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Zhu Q, Wang W, Shan C, Xie Y, Zeng X, Wu P, Liang B, Liu C. Effects of biomass burning on CO, HCN, C 2H 6, C 2H 2 and H 2CO during long-term FTIR measurements in Hefei, China. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8343-8363. [PMID: 38439492 DOI: 10.1364/oe.516258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution solar absorption spectra were continuously collected by a ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to retrieve the total column of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ethane (C2H6), acetylene (C2H2), and formaldehyde (H2CO). The time series and variation characteristics of these gases were analyzed. The biomass combustion process is identified by using the correlations between the monthly mean deviations of HCN, C2H6, C2H2 and H2CO versus CO and satellite fire point data. The months with high correlation coefficients (R > 0.8) and peaks of fire point number are considered to be with biomass combustion occurrence. The emissions of HCN, C2H6, C2H2 and H2CO in Anhui were estimated using the enhancement ratios of gases to CO in these months when biomass combustion was the main driving factor of gas concentration change. The study proved the ability of FTIR system in inferring the period during biomass combustion and estimating emissions of the trace gases concerning biomass combustion.
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Yuan Q, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Hui L, Wang M, Xia M, Zou Z, Wei W, Ho KF, Wang Z, Lai S, Zhang Y, Wang T, Lee S. Origin and transformation of volatile organic compounds at a regional background site in Hong Kong: Varied photochemical processes from different source regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168316. [PMID: 37949123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important gaseous constituents in the troposphere, impacting local and regional air quality, human health, and climate. Oxidation of VOCs, with the participation of nitrogen oxides (NOx), leads to the formation of tropospheric ozone (O3). Accurately apportioning the emission sources and transformation processes of ambient VOCs, and effectively estimation of OH reactivity and ozone formation potential (OFP) will play an important role in reducing O3 pollution in the atmosphere and improving public health. In this study, field measurements were conducted at a regional background site (Hok Tsui; HT) in Hong Kong from October to November 2020 with proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). VOC data coupled with air mass back trajectory cluster analysis and receptor modelling were applied to reveal the pollution pattern, emission sources and transformation of ambient VOCs at HT in autumn 2020. Seven sources were identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, namely vehicular + industrial, solvent usage, primary oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), secondary OVOCs 1, secondary OVOCs 2 (aged), biogenic emissions, and background + biomass burning. Secondary formation and vehicular + industrial emissions are the vital sources of ambient VOCs at HT supersite, contributing to 20.8 % and 46.7 % of total VOC mixing ratios, respectively. Integrated with backward trajectory analysis and correlations of VOCs with their oxidation products, short-range transport of air masses from inland regions of southeast China brought high levels of total VOCs but longer-range transport of air masses brought more secondary OVOCs in aged air masses. Photolysis of OVOCs was the most important contributor to OH reactivity and OFP, among which aldehyde was the dominant contributor. The results of this study highlight the photochemical processing of VOCs from different source regions which should be considered in strategy making for pollution reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhuozhi Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Lirong Hui
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Men Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Zhouxing Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Senchao Lai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong.
