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Liu Y, Zhao Q, Hao X, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Fu Q, Xu X, Wang X, Huo J, Chen J. Increasing surface ozone and enhanced secondary organic carbon formation at a city junction site: An epitome of the Yangtze River Delta, China (2014-2017). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114847. [PMID: 32502871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to understand the characteristics of surface ozone (O3), search for factors affecting the variations in its concentration, and estimate its impacts on the secondary organic carbon (SOC) levels and atmospheric oxidation capacities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). Four years of continuous observations (2014-2017) of the surface O3, organic carbon, elemental carbon, nitrogen oxides, PM2.5 and meteorological factors along with three years of measurements (2015-2017) of the concentrations of 56 volatile organic compounds were conducted at a rural site. Our measurements showed that the total number of O3 pollution days more than doubled over the four-year period, from 28 days in 2014 to 76 days in 2017. The annual mean of the maximum daily 8-h average O3 concentration during the months with the strongest solar radiation (July-September) showed a 6.8% growth rate, from 124.5 (2014) to 149.8 μg m-3 (2017). Regional transport was shown to be the dominant contributor to the high level of O3 based on a process analysis of the O3 variation using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multiscale Air Quality model for this site. The simulation results indicated that the city junction site served well as an epitome of the regional background of the YRD. We also found that the level of SOC, which is a major component of PM2.5 that results from atmospheric oxidizing processes, gradually increased with the increase in the surface O3 level, even though the overall PM2.5 concentration significantly decreased each year. There was an increasingly strong correlation between SOC and Ox (O3 + nitrogen dioxide) during both the daytime and night-time from 2014 to 2017 when the highest annual O3 concentration was observed. These findings imply that the atmospheric oxidation capacity increased and likely contributed to the SOC production in the YRD during 2014-2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qianbiao Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Xue Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junri Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juntao Huo
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai, 200062, China
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Harris E, Sinha B, van Pinxteren D, Tilgner A, Fomba KW, Schneider J, Roth A, Gnauk T, Fahlbusch B, Mertes S, Lee T, Collett J, Foley S, Borrmann S, Hoppe P, Herrmann H. Enhanced Role of Transition Metal Ion Catalysis During In-Cloud Oxidation of SO2. Science 2013; 340:727-30. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1230911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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