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Zhang L, Cao Z, Zartman RE, Li C, Sun S, Liu L, Sun W. An emerging plume head interacting with the Hawaiian plume tail. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100404. [PMID: 36915900 PMCID: PMC10005903 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain has shown two subparallel geographical and geochemical volcanic trends, Loa and Kea, since ∼5 Ma, for which numerous models have been proposed that usually involve a single mantle plume sampling different compositional sources of the deep or shallow mantle. However, both the dramatically increased eruption rate of the Hawaiian hotspot since ∼5 Ma and the nearly simultaneous southward bending of the Hawaiian chain remain unexplained. Here, we propose a plume-plume interaction model where the compositionally depleted Kea trend represents the original Hawaiian plume tail and the relatively enriched Loa trend represents an emerging plume head southeast of the Hawaiian plume tail. Geodynamic modeling further suggests that the interaction between the existing Hawaiian plume tail and the emerging Loa plume head is responsible for the southward bending of the Hawaiian chain. We show that the arrival of the new plume head also dramatically increases the eruption rate along the hotspot track. We suggest that this double-plume scenario may also represent an important mechanism for the formation of other hotspot tracks in the Pacific plate, likely reflecting a dynamic reorganization of the lowermost mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zebin Cao
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Robert E Zartman
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Congying Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Deep-Sea Multidisciplinary Research Center, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Saijun Sun
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Geology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Weidong Sun
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Deep-Sea Multidisciplinary Research Center, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Hoernle K, Rohde J, Hauff F, Garbe-Schönberg D, Homrighausen S, Werner R, Morgan JP. How and when plume zonation appeared during the 132 Myr evolution of the Tristan Hotspot. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 26213112 PMCID: PMC4525177 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, spatial geochemical zonation, present as geographically distinct, subparallel trends, is observed along hotspot tracks, such as Hawaii and the Galapagos. The origin of this zonation is currently unclear. Recently zonation was found along the last ∼70 Myr of the Tristan-Gough hotspot track. Here we present new Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope data from the older parts of this hotspot track (Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise) and re-evaluate published data from the Etendeka and Parana flood basalts erupted at the initiation of the hotspot track. We show that only the enriched Gough, but not the less-enriched Tristan, component is present in the earlier (70–132 Ma) history of the hotspot. Here we present a model that can explain the temporal evolution and origin of plume zonation for both the Tristan-Gough and Hawaiian hotspots, two end member types of zoned plumes, through processes taking place in the plume sources at the base of the lower mantle. Striped geochemical zonation has been observed along parts of hotspot tracks, although its origin is not well-understood. Here, the authors present Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope data and present a model that can explain the evolution of zonation in both Tristan-Gough and Hawaiian hotspots, reflecting two end members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj Hoernle
- 1] GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany [2] CAU Kiel University, Institute of Geosciences, Ludewig-Meyn-Strasse 10, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Joana Rohde
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Folkmar Hauff
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Garbe-Schönberg
- CAU Kiel University, Institute of Geosciences, Ludewig-Meyn-Strasse 10, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Homrighausen
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Reinhard Werner
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jason P Morgan
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Earth Sciences, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Adam
- Laboratoire de Géosciences Marines; Institut de Physique du Globe; Paris France
| | - Alain Bonneville
- Laboratoire de Géosciences Marines; Institut de Physique du Globe; Paris France
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Sobolev AV, Hofmann AW, Sobolev SV, Nikogosian IK. An olivine-free mantle source of Hawaiian shield basalts. Nature 2005; 434:590-7. [PMID: 15800614 DOI: 10.1038/nature03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
More than 50 per cent of the Earth's upper mantle consists of olivine and it is generally thought that mantle-derived melts are generated in equilibrium with this mineral. Here, however, we show that the unusually high nickel and silicon contents of most parental Hawaiian magmas are inconsistent with a deep olivine-bearing source, because this mineral together with pyroxene buffers both nickel and silicon at lower levels. This can be resolved if the olivine of the mantle peridotite is consumed by reaction with melts derived from recycled oceanic crust, to form a secondary pyroxenitic source. Our modelling shows that more than half of Hawaiian magmas formed during the past 1 Myr came from this source. In addition, we estimate that the proportion of recycled (oceanic) crust varies from 30 per cent near the plume centre to insignificant levels at the plume edge. These results are also consistent with volcano volumes, magma volume flux and seismological observations.
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Van Ark E, Lin J. Time variation in igneous volume flux of the Hawaii-Emperor hot spot seamount chain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Van Ark
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint Program; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
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