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3
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Wu C, Trounce H, Dunne E, Griffith DWT, Chambers SD, Williams AG, Humphries RS, Cravigan LT, Miljevic B, Zhang C, Wang H, Wang B, Ristovski Z. Atmospheric concentrations and sources of black carbon over tropical Australian waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159143. [PMID: 36195151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) aerosols significantly contribute to radiative budgets globally, however their actual contributions remain poorly constrained in many under-sampled ocean regions. The tropical waters north of Australia are a part of the Indo-Pacific warm pool, regarded as a heat engine of global climate, and are in proximity to large terrestrial sources of BC aerosols such as fossil fuel emissions, and biomass burning emissions from northern Australia. Despite this, measurements of marine aerosols, especially BC remain elusive, leading to large uncertainties and discrepancies in current chemistry-climate models for this region. Here, we report the first comprehensive measurements of aerosol properties collected over the tropical warm pool in Australian waters during a voyage in late 2019. The non-marine related aerosol emissions observed in the Arafura Sea region were more intense than in the Timor Sea marine region, as the Arafura Sea was subject to greater continental outflows. The median equivalent BC (eBC) concentration in the Arafura Sea (0.66 μg m-3) was slightly higher than that in the Timor Sea (0.49 μg m-3). Source apportionment modelling and back trajectory analysis and tracer studies consistently suggest fossil fuel combustion eBC (eBCff) was the dominant contributor to eBC across the entire voyage region, with biomass burning eBC (eBCbb) making significant additional contributions to eBC in the Arafura Sea. eBCff (possibly from ship emissions or oil and gas rigs and their associated activities) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were robustly correlated in the Timor Sea data, whereas eBCbb positively correlated to CCN in the Arafura Sea, suggesting different sources and atmospheric processing pathways occurred in these two regions. This work demonstrates the substantial impact that fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions can have on the composition of aerosols and cloud processes in the remote tropical marine atmosphere, and their potentially significant contribution to the radiative balance of the rapidly warming Indo-Pacific warm pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changda Wu
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; JNU-QUT Joint Laboratory for Air Quality Science and Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haydn Trounce
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Erin Dunne
- Climate Science Centre, Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Aspendale, Australia
| | - David W T Griffith
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Scott D Chambers
- Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Alastair G Williams
- Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Ruhi S Humphries
- Climate Science Centre, Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Aspendale, Australia
| | - Luke T Cravigan
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Branka Miljevic
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- JNU-QUT Joint Laboratory for Air Quality Science and Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- JNU-QUT Joint Laboratory for Air Quality Science and Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boguang Wang
- JNU-QUT Joint Laboratory for Air Quality Science and Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zoran Ristovski
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; JNU-QUT Joint Laboratory for Air Quality Science and Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Large contribution of biomass burning emissions to ozone throughout the global remote troposphere. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109628118. [PMID: 34930838 PMCID: PMC8719870 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109628118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone is the third most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and methane but has a larger uncertainty in its radiative forcing, in part because of uncertainty in the source characteristics of ozone precursors, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic carbon that directly affect ozone formation chemistry. Tropospheric ozone also negatively affects human and ecosystem health. Biomass burning (BB) and urban emissions are significant but uncertain sources of ozone precursors. Here, we report global-scale, in situ airborne measurements of ozone and precursor source tracers from the NASA Atmospheric Tomography mission. Measurements from the remote troposphere showed that tropospheric ozone is regularly enhanced above background in polluted air masses in all regions of the globe. Ozone enhancements in air with high BB and urban emission tracers (2.1 to 23.8 ppbv [parts per billion by volume]) were generally similar to those in BB-influenced air (2.2 to 21.0 ppbv) but larger than those in urban-influenced air (-7.7 to 6.9 ppbv). Ozone attributed to BB was 2 to 10 times higher than that from urban sources in the Southern Hemisphere and the tropical Atlantic and roughly equal to that from urban sources in the Northern Hemisphere and the tropical Pacific. Three independent global chemical transport models systematically underpredict the observed influence of BB on tropospheric ozone. Potential reasons include uncertainties in modeled BB injection heights and emission inventories, export efficiency of BB emissions to the free troposphere, and chemical mechanisms of ozone production in smoke. Accurately accounting for intermittent but large and widespread BB emissions is required to understand the global tropospheric ozone burden.
