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Aerosol Nutrients and Their Biological Influence on the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) and Its Marginal Seas. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060842. [PMID: 35741363 PMCID: PMC9219953 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary With intensifying human activities in the past decades, East Asia has recorded increasingly severe air pollution and become the second largest aerosol source on earth. The large quantity of aerosol emissions is not only a major health threat to humans, but can also be transported for a long distance and deposited in downwind seas and oceans. The aerosol contains major ions, heavy metals, and organic matters that are important external nutrients in upper oceans and potentially influence marine microbes and biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, the role of atmospheric deposition to oceans has received growing attention in recent years. In this paper, the current state of knowledge on the atmospheric nutrients and the biological effect of East Asian aerosol deposition on the northwest Pacific Ocean are reviewed, which could help us better understand the comprehensive influence of East Asian aerosols on marine ecosystems, and give insights into future research directions, especially under the future scenarios of changing human activities and climate. Abstract Atmospheric deposition is recognized as a significant source of nutrients in the surface ocean. The East Asia region is among the largest sources of aerosol emissions in the world, due to its large industrial, agricultural, and energy production. Thus, East Asian aerosols contain a large proportion of anthropogenic particles that are characterized by small size, complex composition, and high nutrient dissolution, resulting in important influences on marine microbes and biogeochemical cycles in the downwind areas of the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO). By using remote sensing, modeling, and incubation experimental methods, enhanced primary production due to the East Asian aerosol input has been observed in the NWPO, with subsequent promotion and inhibition impacts on different phytoplankton taxa. Changes of bacterial activity and diversity also occur in response to aerosol input. The impact of East Asian aerosol loadings is closely related to the amount and composition of the aerosol deposition as well as the hydrological condition of the receiving seawater. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the atmospheric nutrients and the effects of the East Asian aerosols on microbes in the NWPO region. Future research perspectives are also proposed.
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Li W, Li B, Tao S, Shen G, Fu B, Yin T, Han L, Han Y. Source identification of particulate phosphorus in the atmosphere in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143174. [PMID: 33131833 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We tracked atmospheric phosphorus (P) in suspended particulate matter (PM) from a site in Beijing, China over a three-year period and found a new relationship between plants and atmospheric P. Concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in the atmosphere during plant growing seasons were 2.5 times those observed in other months and levels of organic phosphorus (OP) were 3.9 times as high. TP and OP increases during growing seasons were much more significant in PM with diameters of over 2.5 μm (PM>2.5). PM collected during growing seasons included high levels of P but less nitrogen than that in primary biogenic aerosol particles (PBAPs) and differed from other emission sources such as combustion emissions and dust. A time series of OP concentrations in the atmosphere shows a time lag relative to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data with high levels found during early growing periods and much lower levels found during flourishing periods. Thus, we find that plants contribute to atmospheric P and especially to OP rather than to PBAP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China..
