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Hu J, Sharp TG. Formation, preservation and extinction of high-pressure minerals in meteorites: temperature effects in shock metamorphism and shock classification. PROGRESS IN EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE 2022; 9:6. [PMID: 35059281 PMCID: PMC8732827 DOI: 10.1186/s40645-021-00463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The goal of classifying shock metamorphic features in meteorites is to estimate the corresponding shock pressure conditions. However, the temperature variability of shock metamorphism is equally important and can result in a diverse and heterogeneous set of shock features in samples with a common overall shock pressure. In particular, high-pressure (HP) minerals, which were previously used as a solid indicator of high shock pressure in meteorites, require complex pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) histories to form and survive. First, parts of the sample must be heated to melting temperatures, at high pressure, to enable rapid formation of HP minerals before pressure release. Second, the HP minerals must be rapidly cooled to below a critical temperature, before the pressure returns to ambient conditions, to avoid retrograde transformation to their low-pressure polymorphs. These two constraints require the sample to contain large temperature heterogeneities, e.g. melt veins in a cooler groundmass, during shock. In this study, we calculated shock temperatures and possible P-T paths of chondritic and differentiated mafic-ultramafic rocks for various shock pressures. These P-T conditions and paths, combined with observations from shocked meteorites, are used to constrain shock conditions and P-T-t histories of HP-mineral bearing samples. The need for rapid thermal quench of HP phases requires a relatively low bulk-shock temperature and therefore moderate shock pressures below ~ 30 GPa, which matches the stabilities of these HP minerals. The low-temperature moderate-pressure host rock generally shows moderate shock-deformation features consistent with S4 and, less commonly, S5 shock stages. Shock pressures in excess of 50 GPa in meteorites result in melt breccias with high overall post-shock temperatures that anneal out HP-mineral signatures. The presence of ringwoodite, which is commonly considered an indicator of the S6 shock stage, is inconsistent with pressures in excess of 30 GPa and does not represent shock conditions different from S4 shock conditions. Indeed, ringwoodite and coexisting HP minerals should be considered as robust evidence for moderate shock pressures (S4) rather than extreme shock (S6) near whole-rock melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Hu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Thomas G. Sharp
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
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Schoelmerich MO, Tschentscher T, Bhat S, Bolme CA, Cunningham E, Farla R, Galtier E, Gleason AE, Harmand M, Inubushi Y, Katagiri K, Miyanishi K, Nagler B, Ozaki N, Preston TR, Redmer R, Smith RF, Tobase T, Togashi T, Tracy SJ, Umeda Y, Wollenweber L, Yabuuchi T, Zastrau U, Appel K. Evidence of shock-compressed stishovite above 300 GPa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10197. [PMID: 32576908 PMCID: PMC7311448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SiO2 is one of the most fundamental constituents in planetary bodies, being an essential building block of major mineral phases in the crust and mantle of terrestrial planets (1-10 ME). Silica at depths greater than 300 km may be present in the form of the rutile-type, high pressure polymorph stishovite (P42/mnm) and its thermodynamic stability is of great interest for understanding the seismic and dynamic structure of planetary interiors. Previous studies on stishovite via static and dynamic (shock) compression techniques are contradictory and the observed differences in the lattice-level response is still not clearly understood. Here, laser-induced shock compression experiments at the LCLS- and SACLA XFEL light-sources elucidate the high-pressure behavior of stishovite on the lattice-level under in situ conditions on the Hugoniot to pressures above 300 GPa. We find stishovite is still (meta-)stable at these conditions, and does not undergo any phase transitions. This contradicts static experiments showing structural transformations to the CaCl2, α-PbO2 and pyrite-type structures. However, rate-limited kinetic hindrance may explain our observations. These results are important to our understanding into the validity of EOS data from nanosecond experiments for geophysical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shrikant Bhat
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Cindy A Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Eric Cunningham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Robert Farla
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Eric Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Marion Harmand
- Institute of Mineralogy, Materials Physics and Cosmochemistry, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Miyanishi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Bob Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald Redmer
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Ray F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94500, USA
| | - Tsubasa Tobase
- Center for High-Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Sally J Tracy
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C., 20015, USA
| | - Yuhei Umeda
- Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
