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Evaluating Stereo Digital Terrain Model Quality at Mars Rover Landing Sites with HRSC, CTX, and HiRISE Images. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13173511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have used high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) of two rover landing sites based on mosaicked images from the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera as a reference to evaluate DTMs based on High-Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) and Context Camera (CTX) images. The Next-Generation Automatic Terrain Extraction (NGATE) matcher in the SOCET SET and GXP® commercial photogrammetric systems produces DTMs with good (small) horizontal resolution but large vertical error. Somewhat surprisingly, results for NGATE are terrain dependent, with poorer resolution and smaller errors on smoother surfaces. Multiple approaches to smoothing the NGATE DTMs give similar tradeoffs between resolution and error; a 5 × 5 lowpass filter is near optimal in terms of both combined resolution-error performance and local slope estimation. Smoothing with an area-based matcher, the standard processing for U.S. Geological Survey planetary DTMs, yields similar errors to the 5 × 5 filter at slightly worse resolution. DTMs from the HRSC team processing pipeline fall within this same trade space but are less sensitive to terrain roughness. DTMs produced with the Ames Stereo Pipeline also fall in this space at resolutions intermediate between NGATE and the team pipeline. Considered individually, resolution and error each varied by approximately a factor of 2. Matching errors were 0.2–0.5 pixels but most results fell in the 0.2–0.3 pixel range that has been stated as a rule of thumb in multiple prior studies. Horizontal resolutions of 10–20 image pixels were found, consistently greater than the 3–5 pixel spacing generally used for stereo DTM production. Resolution and precision were inversely correlated; their product varied by ≤20% (4–5 pixels squared). Refinement of the stereo DTM by photoclinometry can yield quantitative improvement in resolution (more than a factor of 2), provided that albedo variations over distances smaller than the stereo DTM resolution are not too severe. We offer specific guidance for both producers and users of planetary stereo DTMs, based on our results.
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Stack KM, Williams NR, Calef F, Sun VZ, Williford KH, Farley KA, Eide S, Flannery D, Hughes C, Jacob SR, Kah LC, Meyen F, Molina A, Nataf CQ, Rice M, Russell P, Scheller E, Seeger CH, Abbey WJ, Adler JB, Amundsen H, Anderson RB, Angel SM, Arana G, Atkins J, Barrington M, Berger T, Borden R, Boring B, Brown A, Carrier BL, Conrad P, Dypvik H, Fagents SA, Gallegos ZE, Garczynski B, Golder K, Gomez F, Goreva Y, Gupta S, Hamran SE, Hicks T, Hinterman ED, Horgan BN, Hurowitz J, Johnson JR, Lasue J, Kronyak RE, Liu Y, Madariaga JM, Mangold N, McClean J, Miklusicak N, Nunes D, Rojas C, Runyon K, Schmitz N, Scudder N, Shaver E, SooHoo J, Spaulding R, Stanish E, Tamppari LK, Tice MM, Turenne N, Willis PA, Yingst RA. Photogeologic Map of the Perseverance Rover Field Site in Jezero Crater Constructed by the Mars 2020 Science Team. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2020; 216:127. [PMID: 33568875 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing site is located within Jezero crater, a ∼ 50 km diameter impact crater interpreted to be a Noachian-aged lake basin inside the western edge of the Isidis impact structure. Jezero hosts remnants of a fluvial delta, inlet and outlet valleys, and infill deposits containing diverse carbonate, mafic, and hydrated minerals. Prior to the launch of the Mars 2020 mission, members of the Science Team collaborated to produce a photogeologic map of the Perseverance landing site in Jezero crater. Mapping was performed at a 1:5000 digital map scale using a 25 cm/pixel High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) orthoimage mosaic base map and a 1 m/pixel HiRISE stereo digital terrain model. Mapped bedrock and surficial units were distinguished by differences in relative brightness, tone, topography, surface texture, and apparent roughness. Mapped bedrock units are generally consistent with those identified in previously published mapping efforts, but this study's map includes the distribution of surficial deposits and sub-units of the Jezero delta at a higher level of detail than previous studies. This study considers four possible unit correlations to explain the relative age relationships of major units within the map area. Unit correlations include previously published interpretations as well as those that consider more complex interfingering relationships and alternative relative age relationships. The photogeologic map presented here is the foundation for scientific hypothesis development and strategic planning for Perseverance's exploration of Jezero crater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Stack
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Nathan R Williams
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Fred Calef
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Vivian Z Sun
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Kenneth H Williford
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | | | - David Flannery
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cory Hughes
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | | | - Linda C Kah
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Astrobiología, CAB (INTA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Melissa Rice
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Eva Scheller
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - William J Abbey
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - Hans Amundsen
- Earth and Planetary Exploration Services, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Gorka Arana
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - James Atkins
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Tor Berger
- Forsvarets forskingsinstitutt, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Rose Borden
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Beau Boring
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Brandi L Carrier
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Pamela Conrad
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Keenan Golder
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Felipe Gomez
- Centro de Astrobiología, CAB (INTA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yulia Goreva
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | | | - Taryn Hicks
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Joel Hurowitz
- State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeremie Lasue
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Rachel E Kronyak
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Mangold
- Laboratoire Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR 6112, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Nunes
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - Kirby Runyon
