking eruptive event. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses were used to determine the bacterial and archaeal diversity, and the statistical software primer v6 was used to compare vent microbiology, temperature and fluid chemistry. Statistical analysis of vent fluid temperature and composition shows that there are significant differences between vents in any year, but that the fluid composition changes over time such that no vent maintains a chemical composition completely distinct from the others. In contrast, the subseafloor microbial communities associated with individual vents changed from year to year, but each location maintained a distinct community structure (based on TRFLP and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses) that was significantly different from all other vents included in this study. Epsilonproteobacterial microdiversity is shown to be important in distinguishing vent communities, while archaeal microdiversity is less variable between sites. We propose that persistent venting at diffuse flow vents over time creates the potential to isolate and stabilize diverse microbial community structures between vents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Opatkiewicz
- School of Oceanography and Center for Astrobiology and Early Evolution, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Coumou D, Driesner T, Weis P, Heinrich CA. Phase separation, brine formation, and salinity variation at Black Smoker hydrothermal systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jb005764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Larson BI, Lilley MD, Olson EJ. Parameters of subsurface brines and hydrothermal processes 12-15 months after the 1999 magmatic event at the Main Endeavor Field as inferred from in situ time series measurements of chloride and temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jb005627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. I. Larson
- School of Oceanography; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - M. D. Lilley
- School of Oceanography; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - E. J. Olson
- School of Oceanography; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
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Takai K, Nunoura T, Ishibashi JI, Lupton J, Suzuki R, Hamasaki H, Ueno Y, Kawagucci S, Gamo T, Suzuki Y, Hirayama H, Horikoshi K. Variability in the microbial communities and hydrothermal fluid chemistry at the newly discovered Mariner hydrothermal field, southern Lau Basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jg000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takai
- Subground Animalcule Retrieval (SUGAR) Program; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); Yokosuka Japan
| | - Takuro Nunoura
- Subground Animalcule Retrieval (SUGAR) Program; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); Yokosuka Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Ishibashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - John Lupton
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; Hatfield Marine Science Center; Newport Oregon USA
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamasaki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ueno
- Global Edge Institute, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kawagucci
- Department of Chemical Oceanography, Ocean Research Institute (ORI); University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshitaka Gamo
- Department of Chemical Oceanography, Ocean Research Institute (ORI); University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yohey Suzuki
- Experimental Geoscience Team, Research Center for Deep Geological Environments; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Ibaraki Japan
| | - Hisako Hirayama
- Subground Animalcule Retrieval (SUGAR) Program; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); Yokosuka Japan
| | - Koki Horikoshi
- Subground Animalcule Retrieval (SUGAR) Program; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC); Yokosuka Japan
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Fontaine FJ, Wilcock WSD. Dynamics and storage of brine in mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb003866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Multiphase Thermohaline Convection in the Earth’s Crust: I. A New Finite Element – Finite Volume Solution Technique Combined With a New Equation of State for NaCl–H2O. Transp Porous Media 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-005-0108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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