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Wu Z, Zhang L, Walker JT, Makar PA, Perlinger JA, Wang X. Extension of a gaseous dry deposition algorithm to oxidized volatile organic compounds and hydrogen cyanide for application in chemistry transport models. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2021; 14:5093-5105. [PMID: 34721762 PMCID: PMC8549847 DOI: 10.5194/gmd-14-5093-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dry deposition process refers to flux loss of an atmospheric pollutant due to uptake of the pollutant by the Earth's surfaces, including vegetation, underlying soil, and any other surface types. In chemistry transport models (CTMs), the dry deposition flux of a chemical species is typically calculated as the product of its surface layer concentration and its dry deposition velocity (V d); the latter is a variable that needs to be highly empirically parameterized due to too many meteorological, biological, and chemical factors affecting this process. The gaseous dry deposition scheme of Zhang et al. (2003) parameterizes V d for 31 inorganic and organic gaseous species. The present study extends the scheme of Zhang et al. (2003) to include an additional 12 oxidized volatile organic compounds (oVOCs) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), while keeping the original model structure and formulas, to meet the demand of CTMs with increasing complexity. Model parameters for these additional chemical species are empirically chosen based on their physicochemical properties, namely the effective Henry's law constants and oxidizing capacities. Modeled V d values are compared against field flux measurements over a mixed forest in the southeastern US during June 2013. The model captures the basic features of the diel cycles of the observed V d. Modeled V d values are comparable to the measurements for most of the oVOCs at night. However, modeled V d values are mostly around 1 cm s-1 during daytime, which is much smaller than the observed daytime maxima of 2-5 cm s-1. Analysis of the individual resistance terms and uptake pathways suggests that flux divergence due to fast atmospheric chemical reactions near the canopy was likely the main cause of the large model-measurement discrepancies during daytime. The extended dry deposition scheme likely provides conservative V d values for many oVOCs. While higher V d values and bidirectional fluxes can be simulated by coupling key atmospheric chemical processes into the dry deposition scheme, we suggest that more experimental evidence of high oVOC V d values at additional sites is required to confirm the broader applicability of the high values studied here. The underlying processes leading to high measured oVOC V d values require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wu
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
- ORISE Fellow at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - John T. Walker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Paul A. Makar
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Judith A. Perlinger
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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6
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Chen X, Millet DB, Neuman JA, Veres PR, Ray EA, Commane R, Daube BC, McKain K, Schwarz JP, Katich JM, Froyd KD, Schill GP, Kim MJ, Crounse JD, Allen HM, Apel EC, Hornbrook RS, Blake DR, Nault BA, Campuzano-Jost P, Jimenez JL, Dibb JE. HCOOH in the remote atmosphere: Constraints from Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) airborne observations. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2021; 5:1436-1454. [PMID: 34164590 PMCID: PMC8216292 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid (HCOOH) is an important component of atmospheric acidity but its budget is poorly understood, with prior observations implying substantial missing sources. Here we combine pole-to-pole airborne observations from the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) with chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) and back trajectory analyses to provide the first global in-situ characterization of HCOOH in the remote atmosphere. ATom reveals sub-100 ppt HCOOH concentrations over most of the remote oceans, punctuated by large enhancements associated with continental outflow. Enhancements correlate with known combustion tracers and trajectory-based fire influences. The GEOS-Chem model underpredicts these in-plume HCOOH enhancements, but elsewhere we find no broad indication of a missing HCOOH source in the background free troposphere. We conclude that missing non-fire HCOOH precursors inferred previously are predominantly short-lived. We find indications of a wet scavenging underestimate in the model consistent with a positive HCOOH bias in the tropical upper troposphere. Observations reveal episodic evidence of ocean HCOOH uptake, which is well-captured by GEOS-Chem; however, despite its strong seawater undersaturation HCOOH is not consistently depleted in the remote marine boundary layer. Over fifty fire and mixed plumes were intercepted during ATom with widely varying transit times and source regions. HCOOH:CO normalized excess mixing ratios in these plumes range from 3.4 to >50 ppt/ppb CO and are often over an order of magnitude higher than expected primary emission ratios. HCOOH is thus a major reactive organic carbon reservoir in the aged plumes sampled during ATom, implying important missing pathways for in-plume HCOOH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - J. Andrew Neuman
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | | | - Eric A. Ray
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Róisín Commane
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10964
| | - Bruce C. Daube
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Kathryn McKain
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
| | | | - Joseph M. Katich
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Karl D. Froyd
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Gregory P. Schill
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Michelle J. Kim
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - John D. Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Hannah M. Allen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Eric C. Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307
| | - Rebecca S. Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Benjamin A. Nault
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Pedro Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jose L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jack E. Dibb
