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Wilkins JL, Pouliot G, Pierce T, Soja A, Choi H, Gargulinski E, Gilliam R, Vukovich J, Landis MS. An evaluation of empirical and statistically based smoke plume injection height parametrisations used within air quality models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE 2022; 31:193-211. [PMID: 35875325 PMCID: PMC9301610 DOI: 10.1071/wf20140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air quality models are used to assess the impact of smoke from wildland fires, both prescribed and natural, on ambient air quality and human health. However, the accuracy of these models is limited by uncertainties in the parametrisation of smoke plume injection height (PIH) and its vertical distribution. We compared PIH estimates from the plume rise method (Briggs) in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modelling system with observations from the 2013 California Rim Fire and 2017 prescribed burns in Kansas. We also examined PIHs estimated using alternative plume rise algorithms, model grid resolutions and temporal burn profiles. For the Rim Fire, the Briggs method performed as well or better than the alternatives evaluated (mean bias of less than ±5-20% and root mean square error lower than 1000 m compared with the alternatives). PIH estimates for the Kansas prescribed burns improved when the burn window was reduced from the standard default of 12 h to 3 h. This analysis suggests that meteorological inputs, temporal allocation and heat release are the primary drivers for accurately modelling PIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Wilkins
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Interdisciplinary Studies Department, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - George Pouliot
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Thomas Pierce
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Amber Soja
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA
| | - Hyundeok Choi
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA
| | | | - Robert Gilliam
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jeffrey Vukovich
- Office of Air and Radiation, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Matthew S. Landis
- Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Abstract
Abstract
Satellite meteorology is a relatively new branch of the atmospheric sciences. The field emerged in the late 1950s during the Cold War and built on the advances in rocketry after World War II. In less than 70 years, satellite observations have transformed the way scientists observe and study Earth. This paper discusses some of the key advances in our understanding of the energy and water cycles, weather forecasting, and atmospheric composition enabled by satellite observations. While progress truly has been an international achievement, in accord with a monograph observing the centennial of the American Meteorological Society, as well as limited space, the emphasis of this chapter is on the U.S. satellite effort.
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Jaff DA, Cooper OR, Fiore AM, Henderson BH, Tonnesen GS, Russell AG, Henze DK, Langford AO, Lin M, Moore T. Scientific assessment of background ozone over the U.S.: Implications for air quality management. ELEMENTA (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2018; 6:56. [PMID: 30364819 PMCID: PMC6198683 DOI: 10.1525/elementa.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a key air pollutant that is produced from precursor emissions and has adverse impacts on human health and ecosystems. In the U.S., the Clean Air Act (CAA) regulates O3 levels to protect public health and welfare, but unraveling the origins of surface O3 is complicated by the presence of contributions from multiple sources including background sources like stratospheric transport, wildfies, biogenic precursors, and international anthropogenic pollution, in addition to U.S. anthropogenic sources. In this report, we consider more than 100 published studies and assess current knowledge on the spatial and temporal distribution, trends, and sources of background O3 over the continental U.S., and evaluate how it inflattainment of the air quality standards. We conclude that spring and summer seasonal mean U.S. background O3 (USB O3), or O3 formed from natural sources plus anthropogenic sources in countries outside the U.S., is greatest at high elevation locations in the western U.S., with monthly mean maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) mole fractions approaching 50 parts per billion (ppb) and annual 4th highest MDA8s exceeding 60 ppb, at some locations. At lower elevation sites, e.g., along the West and East Coasts, seasonal mean MDA8 USB O3 is in the range of 20-40 ppb, with generally smaller contributions on the highest O3 days. The uncertainty in U.S. background O3 is around ±10 ppb for seasonal mean values and higher for individual days. Noncontrollable O3 sources, such as stratospheric intrusions or precursors from wildfires, can make significant contributions to O3 on some days, but it is challenging to quantify accurately these contributions. We recommend enhanced routine observations, focused fi studies, process-oriented modeling studies, and greater emphasis on the complex photochemistry in smoke plumes as key steps to reduce the uncertainty associated with background O3 in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Jaff
- University of Washington, School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Bothell, Washington, US
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, US
