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Ciesielczuk J, Fabiańska MJ, Gaidzik K, Nádudvari Á, Misz-Kennan M, Abramowicz A. Botryoidal and spherulitic hematite as experimental evidence of highly acidic conditions in burning coal-waste dumps and potentially on Mars. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172759. [PMID: 38670352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the extreme setting of burning coal-waste dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland, botryoidal and spherulitic hematite occurs in association with sulphates and chlorides. A series of simple experiments aimed at replicating the conditions leading to the formation of hematite spherules on the burning dumps are described. Goethite synthesised in the laboratory, mixed with various combinations of other reactants, was heated in a heating chamber or a tubular furnace. Temperature, duration of heating, water and oxygen access, and pH were experimental variables. The results show that hematite may form spherules from goethite where access to oxygen is limited and where conditions are strongly acidic. The spherulitic shape of hematite produced due to dynamically changing physicochemical conditions in the burning dumps can be an indicator of an extremely acidic environment during the closing stages of coal-waste self-heating. The conditions of hematitic-spherule formation on burning coal-waste dumps may apply in a variety of other unrelated settings, e.g., waning volcanism, sulphuric acid speleologenesis and even the formation of blueberries on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ciesielczuk
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Monika J Fabiańska
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gaidzik
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ádám Nádudvari
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Misz-Kennan
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Abramowicz
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Wall KT, Rowe MC, Ellis BS, Schmidt ME, Eccles JD. Determining volcanic eruption styles on Earth and Mars from crystallinity measurements. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5090. [PMID: 25277152 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Earth and Mars possess different styles of explosive basaltic volcanism. Distinguishing phreatomagmatic eruptions, driven by magma-water interaction, from 'magmatic' explosive eruptions (that is, strombolian and plinian eruptions) is important for determining the presence of near-surface water or ice at the time of volcanism. Here we show that eruption styles can be broadly identified by relative variations in groundmass or bulk crystallinity determined by X-ray diffraction. Terrestrial analogue results indicate that rapidly quenched phreatomagmatic ejecta display lower groundmass crystallinity (<35%) than slower cooling ejecta from strombolian or plinian eruptions (>40%). Numerical modelling suggests Martian plinian eruptive plumes moderate cooling, allowing 20-30% syn-eruptive crystallization, and thus reduce the distinction between eruption styles on Mars. Analysis of Mars Curiosity rover CheMin X-ray diffraction results from Gale crater indicate that the crystallinity of Martian sediment (52-54%) is similar to pyroclastic rocks from Gusev crater, Mars, and consistent with widespread distribution of basaltic strombolian or plinian volcanic ejecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie T Wall
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Webster Physical Science Building, Room 1228, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Michael C Rowe
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Commerce A Building, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ben S Ellis
- Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariek E Schmidt
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, Saint Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1
| | - Jennifer D Eccles
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Commerce A Building, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Platz T, Byrne PK, Massironi M, Hiesinger H. Volcanism and tectonism across the inner solar system: an overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1144/sp401.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVolcanism and tectonism are the dominant endogenic means by which planetary surfaces change. This book, in general, and this overview, in particular, aim to encompass the broad range in character of volcanism, tectonism, faulting and associated interactions observed on planetary bodies across the inner solar system – a region that includes Mercury, Venus, Earth, the Moon, Mars and asteroids. The diversity and breadth of landforms produced by volcanic and tectonic processes are enormous, and vary across the inventory of inner solar system bodies. As a result, the selection of prevailing landforms and their underlying formational processes that are described and highlighted in this review are but a primer to the expansive field of planetary volcanism and tectonism. In addition to this extended introductory contribution, this Special Publication features 21 dedicated research articles about volcanic and tectonic processes manifest across the inner solar system. Those articles are summarized at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Platz
- Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Planetary Sciences & Remote Sensing, Malteserstrasse 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. K. Byrne
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015-1305, USA
| | - M. Massironi
- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Padova, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - H. Hiesinger
- Institut für Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Watters TR, Campbell B, Carter L, Leuschen CJ, Plaut JJ, Picardi G, Orosei R, Safaeinili A, Clifford SM, Farrell WM, Ivanov AB, Phillips RJ, Stofan ER. Radar Sounding of the Medusae Fossae Formation Mars: Equatorial Ice or Dry, Low-Density Deposits? Science 2007; 318:1125-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1148112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Watters
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Bruce Campbell
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Lynn Carter
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Carl J. Leuschen
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Plaut
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Giovanni Picardi
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Roberto Orosei
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Ali Safaeinili
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Stephen M. Clifford
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - William M. Farrell
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Anton B. Ivanov
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Roger J. Phillips
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Ellen R. Stofan
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Infocom Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
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