- Earth Systems Research Center/EOS, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
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7
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Walker JT, Beachley G, Amos HM, Baron JS, Bash J, Baumgardner R, Bell MD, Benedict KB, Chen X, Clow DW, Cole A, Coughlin JG, Cruz K, Daly RW, Decina SM, Elliott EM, Fenn ME, Ganzeveld L, Gebhart K, Isil SS, Kerschner BM, Larson RS, Lavery T, Lear GG, Macy T, Mast MA, Mishoe K, Morris KH, Padgett PE, Pouyat RV, Puchalski M, Pye HOT, Rea AW, Rhodes MF, Rogers CM, Saylor R, Scheffe R, Schichtel BA, Schwede DB, Sexstone GA, Sive BC, Sosa Echeverría R, Templer PH, Thompson T, Tong D, Wetherbee GA, Whitlow TH, Wu Z, Yu Z, Zhang L. Toward the improvement of total nitrogen deposition budgets in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:1328-1352. [PMID: 31466212 PMCID: PMC7724633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Frameworks for limiting ecosystem exposure to excess nutrients and acidity require accurate and complete deposition budgets of reactive nitrogen (Nr). While much progress has been made in developing total Nr deposition budgets for the U.S., current budgets remain limited by key data and knowledge gaps. Analysis of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Total Deposition (NADP/TDep) data illustrates several aspects of current Nr deposition that motivate additional research. Averaged across the continental U.S., dry deposition contributes slightly more (55%) to total deposition than wet deposition and is the dominant process (>90%) over broad areas of the Southwest and other arid regions of the West. Lack of dry deposition measurements imposes a reliance on models, resulting in a much higher degree of uncertainty relative to wet deposition which is routinely measured. As nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions continue to decline, reduced forms of inorganic nitrogen (NHx = NH3 + NH4+) now contribute >50% of total Nr deposition over large areas of the U.S. Expanded monitoring and additional process-level research are needed to better understand NHx deposition, its contribution to total Nr deposition budgets, and the processes by which reduced N deposits to ecosystems. Urban and suburban areas are hotspots where routine monitoring of oxidized and reduced Nr deposition is needed. Finally, deposition budgets have incomplete information about the speciation of atmospheric nitrogen; monitoring networks do not capture important forms of Nr such as organic nitrogen. Building on these themes, we detail the state of the science of Nr deposition budgets in the U.S. and highlight research priorities to improve deposition budgets in terms of monitoring and flux measurements, leaf- to regional-scale modeling, source apportionment, and characterization of deposition trends and patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Walker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America.
| | - G Beachley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - H M Amos
- AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow hosted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - J S Baron
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - J Bash
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - R Baumgardner
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - M D Bell
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, United States of America
| | - K B Benedict
- Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - X Chen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - D W Clow
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - A Cole
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Air Quality Research Division, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J G Coughlin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - K Cruz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - R W Daly
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - S M Decina
- University of California, Department of Chemistry, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - E M Elliott
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Geology & Environmental Science, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - M E Fenn
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - L Ganzeveld
- Meteorology and Air Quality (MAQ), Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - K Gebhart
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - S S Isil
- Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, Inc., Newberry, FL, United States of America
| | - B M Kerschner
- Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, United States of America
| | - R S Larson
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - T Lavery
- Environmental Consultant, Cranston, RI, United States of America
| | - G G Lear
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - T Macy
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - M A Mast
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - K Mishoe
- Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, Inc., Newberry, FL, United States of America
| | - K H Morris
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, United States of America
| | - P E Padgett
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - R V Pouyat
- U.S. Forest Service, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - M Puchalski
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - H O T Pye
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - A W Rea
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - M F Rhodes
- D&E Technical, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - C M Rogers
- Wood Environment & Infrastructure Solutions, Inc., Newberry, FL, United States of America
| | - R Saylor
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Air Resources Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - R Scheffe
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - B A Schichtel
- National Park Service, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - D B Schwede
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - G A Sexstone
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - B C Sive
- National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Lakewood, CO, United States of America
| | - R Sosa Echeverría
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - P H Templer
- Boston University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - T Thompson
- AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow hosted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - D Tong