| | - Owen R Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, US
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, US
| | - Arlene M Fiore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, New York, US
| | | | | | - Armistead G Russell
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, US
| | - Daven K Henze
- University of Colorado, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boulder, Colorado, US
| | - Andrew O Langford
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, US
| | - Meiyun Lin
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, US
| | - Tom Moore
- Western States Air Resources (WESTAR) Council and Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP), Fort Collins, Colorado, US
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Baylon PM, Jaffe DA, Pierce RB, Gustin MS. Interannual Variability in Baseline Ozone and Its Relationship to Surface Ozone in the Western U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2994-3001. [PMID: 26882468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Baseline ozone refers to observed concentrations of tropospheric ozone at sites that have a negligible influence from local emissions. The Mount Bachelor Observatory (MBO) was established in 2004 to examine baseline air masses as they arrive to North America from the west. In May 2012, we observed an O3 increase of 2.0-8.5 ppbv in monthly average maximum daily 8-hour average O3 mixing ratio (MDA8 O3) at MBO and numerous other sites in the western U.S. compared to previous years. This shift in the O3 distribution had an impact on the number of exceedance days. We also observed a good correlation between daily MDA8 variations at MBO and at downwind sites. This suggests that under specific meteorological conditions, synoptic variation in O3 at MBO can be observed at other surface sites in the western U.S. At MBO, the elevated O3 concentrations in May 2012 are associated with low CO values and low water vapor values, consistent with transport from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS). Furthermore, the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) analyses indicate that a large flux of O3 from the UT/LS in May 2012 contributed to the observed enhanced O3 across the western U.S. Our results suggest that a network of mountaintop observations, LiDAR and satellite observations of O3 could provide key data on daily and interannual variations in baseline O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao M Baylon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , 408 Atmospheric Sciences-Geophysics Building, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel A Jaffe
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , 408 Atmospheric Sciences-Geophysics Building, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Washington Bothell , 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
| | - R Bradley Pierce
- NOAA/NESDIS , Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Advanced Satellite Products Branch, 1225 West Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Mae S Gustin
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada-Reno , Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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Tang Y, Chai T, Pan L, Lee P, Tong D, Kim HC, Chen W. Using optimal interpolation to assimilate surface measurements and satellite AOD for ozone and PM2.5: A case study for July 2011. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2015; 65:1206-16. [PMID: 26091206 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1062439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We employed an optimal interpolation (OI) method to assimilate AIRNow ozone/PM2.5 and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) aerosol optical depth (AOD) data into the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to improve the ozone and total aerosol concentration for the CMAQ simulation over the contiguous United States (CONUS). AIRNow data assimilation was applied to the boundary layer, and MODIS AOD data were used to adjust total column aerosol. Four OI cases were designed to examine the effects of uncertainty setting and assimilation time; two of these cases used uncertainties that varied in time and location, or "dynamic uncertainties." More frequent assimilation and higher model uncertainties pushed the modeled results closer to the observation. Our comparison over a 24-hr period showed that ozone and PM2.5 mean biases could be reduced from 2.54 ppbV to 1.06 ppbV and from -7.14 µg/m³ to -0.11 µg/m³, respectively, over CONUS, while their correlations were also improved. Comparison to DISCOVER-AQ 2011 aircraft measurement showed that surface ozone assimilation applied to the CMAQ simulation improves regional low-altitude (below 2 km) ozone simulation. IMPLICATIONS This paper described an application of using optimal interpolation method to improve the model's ozone and PM2.5 estimation using surface measurement and satellite AOD. It highlights the usage of the operational AIRNow data set, which is available in near real time, and the MODIS AOD. With a similar method, we can also use other satellite products, such as the latest VIIRS products, to improve PM2.5 prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Tang
- a NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park , MD , USA
- b Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites , University of Maryland, College Park , MD , USA
| | - Tianfeng Chai
- a NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park , MD , USA
- b Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites , University of Maryland, College Park , MD , USA
