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Assessing the Impact of Cumulus Parameterization Schemes on Simulated Summer Wind Speed over Mainland China. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wind speed is an important meteorological parameter, whose simulation is influenced by various physical process parameterizations. However, the impact of cumulus parameterization schemes (CPSs) on wind speed simulation at the climate scale has not been sufficiently investigated in previous studies. Using the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARWv3) and hydrostatic wind speed change equation, we assessed the effects of four CPSs on a 10 m wind speed simulation over mainland China in the summer of 2003. In general, different CPSs can reproduce the wind speed distribution. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of wind speed simulation to CPSs was found to be the highest in East and southern China, followed by the Tibetan Plateau, and then Northwest China. We found that the main physical processes influencing wind speed (i.e., the pressure gradient (PRE), diffusion (DFN), and convection (CON) terms) vary greatly with sub-regions. CPSs mainly affect the secondary CON that regulates the balance between the dominant terms PRE and DFN, and also has a significant effect on PRE. For example, for CON, the difference index (DIF) between the Kain–Fritsch (KF) and previous KF (pKF) CPSs is larger than 20%, corresponding to a PRE DIF of about 14%. The term of local wind speed change (Vt) is significantly more sensitive to the CPSs than the other terms with a DIF of 283% over the Tibetan Plateau, suggesting high CPS sensitivity of the simulated wind speed. In addition, we explained the causes of the CPS-induced sensitivities. This work helps understand the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) performance and emphasizes the importance of the CPS choice in simulating/forecasting wind speed.
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2
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Kok JF, Adebiyi AA, Albani S, Balkanski Y, Checa-Garcia R, Chin M, Colarco PR, Hamilton DS, Huang Y, Ito A, Klose M, Leung DM, Li L, Mahowald NM, Miller RL, Obiso V, García-Pando CP, Rocha-Lima A, Wan JS, Whicker CA. Improved representation of the global dust cycle using observational constraints on dust properties and abundance. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:8127-8167. [PMID: 37649640 PMCID: PMC10466066 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-8127-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Even though desert dust is the most abundant aerosol by mass in Earth's atmosphere, atmospheric models struggle to accurately represent its spatial and temporal distribution. These model errors are partially caused by fundamental difficulties in simulating dust emission in coarse-resolution models and in accurately representing dust microphysical properties. Here we mitigate these problems by developing a new methodology that yields an improved representation of the global dust cycle. We present an analytical framework that uses inverse modeling to integrate an ensemble of global model simulations with observational constraints on the dust size distribution, extinction efficiency, and regional dust aerosol optical depth. We then compare the inverse model results against independent measurements of dust surface concentration and deposition flux and find that errors are reduced by approximately a factor of two relative to current model simulations of the Northern Hemisphere dust cycle. The inverse model results show smaller improvements in the less dusty Southern Hemisphere, most likely because both the model simulations and the observational constraints used in the inverse model are less accurate. On a global basis, we find that the emission flux of dust with geometric diameter up to 20 μm (PM20) is approximately 5,000 Tg/year, which is greater than most models account for. This larger PM20 dust flux is needed to match observational constraints showing a large atmospheric loading of coarse dust. We obtain gridded data sets of dust emission, vertically integrated loading, dust aerosol optical depth, (surface) concentration, and wet and dry deposition fluxes that are resolved by season and particle size. As our results indicate that this data set is more accurate than current model simulations and the MERRA-2 dust reanalysis product, it can be used to improve quantifications of dust impacts on the Earth system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper F. Kok
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adeyemi A. Adebiyi
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel Albani
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de
l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSaclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de
l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSaclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ramiro Checa-Garcia
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de
l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSaclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mian Chin
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Peter R. Colarco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Douglas S. Hamilton
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Akinori Ito
- Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, JAMSTEC, Yokohama,
Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan
| | - Martina Klose
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Danny M. Leung
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Longlei Li
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Natalie M. Mahowald
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Ron L. Miller
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York NY10025
USA
| | - Vincenzo Obiso
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona,
Spain
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York NY10025
USA
