1
|
Industrial-era decline in subarctic Atlantic productivity. Nature 2019; 569:551-555. [PMID: 31061499 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton have a crucial role in the modulation of marine-based food webs1, fishery yields2 and the global drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide3. However, owing to sparse measurements before satellite monitoring in the twenty-first century, the long-term response of planktonic stocks to climate forcing is unknown. Here, using a continuous, multi-century record of subarctic Atlantic marine productivity, we show that a marked 10 ± 7% decline in net primary productivity has occurred across this highly productive ocean basin over the past two centuries. We support this conclusion by the application of a marine-productivity proxy, established using the signal of the planktonic-derived aerosol methanesulfonic acid, which is commonly identified across an array of Greenlandic ice cores. Using contemporaneous satellite-era observations, we demonstrate the use of this signal as a robust and high-resolution proxy for past variations in spatially integrated marine productivity. We show that the initiation of declining subarctic Atlantic productivity broadly coincides with the onset of Arctic surface warming4, and that productivity strongly covaries with regional sea-surface temperatures and basin-wide gyre circulation strength over recent decades. Taken together, our results suggest that the decline in industrial-era productivity may be evidence of the predicted5 collapse of northern Atlantic planktonic stocks in response to a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation6-8. Continued weakening of this Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, as projected for the twenty-first century9,10, may therefore result in further productivity declines across this globally relevant region.
Collapse
|
2
|
Domine F, Bock J, Voisin D, Donaldson DJ. Can We Model Snow Photochemistry? Problems with the Current Approaches. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:4733-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florent Domine
- Takuvik Joint International
Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) and CNRS (France), Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, 1045 Avenue de
La Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon,
1045 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Josué Bock
- Université Joseph Fourier−Grenoble
1/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, UMR 5183, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - Didier Voisin
- Université Joseph Fourier−Grenoble
1/CNRS, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, UMR 5183, Grenoble, F-38041, France
| | - D. J. Donaldson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, and Department of Physical and
Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abram NJ, Thomas ER, McConnell JR, Mulvaney R, Bracegirdle TJ, Sime LC, Aristarain AJ. Ice core evidence for a 20th century decline of sea ice in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
4
|
Traversi R, Becagli S, Castellano E, Marino F, Rugi F, Severi M, de Angelis M, Fischer H, Hansson M, Stauffer B, Steffensen JP, Bigler M, Udisti R. Sulfate spikes in the deep layers of EPICA-Dome C ice core: evidence of glaciological artifacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:8737-8743. [PMID: 19943640 DOI: 10.1021/es901426y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A detailed ionic component record was performed on EPICA Dome C ice core (East Antarctica) to a depth of 3190 m using Ion Chromatography and Fast Ion Chromatography (FIC). At depths greater than 2800 m, the sulfate profile shows intense, sharp spikes which are not expected due to the smoothing of sulfate peaks by diffusion processes. Moreover, these spikes show an "anomalous" chemical composition (e.g., unusually low acidity, high Mg(2+) concentration and high Mg(2+)/Ca(2+) ratio). These peaks and the surrounding layers also exhibit good Mg(2+) vs SO(4)(2-) and Cl(-) vs Na(+) correlations through both glacial and interglacial periods. Furthermore, the high-resolution analysis of two horizontally contiguous ice sections showed that some fraction of the impurities are characterized by a heterogeneous distribution. Altogether, these results suggest the occurrence of long-term postdepositional processes involving a rearrangement of impurities via migration in the vein network, characterized by sulfuric acidity and leading to the formation of soluble particles of magnesium sulfate salts, along with ionic association of ions in the liquid films along boundaries. This evidence should be taken into consideration when inferring information on for rapid climatic and environmental changes from ice core chemical records at great depths. At Dome C, the depth threshold was found to be 2800 m.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Traversi
- Chemistry Department, University of Florence, I-50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Traversi R, Becagli S, Castellano E, Cerri O, Morganti A, Severi M, Udisti R. Study of Dome C site (East Antartica) variability by comparing chemical stratigraphies. Microchem J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Li Y, Cole‐Dai J, Zhou L. Glaciochemical evidence in an East Antarctica ice core of a recent (AD 1450–1850) neoglacial episode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
Preunkert S, Jourdain B, Legrand M, Udisti R, Becagli S, Cerri O. Seasonality of sulfur species (dimethyl sulfide, sulfate, and methanesulfonate) in Antarctica: Inland versus coastal regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
8
|
Jonsell U, Hansson ME, Siggaard-Andersen ML, Steffensen JP. Comparison of northern and central Greenland ice core records of methanesulfonate covering the last glacial period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
9
|
Wolff EW, Fischer H, Fundel F, Ruth U, Twarloh B, Littot GC, Mulvaney R, Röthlisberger R, de Angelis M, Boutron CF, Hansson M, Jonsell U, Hutterli MA, Lambert F, Kaufmann P, Stauffer B, Stocker TF, Steffensen JP, Bigler M, Siggaard-Andersen ML, Udisti R, Becagli S, Castellano E, Severi M, Wagenbach D, Barbante C, Gabrielli P, Gaspari V. Southern Ocean sea-ice extent, productivity and iron flux over the past eight glacial cycles. Nature 2006; 440:491-6. [PMID: 16554810 DOI: 10.1038/nature04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sea ice and dust flux increased greatly in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial period. Palaeorecords provide contradictory evidence about marine productivity in this region, but beyond one glacial cycle, data were sparse. Here we present continuous chemical proxy data spanning the last eight glacial cycles (740,000 years) from the Dome C Antarctic ice core. These data constrain winter sea-ice extent in the Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean biogenic productivity and Patagonian climatic conditions. We found that maximum sea-ice extent is closely tied to Antarctic temperature on multi-millennial timescales, but less so on shorter timescales. Biological dimethylsulphide emissions south of the polar front seem to have changed little with climate, suggesting that sulphur compounds were not active in climate regulation. We observe large glacial-interglacial contrasts in iron deposition, which we infer reflects strongly changing Patagonian conditions. During glacial terminations, changes in Patagonia apparently preceded sea-ice reduction, indicating that multiple mechanisms may be responsible for different phases of CO2 increase during glacial terminations. We observe no changes in internal climatic feedbacks that could have caused the change in amplitude of Antarctic temperature variations observed 440,000 years ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E W Wolff
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fundel F, Fischer H, Weller R, Traufetter F, Oerter H, Miller H. Influence of large-scale teleconnection patterns on methane sulfonate ice core records in Dronning Maud Land. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Piel C, Weller R, Huke M, Wagenbach D. Atmospheric methane sulfonate and non-sea-salt sulfate records at the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) deep-drilling site in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|