| | - Li Pan
- a NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park , MD , USA
- b Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites , University of Maryland, College Park , MD , USA
| | - Pius Lee
- a NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park , MD , USA
| | - Daniel Tong
- a NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park , MD , USA
- b Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites , University of Maryland, College Park , MD , USA
- c Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
| | - Hyun-Cheol Kim
- a NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park , MD , USA
- b Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites , University of Maryland, College Park , MD , USA
| | - Weiwei Chen
- a NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park , MD , USA
- d Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , People's Republic of China
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Lee P, Liu Y. Preliminary evaluation of a regional atmospheric chemical data assimilation system for environmental surveillance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:12795-816. [PMID: 25514141 PMCID: PMC4276647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111212795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the progress of an ongoing effort by the Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA to build a prototype regional Chemical Analysis System (ARLCAS). The ARLCAS focuses on providing long-term analysis of the three dimensional (3D) air-pollutant concentration fields over the continental U.S. It leverages expertise from the NASA Earth Science Division-sponsored Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) for the state-of-science knowledge in atmospheric and data assimilation sciences. The ARLCAS complies with national operational center requirement protocols and aims to have the modeling system to be maintained by a national center. Meteorology and chemistry observations consist of land-, air- and space-based observed and quality-assured data. We develop modularized testing to investigate the efficacies of the various components of the ARLCAS. The sensitivity testing of data assimilation schemes showed that with the increment of additional observational data sets, the accuracy of the analysis chemical fields also increased incrementally in varying margins. The benefit is especially noted for additional data sets based on a different platform and/or a different retrieval algorithm. We also described a plan to apply the analysis chemical fields in environmental surveillance at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius Lee
- Air Resources Laboratory, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Kabatas B, Unal A, Pierce RB, Kindap T, Pozzoli L. The contribution of Saharan dust in PM(10) concentration levels in Anatolian Peninsula of Turkey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 488-489:413-421. [PMID: 24485280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sahara-originated dust is the most significant natural source of particulate matter; however, this contribution is still unclear in the Eastern Mediterranean especially in Western Turkey, where significant industrial sources and metropolitan areas are located. The Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) is utilized to explore the possible effects of Saharan dust on high levels of PM10 measured in Turkey. RAQMS model is compared with 118-air quality stations distributed throughout Turkey (81 cities) for April 2008. MODIS aerosol product (MOD04 for Terra and MYD04 for Aqua) is used to see columnar aerosol loading of the atmosphere at 550 nm (Aerosol optical depth (AOD) values found to be between 0.6 and 0.8 during the episode). High-resolution vertical profiles of clouds and aerosols are provided from CALIOP, on board of CALISPO satellite. The results suggest a significant contribution of Sahara dust to high levels of PM10 in Turkey with RAQMS and in situ time series showing similar patterns. The two data sets are found to be in agreement with a correlation of 0.87.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kabatas
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Unal
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - R B Pierce
- NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - T Kindap
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - L Pozzoli
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Natarajan M, Pierce RB, Schaack TK, Lenzen AJ, Al-Saadi JA, Soja AJ, Charlock TP, Rose FG, Winker DM, Worden JR. Radiative forcing due to enhancements in tropospheric ozone and carbonaceous aerosols caused by Asian fires during spring 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Prather MJ, Zhu X, Tang Q, Hsu J, Neu JL. An atmospheric chemist in search of the tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Xiao X, Cohan DS, Byun DW, Ngan F. Highly nonlinear ozone formation in the Houston region and implications for emission controls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pierce RB, Al-Saadi J, Kittaka C, Schaack T, Lenzen A, Bowman K, Szykman J, Soja A, Ryerson T, Thompson AM, Bhartia P, Morris GA. Impacts of background ozone production on Houston and Dallas, Texas, air quality during the Second Texas Air Quality Study field mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Verma S, Worden J, Pierce B, Jones DBA, Al-Saadi J, Boersma F, Bowman K, Eldering A, Fisher B, Jourdain L, Kulawik S, Worden H. Ozone production in boreal fire smoke plumes using observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Büker