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Abstract
Continental, orogenic, and oceanic lithospheric mantle embeds sizeable parcels of exotic cratonic lithospheric mantle (CLM) derived from distant, unrelated sources. This hints that CLM recycling into the mantle and its eventual upwelling and relamination at the base of younger plates contribute to the complex structure of the growing lithosphere. Here, we use numerical modeling to investigate the fate and survival of recycled CLM in the ambient mantle and test the viability of CLM relamination under Hadean to present-day mantle temperature conditions and its role in early lithosphere evolution. We show that the foundered CLM is partially mixed and homogenized in the ambient mantle; then, as thermal negative buoyancy vanishes, its long-lasting compositional buoyancy drives upwelling, relaminating unrelated growing lithospheric plates and contributing to differentiation under cratonic, orogenic, and oceanic regions. Parts of the CLM remain in the mantle as diffused depleted heterogeneities at multiple scales, which can survive for billions of years. Relamination is maximized for high depletion degrees and mantle temperatures compatible with the early Earth, leading to the upwelling and underplating of large volumes of foundered CLM, a process we name massive regional relamination (MRR). MRR explains the complex source, age, and depletion heterogeneities found in ancient cratonic lithospheric mantle, suggesting this may have been a key component of the construction of continents in the early Earth.
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Ball PW, White NJ, Maclennan J, Stephenson SN. Global influence of mantle temperature and plate thickness on intraplate volcanism. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2045. [PMID: 33824348 PMCID: PMC8024351 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermochemical structure of lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle exert primary controls on surface topography and volcanic activity. Volcanic rock compositions and mantle seismic velocities provide indirect observations of this structure. Here, we compile and analyze a global database of the distribution and composition of Neogene-Quaternary intraplate volcanic rocks. By integrating this database with seismic tomographic models, we show that intraplate volcanism is concentrated in regions characterized by slow upper mantle shear-wave velocities and by thin lithosphere (i.e. <100 km). We observe a negative correlation between shear-wave velocities at depths of 125–175 km and melt fractions inferred from volcanic rock compositions. Furthermore, mantle temperature and lithospheric thickness estimates obtained by geochemical modeling broadly agree with values determined from tomographic models that have been converted into temperature. Intraplate volcanism often occurs in regions where uplifted (but undeformed) marine sedimentary rocks are exposed. Regional elevation of these rocks can be generated by a combination of hotter asthenosphere and lithospheric thinning. Therefore, the distribution and composition of intraplate volcanic rocks through geologic time will help to probe past mantle conditions and surface processes. Here, the authors compile a global geochemical database of Neogene-Quaternary intraplate volcanism. By comparing the distribution and composition of these rocks with tomographic models they show that intraplate volcanism can be used to constrain upper-mantle structure at the time of eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Ball
- Bullard Laboratories, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rise, Cambridge, UK. .,Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - N J White
- Bullard Laboratories, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rise, Cambridge, UK.
| | - J Maclennan
- Bullard Laboratories, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rise, Cambridge, UK
| | - S N Stephenson
- Bullard Laboratories, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rise, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Su B, Chen Y, Mao Q. Sodium in olivine as a potential pressure indicator for orogenic dunite. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:94-96. [PMID: 36659083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Whitehouse PL, Gomez N, King MA, Wiens DA. Solid Earth change and the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Nat Commun 2019; 10:503. [PMID: 30700704 PMCID: PMC6353952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that Antarctica has the potential to contribute up to ~15 m of sea-level rise over the next few centuries. The evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is driven by a combination of climate forcing and non-climatic feedbacks. In this review we focus on feedbacks between the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the solid Earth, and the role of these feedbacks in shaping the response of the ice sheet to past and future climate changes. The growth and decay of the Antarctic Ice Sheet reshapes the solid Earth via isostasy and erosion. In turn, the shape of the bed exerts a fundamental control on ice dynamics as well as the position of the grounding line—the location where ice starts to float. A complicating issue is the fact that Antarctica is situated on a region of the Earth that displays large spatial variations in rheological properties. These properties affect the timescale and strength of feedbacks between ice-sheet change and solid Earth deformation, and hence must be accounted for when considering the future evolution of the ice sheet. The evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is driven by a combination of climate forcing and non-climatic feedbacks. In this review, the authors focus on feedbacks between the Antarctic Ice Sheet and the solid Earth, and the role of these feedbacks in shaping the response of the ice sheet to past and future climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalya Gomez
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0E8, Canada
| | - Matt A King
- School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Douglas A Wiens
