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Davis SM, Rosenlof KH, Hassler B, Hurst DF, Read WG, Vömel H, Selkirk H, Fujiwara M, Damadeo R. The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: a long-term database for climate studies. EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA 2016; 8:461-490. [PMID: 28966693 PMCID: PMC5619261 DOI: 10.5194/essd-8-461-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the construction of the Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database, which includes vertically resolved ozone and water vapor data from a subset of the limb profiling satellite instruments operating since the 1980s. The primary SWOOSH products are zonal-mean monthly-mean time series of water vapor and ozone mixing ratio on pressure levels (12 levels per decade from 316 to 1 hPa). The SWOOSH pressure level products are provided on several independent zonal-mean grids (2.5, 5, and 10°), and additional products include two coarse 3-D griddings (30° long × 10° lat, 20° × 5°) as well as a zonal-mean isentropic product. SWOOSH includes both individual satellite source data as well as a merged data product. A key aspect of the merged product is that the source records are homogenized to account for inter-satellite biases and to minimize artificial jumps in the record. We describe the SWOOSH homogenization process, which involves adjusting the satellite data records to a "reference" satellite using coincident observations during time periods of instrument overlap. The reference satellite is chosen based on the best agreement with independent balloon-based sounding measurements, with the goal of producing a long-term data record that is both homogeneous (i.e., with minimal artificial jumps in time) and accurate (i.e., unbiased). This paper details the choice of reference measurements, homogenization, and gridding process involved in the construction of the combined SWOOSH product and also presents the ancillary information stored in SWOOSH that can be used in future studies of water vapor and ozone variability. Furthermore, a discussion of uncertainties in the combined SWOOSH record is presented, and examples of the SWOOSH record are provided to illustrate its use for studies of ozone and water vapor variability on interannual to decadal timescales. The version 2.5 SWOOSH data are publicly available at doi:10.7289/V5TD9VBX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Davis
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Birgit Hassler
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dale F. Hurst
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William G. Read
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Holger Vömel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Henry Selkirk
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
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Hegglin MI, Plummer DA, Shepherd TG, Scinocca JF, Anderson J, Froidevaux L, Funke B, Hurst D, Rozanov A, Urban J, von Clarmann T, Walker KA, Wang HJ, Tegtmeier S, Weigel K. Vertical structure of stratospheric water vapour trends derived from merged satellite data. NATURE GEOSCIENCE 2014; 7:768-776. [PMID: 29263751 PMCID: PMC5734650 DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stratospheric water vapour is a powerful greenhouse gas. The longest available record from balloon observations over Boulder, Colorado, USA shows increases in stratospheric water vapour concentrations that cannot be fully explained by observed changes in the main drivers, tropical tropopause temperatures and methane. Satellite observations could help resolve the issue, but constructing a reliable long-term data record from individual short satellite records is challenging. Here we present an approach to merge satellite data sets with the help of a chemistry-climate model nudged to observed meteorology. We use the models' water vapour as a transfer function between data sets that overcomes issues arising from instrument drift and short overlap periods. In the lower stratosphere, our water vapour record extends back to 1988 and water vapour concentrations largely follow tropical tropopause temperatures. Lower and mid-stratospheric long-term trends are negative, and the trends from Boulder are shown not to be globally representative. In the upper stratosphere, our record extends back to 1986 and shows positive long-term trends. The altitudinal differences in the trends are explained by methane oxidation together with a strengthened lower-stratospheric and a weakened upper-stratospheric circulation inferred by this analysis. Our results call into question previous estimates of surface radiative forcing based on presumed global long-term increases in water vapour concentrations in the lower stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Hegglin
- University of Reading, Department of Meteorology, Reading RG6 6BB, UK
| | - D A Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - T G Shepherd
- University of Reading, Department of Meteorology, Reading RG6 6BB, UK
| | - J F Scinocca
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - J Anderson
- Hampton University, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - L Froidevaux
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91020, USA
| | - B Funke
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Granada 18008, Spain
| | - D Hurst
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Divison, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A Rozanov
- University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Bremen 28334, Germany
| | - J Urban
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
| | - T von Clarmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - K A Walker
- University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - H J Wang
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, USA
| | | | - K Weigel
- University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Bremen 28334, Germany
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Kroon M, de Haan JF, Veefkind JP, Froidevaux L, Wang R, Kivi R, Hakkarainen JJ. Validation of operational ozone profiles from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lambert A, Read WG, Livesey NJ, Santee ML, Manney GL, Froidevaux L, Wu DL, Schwartz MJ, Pumphrey HC, Jimenez C, Nedoluha GE, Cofield RE, Cuddy DT, Daffer WH, Drouin BJ, Fuller RA, Jarnot RF, Knosp BW, Pickett HM, Perun VS, Snyder WV, Stek PC, Thurstans RP, Wagner PA, Waters JW, Jucks KW, Toon GC, Stachnik RA, Bernath PF, Boone CD, Walker KA, Urban J, Murtagh D, Elkins JW, Atlas E. Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder middle atmosphere water vapor and nitrous oxide measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lumpe J, Bevilacqua R, Randall C, Nedoluha G, Hoppel K, Russell J, Harvey VL, Schiller C, Sen B, Taha G, Toon G, Vömel H. Validation of Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III version 4 stratospheric water vapor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fueglistaler S, Haynes PH. Control of interannual and longer-term variability of stratospheric water vapor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Taha G. Comparison of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II version 6.2 water vapor with balloon-borne and space-based instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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