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Tracy SJ, Turneaure SJ, Duffy TS. In situ X-Ray Diffraction of Shock-Compressed Fused Silica. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:135702. [PMID: 29694206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.135702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of its widespread applications in materials science and geophysics, SiO_{2} has been extensively examined under shock compression. Both quartz and fused silica transform through a so-called "mixed-phase region" to a dense, low compressibility high-pressure phase. For decades, the nature of this phase has been a subject of debate. Proposed structures include crystalline stishovite, another high-pressure crystalline phase, or a dense amorphous phase. Here we use plate-impact experiments and pulsed synchrotron x-ray diffraction to examine the structure of fused silica shock compressed to 63 GPa. In contrast to recent laser-driven compression experiments, we find that fused silica adopts a dense amorphous structure at 34 GPa and below. When compressed above 34 GPa, fused silica transforms to untextured polycrystalline stishovite. Our results can explain previously ambiguous features of the shock-compression behavior of fused silica and are consistent with recent molecular dynamics simulations. Stishovite grain sizes are estimated to be ∼5-30 nm for compression over a few hundred nanosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally June Tracy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Stefan J Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2816, USA
| | - Thomas S Duffy
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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4
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Izvekov S, Weingarten NS, Byrd EFC. Effect of a core-softened O–O interatomic interaction on the shock compression of fused silica. J Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5017586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Izvekov
- Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - N. Scott Weingarten
- Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - Edward F. C. Byrd
- Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA
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5
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Turneaure SJ, Sinclair N, Gupta YM. Real-Time Examination of Atomistic Mechanisms during Shock-Induced Structural Transformation in Silicon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:045502. [PMID: 27494481 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.045502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The experimental determination of atomistic mechanisms linking crystal structures during a compression-driven solid-solid phase transformation is a long-standing and challenging scientific objective. Using new capabilities at the Dynamic Compression Sector at the Advanced Photon Source, the structure of shocked Si at 19 GPa was identified as simple hexagonal, and the lattice orientations between ambient cubic diamond and simple hexagonal structures were related. The approach is general and provides a powerful new method for examining atomistic mechanisms during stress-induced structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2816, USA
| | - N Sinclair
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2816, USA
| | - Y M Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2816, USA
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Millot M, Dubrovinskaia N, Černok A, Blaha S, Dubrovinsky L, Braun DG, Celliers PM, Collins GW, Eggert JH, Jeanloz R. Planetary science. Shock compression of stishovite and melting of silica at planetary interior conditions. Science 2015; 347:418-20. [PMID: 25613887 DOI: 10.1126/science.1261507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Deep inside planets, extreme density, pressure, and temperature strongly modify the properties of the constituent materials. In particular, how much heat solids can sustain before melting under pressure is key to determining a planet's internal structure and evolution. We report laser-driven shock experiments on fused silica, α-quartz, and stishovite yielding equation-of-state and electronic conductivity data at unprecedented conditions and showing that the melting temperature of SiO2 rises to 8300 K at a pressure of 500 gigapascals, comparable to the core-mantle boundary conditions for a 5-Earth mass super-Earth. We show that mantle silicates and core metal have comparable melting temperatures above 500 to 700 gigapascals, which could favor long-lived magma oceans for large terrestrial planets with implications for planetary magnetic-field generation in silicate magma layers deep inside such planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - N Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Černok
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Blaha
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - L Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - D G Braun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - P M Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - R Jeanloz
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Abstract
We use double pass absorption spectroscopy to examine shock induced reactions in situ in cyclohexane and benzene at pressures up to 33.1 GPa. Reactions in cyclohexane begin by 27 GPa and complete by 33.1 GPa. Reactions in benzene are observed to begin by 12 GPa and are complete by 18 GPa. Absorption spectra indicate that the first reaction in cyclohexane occurs within or near the shock front, and that a metastable local equilibrium is reached in the post-shock state. A second process may be observed upon reshock at the lower pressures, suggesting a new equilibrium is reached post-reshock as well. Absorption bands are consistent with the formation of short radicals or fragments upon decomposition; however, spectral resolution is too low to confirm this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Akin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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Luo SN, Akins JA, Ahrens TJ, Asimow PD. Shock-compressed MgSiO3glass, enstatite, olivine, and quartz: Optical emission, temperatures, and melting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nian Luo
- Plasma Physics (P-24) and Earth and Environmental Sciences (EES-11); Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
- Lindhurst Laboratory of Experimental Geophysics, Seismological Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Joseph A. Akins
- Lindhurst Laboratory of Experimental Geophysics, Seismological Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Thomas J. Ahrens
- Lindhurst Laboratory of Experimental Geophysics, Seismological Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Paul D. Asimow
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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