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Korenaga J, Planavsky NJ, Evans DAD. Global water cycle and the coevolution of the Earth's interior and surface environment. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20150393. [PMID: 28416728 PMCID: PMC5394256 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The bulk Earth composition contains probably less than 0.3% of water, but this trace amount of water can affect the long-term evolution of the Earth in a number of different ways. The foremost issue is the occurrence of plate tectonics, which governs almost all aspects of the Earth system, and the presence of water could either promote or hinder the operation of plate tectonics, depending on where water resides. The global water cycle, which circulates surface water into the deep mantle and back to the surface again, could thus have played a critical role in the Earth's history. In this contribution, we first review the present-day water cycle and discuss its uncertainty as well as its secular variation. If the continental freeboard has been roughly constant since the Early Proterozoic, model results suggest long-term net water influx from the surface to the mantle, which is estimated to be 3-4.5×1014 g yr-1 on the billion years time scale. We survey geological and geochemical observations relevant to the emergence of continents above the sea level as well as the nature of Precambrian plate tectonics. The global water cycle is suggested to have been dominated by regassing, and its implications for geochemical cycles and atmospheric evolution are also discussed.This article is part of the themed issue 'The origin, history and role of water in the evolution of the inner Solar System'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Korenaga
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Noah J Planavsky
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David A D Evans
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Continental crust formation at arcs, the arclogite “delamination” cycle, and one origin for fertile melting anomalies in the mantle. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dalton CA, Langmuir CH, Gale A. Geophysical and Geochemical Evidence for Deep Temperature Variations Beneath Mid-Ocean Ridges. Science 2014; 344:80-3. [PMID: 24700855 DOI: 10.1126/science.1249466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A. Dalton
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charles H. Langmuir
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Allison Gale
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Plant and Earth Science, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, 410 South 3rd Street, River Falls, WI 54022, USA
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Mapping the Distribution of Fluids in the Crust and Lithospheric Mantle Utilizing Geophysical Methods. LECTURE NOTES IN EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28394-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chou HC, Kuo BY, Chiao LY, Zhao D, Hung SH. Tomography of the westernmost Ryukyu subduction zone and the serpentinization of the fore-arc mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jb006192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Rychert
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0225, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peter M. Shearer
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0225, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Dalton CA, Ekström G, Dziewoński AM. The global attenuation structure of the upper mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jb005429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schutt DL, Lesher CE. Effects of melt depletion on the density and seismic velocity of garnet and spinel lherzolite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Schutt
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Wyoming; Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - C. E. Lesher
- Department of Geology; University of California; Davis California USA
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Korenaga J. Archean geodynamics and the thermal evolution of Earth. ARCHEAN GEODYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTS 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/164gm03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Cooper C, Lenardic A, Levander A, Moresi L. Creation and preservation of cratonic lithosphere: Seismic constraints and geodynamic models. ARCHEAN GEODYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTS 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/164gm07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Rychert CA, Fischer KM, Rondenay S. A sharp lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary imaged beneath eastern North America. Nature 2005; 436:542-5. [PMID: 16049485 DOI: 10.1038/nature03904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plate tectonic theory hinges on the concept of a relatively rigid lithosphere moving over a weaker asthenosphere, yet the nature of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary remains poorly understood. The gradient in seismic velocity that occurs at this boundary is central to constraining the physical and chemical properties that create differences in mechanical strength between the two layers. For example, if the lithosphere is simply a thermal boundary layer that is more rigid owing to colder temperatures, mantle flow models indicate that the velocity gradient at its base would occur over tens of kilometres. In contrast, if the asthenosphere is weak owing to volatile enrichment or the presence of partial melt, the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary could occur over a much smaller depth range. Here we use converted seismic phases in eastern North America to image a very sharp seismic velocity gradient at the base of the lithosphere-a 3-11 per cent drop in shear-wave velocity over a depth range of 11 km or less at 90-110 km depth. Such a strong, sharp boundary cannot be reconciled with a purely thermal gradient, but could be explained by an asthenosphere that contains a few per cent partial melt or that is enriched in volatiles relative to the lithosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Rychert
- Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Box 1846, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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Stixrude L. Mineralogy and elasticity of the oceanic upper mantle: Origin of the low-velocity zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb002965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jiang F, Speziale S, Duffy TS. Single-crystal elasticity of grossular- and almandine-rich garnets to 11 GPa by Brillouin scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Jiang
- Department of Geosciences; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Sergio Speziale
- Department of Geosciences; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Thomas S. Duffy
- Department of Geosciences; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey USA
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