- George Mason University. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - G A Wetherbee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrologic Networks Branch, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - T H Whitlow
- Cornell University, Department of Horticulture, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Z Wu
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Z Yu
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Geology & Environmental Science, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - L Zhang
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Air Quality Research Division, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Giorio C, Marton D, Formenton G, Tapparo A. Formation of Metal-Cyanide Complexes in Deliquescent Airborne Particles: A New Possible Sink for HCN in Urban Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14107-14113. [PMID: 29148736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanide is a ubiquitous gas in the atmosphere and a biomass burning tracer. Reactive gases can be adsorbed onto aerosol particles where they can promote heterogeneous chemistry. In the present study, we report for the first time on the measurement and speciation of cyanides in atmospheric aerosol. Filter samples were collected at an urban background site in the city center of Padua (Italy), extracted and analyzed with headspace gas chromatography and nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The results showed that strongly bound cyanides were present in all aerosol samples at a concentration ranging between 0.3 and 6.5 ng/m3 in the PM2.5 fraction. The concentration of cyanides strongly correlates with concentration of total carbon and metals associated with combustion sources. The results obtained bring evidence that hydrogen cyanide can be adsorbed onto aerosol liquid water and can react with metal ions to form stable metal-cyanide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE , Marseille, 13331, France
| | - Daniele Marton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Formenton
- ARPAV Environmental Regional Agency , Laboratory Department, via Lissa 6, 30171 Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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9
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Alihosseini M, Vahedpour M, Yousefian M. New trace of secondary organic aerosol from oxidation of acetonitrile with radical hydroxyl. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Jaszczak E, Polkowska Ż, Narkowicz S, Namieśnik J. Cyanides in the environment-analysis-problems and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15929-15948. [PMID: 28512706 PMCID: PMC5506515 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide toxicity and their environmental impact are well known. Nevertheless, they are still used in the mining, galvanic and chemical industries. As a result of industrial activities, cyanides are released in various forms to all elements of the environment. In a natural environment, cyanide exists as cyanogenic glycosides in plants seeds. Too much consumption can cause unpleasant side effects. However, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the most common source of cyanide. Live organisms have the ability to convert cyanide into less toxic compounds excreted with physiological fluids. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge on the behaviour of cyanide in the environment and its impact on the health and human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jaszczak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str 11/12, Wrzeszcz, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str 11/12, Wrzeszcz, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Narkowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str 11/12, Wrzeszcz, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza Str 11/12, Wrzeszcz, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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11
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Bunkan AJC, Tang Y, Sellevåg SR, Nielsen CJ. Atmospheric Gas Phase Chemistry of CH2═NH and HNC. A First-Principles Approach. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5279-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5049088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Joakim C. Bunkan
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yizhen Tang
- School
of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Fushun Road 11, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Stig R. Sellevåg
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claus J. Nielsen
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern 0315, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Abdollahpour N, Vahedpour M. Computational study on the mechanism and thermodynamic of atmospheric oxidation of HCN with ozone. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Isocyanic acid in the atmosphere and its possible link to smoke-related health effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:8966-71. [PMID: 21576489 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103352108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured isocyanic acid (HNCO) in laboratory biomass fires at levels up to 600 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), demonstrating that it has a significant source from pyrolysis/combustion of biomass. We also measured HNCO at mixing ratios up to 200 pptv (parts-per-trillion by volume) in ambient air in urban Los Angeles, CA, and in Boulder, CO, during the recent 2010 Fourmile Canyon fire. Further, our measurements of aqueous solubility show that HNCO is highly soluble, as it dissociates at physiological pH. Exposure levels > 1 ppbv provide a direct source of isocyanic acid and cyanate ion (NCO(-)) to humans at levels that have recognized health effects: atherosclerosis, cataracts, and rheumatoid arthritis, through the mechanism of protein carbamylation. In addition to the wildland fire and urban sources, we observed HNCO in tobacco smoke, HNCO has been reported from the low-temperature combustion of coal, and as a by-product of urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems that are being phased-in to control on-road diesel NO(x) emissions in the United States and the European Union. Given the current levels of exposure in populations that burn biomass or use tobacco, the expected growth in biomass burning emissions with warmer, drier regional climates, and planned increase in diesel SCR controls, it is imperative that we understand the extent and effects of this HNCO exposure.