| | - Shu Tao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianya Yin
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Luchao Han
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunman Han
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Ezeh G, Obioh I, Asubiojo O, Chiari M, Nava S, Calzolai G, Lucarelli F, Nuviadenu C. The complementarity of PIXE and PIGE techniques: A case study of size segregated airborne particulates collected from a Nigeria city. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 103:82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sobanska S, Hwang H, Choël M, Jung HJ, Eom HJ, Kim H, Barbillat J, Ro CU. Investigation of the Chemical Mixing State of Individual Asian Dust Particles by the Combined Use of Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Raman Microspectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3145-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2029584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sobanska
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie
Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - HeeJin Hwang
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Songdo Dong, Yeonsu Gu, 406-840 Incheon,
South Korea
| | - Marie Choël
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie
Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - Hae-Jin Jung
- Department of
Chemistry, Inha University, Yonghyun Dong,
Nam Gu, 402-751 Incheon,
South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Eom
- Department of
Chemistry, Inha University, Yonghyun Dong,
Nam Gu, 402-751 Incheon,
South Korea
| | - HyeKyeong Kim
- Department of
Chemistry, Inha University, Yonghyun Dong,
Nam Gu, 402-751 Incheon,
South Korea
| | - Jacques Barbillat
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie
Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of
Chemistry, Inha University, Yonghyun Dong,
Nam Gu, 402-751 Incheon,
South Korea
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Size-fractionated airborne particulate matter characterization of a residential area near Islamabad airport by IBA methods. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Waheed S, Jaafar MZ, Siddique N, Markwitz A, Brereton RG. PIXE analysis of PM2.5 and PM(2.5-10) for air quality assessment of Islamabad, Pakistan: application of chemometrics for source identification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:2016-2027. [PMID: 22870998 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.695559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A Gent sampler was used to collect 379 pairs of filters from Nilore, a suburban area of Islamabad city. The study was designed to assess the concentration variations of trace elements in fine and coarse particulate matter due to anthropogenic activities and naturally occurring events. Source identification was performed by applying MATLAB software for principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA). The average fine and coarse particulate masses during the study period were 15.1 ± 11.9 and 37.3 ± 28.0 μg/m(3) respectively which complies with the 24-h air quality limits set by the government of Pakistan. The application of PCA to PM(2.5) data suggests the PM contribution from sources such as soil, automobile exhaust and coal combustion, road dust and wearing of tyres, wood combustion, biomass burning and fertilizers and fungicides whereas for the PM(2.5-10) data shows signatures of suspended soil, automobile exhaust, road dust and wearing of tyres, wood and biomass burning, refuse incineration, Ni smelter, fertilizers and fungicides are obtained. Cluster analysis of PM(2.5) and PM(2.5-10) datasets reveals that there are mainly three contributory pollution sources and these are suspended soil particles, automobile related sources and wood and coal combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Waheed
- Chemistry Division, Directorate of Science, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Geng H, Cheng F, Ro CU. Single-particle characterization of atmospheric aerosols collected at Gosan, Korea, during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment field campaign using low-Z (atomic number) particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:1183-1191. [PMID: 22168102 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.604292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis (ED-EPMA), namely low-Z (atomic number) particle EPMA, was used to characterize the chemical compositions of the individual aerosol particles collected at the Gosan supersite, Jeju Island, Korea, as a part of the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). On 4-10 April 2001 just before a severe dust storm arrived, seven sets of aerosol samples were obtained by a seven-stage May cascade impactor with a flow rate of 20 L/min. Overall 11,200 particles on stages 1-6 with cutoff diameters of 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, and 0.5 microm, respectively, were examined and classified based on their secondary electron images and X-ray spectra. In general, sea salt particles were the most frequently encountered, followed by mineral dust, organic carbon (OC)-like, (NH4)2SO4/NH4HSO4-containing, elemental carbon (EC)-like, Fe-rich, and K-rich particles. Sea salt and mineral dust particles had a higher relative abundance on stages 1-5, whereas OC-like, (NH4)2SO4/NH4HSO4-containing, Fe-rich, and K-rich particles were relatively abundant on stage 6. The analysis on relative number abundances of various particle types combined with 72-hr backward air mass trajectories indicated that a lot of reacted sea salt and reacted mineral dust (with airborne NOx and SO2 or their acidic products) and OC-like particles were carried by the air masses passing over the Yellow Sea (for sample "10 April") and many NH4HSO4/ (NH4)2SO4-containing particles were carried by the air masses passing over the Sea of Japan and Korea Strait (for samples "4-9 April"). It was concluded that the atmosphere over Jeju Island was influenced by anthropogenic SO2 and NOx, organic compounds, and secondary aerosols when Asian dust was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Geng
- Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
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Lim JM, Jeong JH, Lee JH, Moon JH, Chung YS, Kim KH. The analysis of PM2.5 and associated elements and their indoor/outdoor pollution status in an urban area. INDOOR AIR 2011; 21:145-55. [PMID: 21118306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, elemental composition of PM2.5 and the status of indoor/outdoor pollution were investigated in a commercial building near a roadside area in Daejeon, Korea. A total of 60 parallel PM2.5 samples were collected both on the roof (outdoor) and in an indoor office of a building near a highly congested road during the spring and fall of 2008. The concentrations of 23 elements were analysed from these PM2.5 samples using instrumental neutron activation analysis. PM2.5 levels in indoor environment (47.6 ± 16.5 μg/m(3)) were noticeably higher than the outdoor levels (37.7 ± 17.2 μg/m(3)) with the I/O concentration ratio of 1.37 ± 0.33 [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.89, P < 0.001]. Principal component analysis results coincidently showed the predominance of sources such as soil dust, traffic, oil/coal combustion and road dust for both indoor and outdoor microenvironments. An isolated source in the indoor environment was assigned to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) with high factor loading of Ce, Cl, I, K, La and Zn. The overall results of our study indicate that the sources of indoor constituents were strongly dependent on outdoor processes except for the ones affected by independent sources such as ETS. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS An improved understanding of the factors affecting the indoor PM2.5 concentration levels can lead to the development of an efficient management strategy to control health risks from exposure to indoor PM2.5 and related toxic components. A comparison of our comprehensive data sets indicated that most indoor PM2.5 and associated elemental species were strongly enriched by indoor source activities along with infiltration of ambient outdoor air for a naturally ventilated building.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Lim
- Department of Nuclear Basic Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
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Cheng T, Han Z, Zhang R, Du H, Jia X, Wang J, Yao J. Black carbon in a continental semi-arid area of Northeast China and its possible sources of fire emission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hsu SC, Liu SC, Huang YT, Chou CCK, Lung SCC, Liu TH, Tu JY, Tsai F. Long-range southeastward transport of Asian biosmoke pollution: Signature detected by aerosol potassium in Northern Taiwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hidy GM. Surface-level fine particle mass concentrations: from hemispheric distributions to megacity sources. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2009; 59:770-789. [PMID: 19645262 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.59.7.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Since 1990, basic knowledge of the "chemical climate" of fine particles, has greatly improved from Junge's compilation from the 1960s. A worldwide baseline distribution of fine particle concentrations on a synoptic scale of approximately 1000 km can be estimated at least qualitatively from measurements. A geographical distribution of fine particle characteristics is deduced from a synthesis of a variety of disparate data collected at ground level on all continents, especially in the northern hemisphere. On the average, the regional mass concentrations range from 1 to 80 microg/m3, with the highest concentrations in regions of high population density and industrialization. Fine particles by mass on a continental and hemispheric spatial scale are generally dominated by non-sea salt sulfate (0.2 to approximately 20 microg/m3, or approximately 25%) and organic carbon (0.2-> 10 microg/m3, or approximately 25%), with lesser contributions of ammonium, nitrate, elemental carbon, and elements found in sea salt or soil dust. The crustal and trace metal elements contribute a varied amount to fine particle mass depending on location, with a larger contribution in marine conditions or during certain events such as dust storms or volcanic disturbances. The average distribution of mass concentration and major components depends on the proximity to areal aggregations of sources, most of which are continental in origin, with contributions from sea salt emissions in the marine environment. The highest concentrations generally are within or near very large population and industrial centers, especially in Asia, including parts of China and India, as well as North America and Europe. Natural sources of blowing dust, sea salt, and wildfires contribute to large, intermittent spatial-scale particle loadings beyond these ranges. A sampling of 10 megacities illustrates a range of characteristic particle composition, dependent on local and regional sources. Long-range transport of pollution from spatially aggregated sources over hundreds of kilometers creates persistent regional- and continental-scale gradients of mass concentration, sulfate, and carbon species especially in the northern hemisphere. Data are sparse in the southern hemisphere, especially beyond 45 degrees S, but are generally very low in mass concentrations.
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Hsu SC, Liu SC, Huang YT, Lung SCC, Tsai F, Tu JY, Kao SJ. A criterion for identifying Asian dust events based on Al concentration data collected from northern Taiwan between 2002 and early 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cheng Y, Lee SC, Ho KF, Wang YQ, Cao JJ, Chow JC, Watson JG. Black carbon measurement in a coastal area of south China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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