| | - Carlos Pérez García-Pando
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona,
Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced
Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Rocha-Lima
- Physics Department, UMBC, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Joint Center Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology,
UMBC, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica S. Wan
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Chloe A. Whicker
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University
of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Sharma D, Miller RL. Revisiting the Observed Correlation Between Weekly Averaged Indian Monsoon Precipitation and Arabian Sea Aerosol Optical Depth. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 44:10006-10016. [PMID: 32943801 PMCID: PMC7493012 DOI: 10.1002/2017gl074373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dust influences the Indian summer monsoon on seasonal timescales by perturbing atmospheric radiation. On weekly time scales, aerosol optical depth retrieved by satellite over the Arabian Sea is correlated with Indian monsoon precipitation. This has been interpreted to show the effect of dust radiative heating on Indian rainfall on synoptic (few-day) time scales. However, this correlation is reproduced by Earth System Model simulations, where dust is present but its radiative effect is omitted. Analysis of daily variability suggests that the correlation results from the effect of precipitation on dust through the associated cyclonic circulation. Boundary layer winds that deliver moisture to India are responsible for dust outbreaks in source regions far upwind, including the Arabian Peninsula. This suggests that synoptic variations in monsoon precipitation over India enhance dust emission and transport to the Arabian Sea. The effect of dust radiative heating upon synoptic monsoon variations remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Sharma
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences, New York NY
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ron L. Miller
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences, New York NY
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Foroutan H, Pleim JE. Improving the simulation of convective dust storms in regional-to-global models. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2017; 9:2046-2060. [PMID: 29963221 PMCID: PMC6020693 DOI: 10.1002/2017ms000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Convective dust storms have significant impacts on atmospheric conditions and air quality and are a major source of dust uplift in summertime. However, regional-to-global models generally do not accurately simulate these storms, a limitation that can be attributed to (1) using a single mean value for wind speed per grid box, i.e., not accounting for subgrid wind variability and (2) using convective parametrizations that poorly simulate cold pool outflows. This study aims to improve the simulation of convective dust storms by tackling these two issues. Specifically, we incorporate a probability distribution function for surface wind in each grid box to account for subgrid wind variability due to dry and moist convection. Furthermore, we use lightning assimilation to increase the accuracy of the convective parameterization and simulated cold pool outflows. This updated model framework is used to simulate a massive convective dust storm that hit Phoenix, AZ, on 6 July 2011. The results show that lightning assimilation provides a more realistic simulation of precipitation features, including timing and location, and the resulting cold pool outflows that generated the dust storm. When those results are combined with a dust model that accounts for subgrid wind variability, the prediction of dust uplift and concentrations are considerably improved compared to the default model results. This modeling framework could potentially improve the simulation of convective dust storms in global models, regional climate simulations, and retrospective air quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Foroutan
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan E Pleim
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Atmospheric dust constitutes particles <100 μm, or deposits thereof (continental or marine); dust includes ‘loess,’ defined as continental aeolian silt (4–62.5 μm). Dust is well-known from Earth's near-time (mostly Quaternary) record, and recognized as a high-fidelity archive of climate, but remains under-recognized for deep time. Attributes such as thickness, grain size, magnetism, pedogenesis, and provenance of dust form valuable indicators of paleoclimate to constrain models of atmospheric dustiness. Additionally, dust acts as an agent of climate change via both direct and indirect effects on radiative forcing, and on productivity, and thus the biosphere and carbon cycling. Dust from the late Paleozoic of western equatorial Pangea reflects ultimate derivation from orogens (ancestral Rocky Mountains, Central Pangean Mountains), whereas dust from southwestern Pangea (Bolivia) reflects both proximal volcanism and crustal material. Records of dust conducive to cyclostratigraphic analysis, such as data on dust inputs from carbonate sections, or magnetism in paleo-loess, reveal dust cyclicity at Milankovitch timescales, but resolution is compromised if records are too brief, or irregular in interval or magnitude of the attribute being measured. Climate modeling enables identification of the primary regions of dust sourcing in deep time, and impacts of dust on radiative balance and biogeochemistry. Deep-time modeling remains preliminary, but is achievable, and indicates principal dust sources in the Pangean subtropics, with sources increasing during colder climates. Carbon cycle modeling suggests that glacial-phase dust increases stimulated extreme productivity, potentially increasing algal activity and perturbing ecosystem compositions of the late Paleozoic.