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14
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Strekowski RS, Nicovich JM, Wine PH. Kinetic and Mechanistic study of the Reactions of O(
1
D
2
) with HCN and CH
3
CN. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3942-55. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal S. Strekowski
- Laboratoire Chimie Provence—MR 6264, Université de Provence, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille (France)
| | - J. Michael Nicovich
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332‐0400 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404‐894‐5638
| | - Paul H. Wine
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332‐0400 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404‐894‐5638
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332‐0340 (USA)
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15
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Randel WJ, Park M, Emmons L, Kinnison D, Bernath P, Walker KA, Boone C, Pumphrey H. Asian Monsoon Transport of Pollution to the Stratosphere. Science 2010; 328:611-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1182274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mijeong Park
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Louisa Emmons
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Doug Kinnison
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Bernath
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaley A. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Boone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugh Pumphrey
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Millet DB, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Diskin GS, Holloway JS, Hudman RC, Meinardi S, Ryerson TB, Sachse GW. Halocarbon emissions from the United States and Mexico and their global warming potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:1055-1060. [PMID: 19320157 DOI: 10.1021/es802146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We use recent aircraft measurements of a comprehensive suite of anthropogenic halocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and related tracers to place new constraints on North American halocarbon emissions and quantify their global warming potential. Using a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) we find that the ensemble of observations are consistent with our prior best estimate of the U.S. anthropogenic CO source, but suggest a 30% underestimate of Mexican emissions. We develop an optimized CO emission inventory on this basis and quantify halocarbon emissions from their measured enhancements relative to CO. Emissions continue for many compounds restricted under the Montreal Protocol, and we show that halocarbons make up an important fraction of the total greenhouse gas source for both countries: our best estimate is 9% (uncertainty range 6-12%) and 32% (21-52%) of equivalent CO2 emissions for the U.S. and Mexico, respectively, on a 20 year time scale. Performance of bottom-up emission inventories is variable, with underestimates for some compounds and overestimates for others. Ongoing methylchloroform emissions are significant in the U.S. (2.8 Gg/y in 2004-2006), in contrast to bottom-up estimates (< 0.05 Gg), with implications for tropospheric OH calculations. Mexican methylchloroform emissions are minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Millet
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
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17
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Thornhill KL, Chen G, Dibb J, Jordan CE, Omar A, Winstead EL, Schuster G, Clarke A, McNaughton C, Scheuer E, Blake D, Sachse G, Huey LG, Singh HB, Anderson BE. The impact of local sources and long-range transport on aerosol properties over the northeast U.S. region during INTEX-NA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Shim C, Wang Y, Singh HB, Blake DR, Guenther AB. Source characteristics of oxygenated volatile organic compounds and hydrogen cyanide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changsub Shim
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
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19
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Galano A. Mechanism of OH Radical Reactions with HCN and CH3CN: OH Regeneration in the Presence of O2. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:5086-91. [PMID: 17506535 DOI: 10.1021/jp0708345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study on the mechanism of the OH reactions with HCN and CH(3)CN, in the presence of O2, is presented. Optimum geometries and frequencies have been computed at BHandHLYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory for all stationary points. Energy values have been improved by single-point calculations at the above geometries using CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,2p). The initial attack of OH to HCN was found to lead only to the formation of the HC(OH)N adduct, while for CH(3)CN similar proportions of CH(2)CN and CH(3)C(OH)N are expected. A four-step mechanism has been proposed to explain the OH regeneration, experimentally observed for OH + CH(3)CN reaction, when carried out in the presence of O2. The mechanism steps are as follows: (1) OH addition to the C atom in the CN group, (2) O2 addition to the N atom, (3) an intramolecular H migration from OH to OO, and (4) OH elimination. This mechanism is in line with the one independently proposed by Wine et al. for HCN. The results obtained here suggest that for the OH + HCN reaction, the OH regeneration might occur even in larger extension than for OH + CH(3)CN reaction. The agreement between the calculated data and the available experimental evidence on the studied reactions seems to validate the mechanism proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central LAzaro CArdenas 152, 007730 México D. F., México.