ML, Hitchman MH, Tripoli GJ, Pierce RB, Browell EV, Al-Saadi JA. Long-range convective ozone transport during INTEX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Song CK, Byun DW, Pierce RB, Alsaadi JA, Schaack TK, Vukovich F. Downscale linkage of global model output for regional chemical transport modeling: Method and general performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Fairlie TD, Avery MA, Pierce RB, Al-Saadi J, Dibb J, Sachse G. Impact of multiscale dynamical processes and mixing on the chemical composition of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pierce RB, Schaack T, Al-Saadi JA, Fairlie TD, Kittaka C, Lingenfelser G, Natarajan M, Olson J, Soja A, Zapotocny T, Lenzen A, Stobie J, Johnson D, Avery MA, Sachse GW, Thompson A, Cohen R, Dibb JE, Crawford J, Rault D, Martin R, Szykman J, Fishman J. Chemical data assimilation estimates of continental U.S. ozone and nitrogen budgets during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Thongboonchoo N, Chai T, Horowitz LW, Pierce RB, Al-Saadi JA, Pfister G, Vukovich JM, Avery MA, Sachse GW, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS, Atlas EL, Flocke FM, Weber RJ, Huey LG, Dibb JE, Streets DG, Brune WH. Influence of lateral and top boundary conditions on regional air quality prediction: A multiscale study coupling regional and global chemical transport models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Tang
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Gregory R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Narisara Thongboonchoo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Tianfeng Chai
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Larry W. Horowitz
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; NOAA; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey M. Vukovich
- Carolina Environmental Program; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | | | | | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - John S. Holloway
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Elliot L. Atlas
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida USA
| | - Frank M. Flocke
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - L. Gregory Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Jack E. Dibb
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | | | - William H. Brune
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
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Singh HB, Salas L, Herlth D, Kolyer R, Czech E, Avery M, Crawford JH, Pierce RB, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Cohen RC, Bertram TH, Perring A, Wooldridge PJ, Dibb J, Huey G, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Emmons LK, Flocke F, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Horowitz LW. Reactive nitrogen distribution and partitioning in the North American troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Singh HB, Brune WH, Crawford JH, Jacob DJ, Russell PB. Overview of the summer 2004 Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America (INTEX-A). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Wozniak AE, Fishman J, Wang PH, Creilson JK. Distribution of stratospheric column ozone (SCO) determined from satellite observations: Validation of solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) measurements in support of the tropospheric ozone residual (TOR) method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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de Laat ATJ. A model perspective on total tropospheric O3column variability and implications for satellite observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Kittaka C. A three-dimensional regional modeling study of the impact of clouds on sulfate distributions during TRACE-P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Wild O. Chemical transport model ozone simulations for spring 2001 over the western Pacific: Regional ozone production and its global impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hitchman MH. A modeling study of an East Asian convective complex during March 2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Hsu J. Are the TRACE-P measurements representative of the western Pacific during March 2001? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Oltmans SJ. Tropospheric ozone over the North Pacific from ozonesonde observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Heald CL, Jacob DJ, Fiore AM, Emmons LK, Gille JC, Deeter MN, Warner J, Edwards DP, Crawford JH, Hamlin AJ, Sachse GW, Browell EV, Avery MA, Vay SA, Westberg DJ, Blake DR, Singh HB, Sandholm ST, Talbot RW, Fuelberg HE. Asian outflow and trans-Pacific transport of carbon monoxide and ozone pollution: An integrated satellite, aircraft, and model perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colette L. Heald
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Arlene M. Fiore
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | - John C. Gille
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Juying Warner
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David J. Westberg
- Science Applications International Corporation; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - Donald R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | | | - Scott T. Sandholm
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute for Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Robert W. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Henry E. Fuelberg
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
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