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Foroutan H, Young J, Napelenok S, Ran L, Appel KW, Gilliam RC, Pleim JE. Development and evaluation of a physics-based windblown dust emission scheme implemented in the CMAQ modeling system. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2017; 9:585-608. [PMID: 30245776 PMCID: PMC6145470 DOI: 10.1002/2016ms000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A new windblown dust emission treatment was incorporated in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. This new model treatment has been built upon previously developed physics-based parameterization schemes from the literature. A distinct and novel feature of this scheme, however, is the incorporation of a newly developed dynamic relation for the surface roughness length relevant to small-scale dust generation processes. Through this implementation, the effect of nonerodible elements on the local flow acceleration, drag partitioning, and surface coverage protection is modeled in a physically based and consistent manner. Careful attention is paid in integrating the new windblown dust treatment in the CMAQ model to ensure that the required input parameters are correctly configured. To test the performance of the new dust module in CMAQ, the entire year 2011 is simulated for the continental United States, with particular emphasis on the southwestern United States (SWUS) where windblown dust concentrations are relatively large. Overall, the model shows good performance with the daily mean bias of soil concentrations fluctuating in the range of ±1 μg m-3 for the entire year. Springtime soil concentrations are in quite good agreement (normalized mean bias of 8.3%) with observations, while moderate to high underestimation of soil concentration is seen in the summertime. The latter is attributed to the issue of representing the convective dust storms in summertime. Evaluations against observations for seven elevated dust events in the SWUS indicate that the new windblown dust treatment is capable of capturing spatial and temporal characteristics of dust outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Foroutan
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - J. Young
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - S. Napelenok
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. Ran
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - K. W. Appel
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - R. C. Gilliam
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - J. E. Pleim
- Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Cowie SM, Marsham JH, Knippertz P. The importance of rare, high-wind events for dust uplift in northern Africa. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 42:8208-8215. [PMID: 27667872 PMCID: PMC5020594 DOI: 10.1002/2015gl065819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dust uplift is a nonlinear thresholded function of wind speed and therefore particularly sensitive to the long tails of observed wind speed probability density functions. This suggests that a few rare high-wind events can contribute substantially to annual dust emission. Here we quantify the relative roles of different wind speeds to dust-generating winds using surface synoptic observations of dust emission and wind from northern Africa. The results show that winds between 2 and 5 m s-1 above the threshold cause the most emission. Of the dust-generating winds, 25% is produced by very rare events occurring only at 0.1 to 1.4% of the time, depending on the region. Dust-producing winds are underestimated in ERA-I, since it misses the long tail found in observations. ERA-I overpredicts (underpredicts) the frequency of emission strength winds in the southern (northern) regions. These problems cannot be solved by simple tunings. Finally, we show that rare events make the largest contribution to interannual variability in dust-generating winds and that ERA severely underestimates this interannual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Cowie
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - John H Marsham
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Peter Knippertz
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
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Roberts AJ, Knippertz P. The formation of a large summertime Saharan dust plume: Convective and synoptic-scale analysis. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2014; 119:1766-1785. [PMID: 25844277 PMCID: PMC4379907 DOI: 10.1002/2013jd020667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Haboobs are dust storms produced by the spreading of evaporatively cooled air from thunderstorms over dusty surfaces and are a major dust uplift process in the Sahara. In this study observations, reanalysis, and a high-resolution simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model are used to analyze the multiscale dynamics which produced a long-lived (over 2 days) Saharan mesoscale convective system (MCS) and an unusually large haboob in June 2010. An upper level trough and wave on the subtropical jet 5 days prior to MCS initiation produce a precipitating tropical cloud plume associated with a disruption of the Saharan heat low and moistening of the central Sahara. The restrengthening Saharan heat low and a Mediterranean cold surge produce a convergent region over the Hoggar and Aïr Mountains, where small convective systems help further increase boundary layer moisture. Emerging from this region the MCS has intermittent triggering of new cells, but later favorable deep layer shear produces a mesoscale convective complex. The unusually large size of the resulting dust plume (over 1000 km long) is linked to the longevity and vigor of the MCS, an enhanced pressure gradient due to lee cyclogenesis near the Atlas Mountains, and shallow precipitating clouds along the northern edge of the cold pool. Dust uplift processes identified are (1) strong winds near the cold pool front, (2) enhanced nocturnal low-level jet within the aged cold pool, and (3) a bore formed by the cold pool front on the nocturnal boundary layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Roberts