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20
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Liang Q, Jaeglé L, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Jacob DJ, Avery MA, Browell EV, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Brune W, Ren X, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Fried A, Fuelberg H, Porter M, Heikes BG, Huey G, Singh HB, Wennberg PO. Summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Singh HB, Salas L, Herlth D, Kolyer R, Czech E, Avery M, Crawford JH, Pierce RB, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Cohen RC, Bertram TH, Perring A, Wooldridge PJ, Dibb J, Huey G, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Emmons LK, Flocke F, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Horowitz LW. Reactive nitrogen distribution and partitioning in the North American troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Turquety S, Hudman RC, Weber RJ, Sullivan AP, Peltier RE, Atlas EL, de Gouw JA, Warneke C, Holloway JS, Neuman JA, Flocke FM, Seinfeld JH. Concentrations and sources of organic carbon aerosols in the free troposphere over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colette L. Heald
- Center for Atmospheric Sciences; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Solène Turquety
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Rynda C. Hudman
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Amy P. Sullivan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Richard E. Peltier
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Eliot L. Atlas
- Rosentiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - John S. Holloway
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Andrew Neuman
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Frank M. Flocke
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Department of Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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23
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Warneke C, de Gouw JA, Stohl A, Cooper OR, Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Holloway JS, Williams EJ, Lerner BM, McKeen SA, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Atlas EL, Donnelly SG, Stroud V, Lueb A, Kato S. Biomass burning and anthropogenic sources of CO over New England in the summer 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. A. de Gouw
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Stohl
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - O. R. Cooper
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. D. Goldan
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. J. Williams
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. M. Lerner
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. A. McKeen
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Trainer
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Chemical Sciences Division; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. L. Atlas
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - S. G. Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry; Fort Hays State University; Fort Hays Kansas USA
| | - Verity Stroud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Amy Lueb
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Kato
- Department of Chemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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24
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Koike M, Jones NB, Palmer PI, Matsui H, Zhao Y, Kondo Y, Matsumi Y, Tanimoto H. Seasonal variation of carbon monoxide in northern Japan: Fourier transform IR measurements and source-labeled model calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Guella G, Franceschi P, Tosi P. Structure and stability of oligomeric clusters produced in the ionization of acetonitrile. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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27
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Miyazaki Y. Contribution of particulate nitrate to airborne measurements of total reactive nitrogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Wai KM. Relationship between ionic composition in PM10and the synoptic-scale and mesoscale weather conditions in a south China coastal city: A 4-year study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Jones DBA, Palmer PI, Logan JA, Streets DG, Sachse GW, Gille JC, Hoffman RN, Nehrkorn T. Comparative inverse analysis of satellite (MOPITT) and aircraft (TRACE-P) observations to estimate Asian sources of carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colette L. Heald
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Dylan B. A. Jones
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Paul I. Palmer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer A. Logan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - John C. Gille
- National Center of Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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30
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de Gouw JA, Cooper OR, Warneke C, Hudson PK, Fehsenfeld FC, Holloway JS, Hübler G, Nicks Jr. DK, Nowak JB, Parrish DD, Ryerson TB, Atlas EL, Donnelly SG, Schauffler SM, Stroud V, Johnson K, Carmichael GR, Streets DG. Chemical composition of air masses transported from Asia to the U.S. West Coast during ITCT 2K2: Fossil fuel combustion versus biomass-burning signatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. de Gouw
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - O. R. Cooper
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Warneke
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. K. Hudson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Hübler
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. K. Nicks Jr.