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds, UK
| | - P Knippertz
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds, UK
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Kok JF, Parteli EJR, Michaels TI, Karam DB. The physics of wind-blown sand and dust. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:106901. [PMID: 22982806 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/10/106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The transport of sand and dust by wind is a potent erosional force, creates sand dunes and ripples, and loads the atmosphere with suspended dust aerosols. This paper presents an extensive review of the physics of wind-blown sand and dust on Earth and Mars. Specifically, we review the physics of aeolian saltation, the formation and development of sand dunes and ripples, the physics of dust aerosol emission, the weather phenomena that trigger dust storms, and the lifting of dust by dust devils and other small-scale vortices. We also discuss the physics of wind-blown sand and dune formation on Venus and Titan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper F Kok
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Marcella MP, Eltahir EAB. Effects of mineral aerosols on the summertime climate of southwest Asia: Incorporating subgrid variability in a dust emission scheme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Huang Q, Marsham JH, Parker DJ, Tian W, Grams CM. Simulations of the effects of surface heat flux anomalies on stratification, convective growth, and vertical transport within the Saharan boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reinfried F, Tegen I, Heinold B, Hellmuth O, Schepanski K, Cubasch U, Huebener H, Knippertz P. Simulations of convectively‐driven density currents in the Atlas region using a regional model: Impacts on dust emission and sensitivity to horizontal resolution and convection schemes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Knippertz P, Trentmann J, Seifert A. High‐resolution simulations of convective cold pools over the northwestern Sahara. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kavouras IG, Etyemezian V, DuBois DW, Xu J, Pitchford M. Source reconciliation of atmospheric dust causing visibility impairment in Class I areas of the western United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Koven CD, Fung I. Identifying global dust source areas using high-resolution land surface form. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Marsham JH, Parker DJ, Grams CM, Taylor CM, Haywood JM. Uplift of Saharan dust south of the intertropical discontinuity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Menut L. Sensitivity of hourly Saharan dust emissions to NCEP and ECMWF modeled wind speed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Milton SF, Greed G, Brooks ME, Haywood J, Johnson B, Allan RP, Slingo A, Grey WMF. Modeled and observed atmospheric radiation balance during the West African dry season: Role of mineral dust, biomass burning aerosol, and surface albedo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heinold B, Helmert J, Hellmuth O, Wolke R, Ansmann A, Marticorena B, Laurent B, Tegen I. Regional modeling of Saharan dust events using LM-MUSCAT: Model description and case studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Menut L, Forêt G, Bergametti G. Sensitivity of mineral dust concentrations to the model size distribution accuracy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Menut
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Ecole Polytechnique; Palaiseau France
| | - Gilles Forêt
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques; Universités Paris7-Paris 12-CNRS; Créteil France
| | - Gilles Bergametti
- Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques; Universités Paris7-Paris 12-CNRS; Créteil France
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Bauer SE, Mishchenko MI, Lacis AA, Zhang S, Perlwitz J, Metzger SM. Do sulfate and nitrate coatings on mineral dust have important effects on radiative properties and climate modeling? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Engelstaedter S, Washington R. Atmospheric controls on the annual cycle of North African dust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Miller RL, Cakmur RV, Perlwitz J, Geogdzhayev IV, Ginoux P, Koch D, Kohfeld KE, Prigent C, Ruedy R, Schmidt GA, Tegen I. Mineral dust aerosols in the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences ModelE atmospheric general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Cakmur RV, Miller RL, Perlwitz J, Geogdzhayev IV, Ginoux P, Koch D, Kohfeld KE, Tegen I, Zender CS. Constraining the magnitude of the global dust cycle by minimizing the difference between a model and observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Pierce JR, Adams PJ. Global evaluation of CCN formation by direct emission of sea salt and growth of ultrafine sea salt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Hara K, Iwasaka Y, Wada M, Ihara T, Shiba H, Osada K, Yamanouchi T. Aerosol constituents and their spatial distribution in the free troposphere of coastal Antarctic regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Bauer SE. Impact of heterogeneous sulfate formation at mineral dust surfaces on aerosol loads and radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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