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. B. Nowak
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. B. Ryerson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. L. Atlas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. G. Donnelly
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - V. Stroud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - K. Johnson
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - D. G. Streets
- Decision and Information Sciences Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois USA
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31
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Hudson PK, Murphy DM, Cziczo DJ, Thomson DS, de Gouw JA, Warneke C, Holloway J, Jost HJ, Hübler G. Biomass-burning particle measurements: Characteristic composition and chemical processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hans-Jürg Jost
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; Sonoma California USA
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32
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Livesey NJ, Fromm MD, Waters JW, Manney GL, Santee ML, Read WG. Enhancements in lower stratospheric CH3CN observed by the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder following boreal forest fires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Livesey
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - Joe W. Waters
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Gloria L. Manney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Michelle L. Santee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - William G. Read
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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Karl T. Exchange processes of volatile organic compounds above a tropical rain forest: Implications for modeling tropospheric chemistry above dense vegetation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Singh HB. Analysis of the atmospheric distribution, sources, and sinks of oxygenated volatile organic chemicals based on measurements over the Pacific during TRACE-P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kondo Y. Impacts of biomass burning in Southeast Asia on ozone and reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Fiore AM, Emmons LK, Gille JC, Deeter MN, Warner J, Edwards DP, Crawford JH, Hamlin AJ, Sachse GW, Browell EV, Avery MA, Vay SA, Westberg DJ, Blake DR, Singh HB, Sandholm ST, Talbot RW, Fuelberg HE. Asian outflow and trans-Pacific transport of carbon monoxide and ozone pollution: An integrated satellite, aircraft, and model perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colette L. Heald
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Arlene M. Fiore
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | - John C. Gille
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Juying Warner
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David J. Westberg
- Science Applications International Corporation; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | | | - Scott T. Sandholm
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute for Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Robert W. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Henry E. Fuelberg
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
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Jordan CE, Anderson BE, Talbot RW, Dibb JE, Fuelberg HE, Hudgins CH, Kiley CM, Russo R, Scheuer E, Seid G, Thornhill KL, Winstead E. Chemical and physical properties of bulk aerosols within four sectors observed during TRACE-P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Jordan
- National Research Council, NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - B. E. Anderson
- Atmospheric Sciences Competency, NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - R. W. Talbot
- Complex Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - J. E. Dibb
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - H. E. Fuelberg
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - C. H. Hudgins
- Atmospheric Sciences Competency, NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - C. M. Kiley
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - R. Russo
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - E. Scheuer
- Complex Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - G. Seid
- Complex Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | | | - E. Winstead
- GATS, NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
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Palmer PI, Jacob DJ, Jones DBA, Heald CL, Yantosca RM, Logan JA, Sachse GW, Streets DG. Inverting for emissions of carbon monoxide from Asia using aircraft observations over the western Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul I. Palmer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Dylan B. A. Jones
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Colette L. Heald
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer A. Logan
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Palmer PI, Evans MJ, Sachse GW, Singh HB, Blake DR. Biomass burning emission inventory with daily resolution: Application to aircraft observations of Asian outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colette L. Heald
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Paul I. Palmer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Mathew J. Evans
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Irvine; Irvine California USA
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40
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Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Woo JH, Thongboonchoo N, Kurata G, Uno I, Streets DG, Blake DR, Weber RJ, Talbot RW, Kondo Y, Singh HB, Wang T. Influences of biomass burning during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment identified by the regional chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Tang
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Gregory R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Jung-Hun Woo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Narisara Thongboonchoo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Gakuji Kurata
- Department of Ecological Engineering; Toyohashi University of Technology; Toyohashi Japan
| | - Itsushi Uno
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | | | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California at Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Robert W. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
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41
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Ma Y, Weber RJ, Lee YN, Orsini DA, Maxwell-Meier K, Thornton DC, Bandy AR, Clarke AD, Blake DR, Sachse GW, Fuelberg HE, Kiley CM, Woo JH, Streets DG, Carmichael GR. Characteristics and influence of biosmoke on the fine-particle ionic composition measured in Asian outflow during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ma
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - R. J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Y.-N. Lee
- Environmental Sciences Department; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | - D. A. Orsini
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - K. Maxwell-Meier
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - D. C. Thornton
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - A. R. Bandy
- Department of Chemistry; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - A. D. Clarke
- Department of Oceanography; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Irvine; Irvine California USA
| | - G. W. Sachse
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - H. E. Fuelberg
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - C. M. Kiley
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
| | - J.-H. Woo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | - G. R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
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Li Q, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Heald CL, Singh HB, Koike M, Zhao Y, Sachse GW, Streets DG. A global three-dimensional model analysis of the atmospheric budgets of HCN and CH3CN: Constraints from aircraft and ground measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinbin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Robert M. Yantosca
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Colette L. Heald
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Makoto Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yongjing Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering; University of California; Davis California USA
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Jacob DJ. Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft mission: Design, execution, and first results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cantrell CA. Peroxy radical behavior during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) campaign as measured aboard the NASA P-3B aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Blake NJ. NMHCs and halocarbons in Asian continental outflow during the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) Field Campaign: Comparison With PEM-West B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Russo RS. Chemical composition of Asian continental outflow over the western Pacific: Results from Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Talbot R. Reactive nitrogen in Asian continental outflow over the western Pacific: Results from the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) airborne mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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