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Schmitz
- Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt E.V., Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Emily Shaver
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jason SooHoo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Evan Stanish
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leslie K Tamppari
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | | | - Peter A Willis
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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Stack KM, Williams NR, Calef F, Sun VZ, Williford KH, Farley KA, Eide S, Flannery D, Hughes C, Jacob SR, Kah LC, Meyen F, Molina A, Nataf CQ, Rice M, Russell P, Scheller E, Seeger CH, Abbey WJ, Adler JB, Amundsen H, Anderson RB, Angel SM, Arana G, Atkins J, Barrington M, Berger T, Borden R, Boring B, Brown A, Carrier BL, Conrad P, Dypvik H, Fagents SA, Gallegos ZE, Garczynski B, Golder K, Gomez F, Goreva Y, Gupta S, Hamran SE, Hicks T, Hinterman ED, Horgan BN, Hurowitz J, Johnson JR, Lasue J, Kronyak RE, Liu Y, Madariaga JM, Mangold N, McClean J, Miklusicak N, Nunes D, Rojas C, Runyon K, Schmitz N, Scudder N, Shaver E, SooHoo J, Spaulding R, Stanish E, Tamppari LK, Tice MM, Turenne N, Willis PA, Yingst RA. Photogeologic Map of the Perseverance Rover Field Site in Jezero Crater Constructed by the Mars 2020 Science Team. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2020; 216:127. [PMID: 33568875 PMCID: PMC7116714 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover landing site is located within Jezero crater, a ∼ 50 km diameter impact crater interpreted to be a Noachian-aged lake basin inside the western edge of the Isidis impact structure. Jezero hosts remnants of a fluvial delta, inlet and outlet valleys, and infill deposits containing diverse carbonate, mafic, and hydrated minerals. Prior to the launch of the Mars 2020 mission, members of the Science Team collaborated to produce a photogeologic map of the Perseverance landing site in Jezero crater. Mapping was performed at a 1:5000 digital map scale using a 25 cm/pixel High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) orthoimage mosaic base map and a 1 m/pixel HiRISE stereo digital terrain model. Mapped bedrock and surficial units were distinguished by differences in relative brightness, tone, topography, surface texture, and apparent roughness. Mapped bedrock units are generally consistent with those identified in previously published mapping efforts, but this study's map includes the distribution of surficial deposits and sub-units of the Jezero delta at a higher level of detail than previous studies. This study considers four possible unit correlations to explain the relative age relationships of major units within the map area. Unit correlations include previously published interpretations as well as those that consider more complex interfingering relationships and alternative relative age relationships. The photogeologic map presented here is the foundation for scientific hypothesis development and strategic planning for Perseverance's exploration of Jezero crater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Stack
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Nathan R Williams
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Fred Calef
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Vivian Z Sun
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Kenneth H Williford
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | | | - David Flannery
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cory Hughes
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | | | - Linda C Kah
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Astrobiología, CAB (INTA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Melissa Rice
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Eva Scheller
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - William J Abbey
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - Hans Amundsen
- Earth and Planetary Exploration Services, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Gorka Arana
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - James Atkins
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Tor Berger
- Forsvarets forskingsinstitutt, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Rose Borden
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Beau Boring
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Brandi L Carrier
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Pamela Conrad
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Keenan Golder
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Felipe Gomez
- Centro de Astrobiología, CAB (INTA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yulia Goreva
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | | | - Taryn Hicks
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Joel Hurowitz
- State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeremie Lasue
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Rachel E Kronyak
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Mangold
- Laboratoire Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR 6112, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Daniel Nunes
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - Kirby Runyon
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Schmitz
- Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt E.V., Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Emily Shaver
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jason SooHoo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Evan Stanish
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leslie K Tamppari
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | | | - Peter A Willis
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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Golombek M, Kass D, Williams N, Warner N, Daubar I, Piqueux S, Charalambous C, Pike WT. Assessment of InSight Landing Site Predictions. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2020; 125:e2020JE006502. [PMID: 32999801 PMCID: PMC7507760 DOI: 10.1029/2020je006502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of remote sensing data used to select the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) landing site correctly predicted the atmospheric temperature and pressure profile during entry and descent, the safe landing surface, and the geologic setting of the site. The smooth plains upon which the InSight landing site is located were accurately predicted to be generally similar to the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit landing site with relatively low rock abundance, low slopes, and a moderately dusty surface with a 3-10 m impact fragmented regolith over Hesperian to Early Amazonian basaltic lava flows. The deceleration profile and surface pressure encountered by the spacecraft during entry, descent, and landing compared well (within 1σ) of the envelope of modeled temperature profiles and the expected surface pressure. Orbital estimates of thermal inertia are similar to surface radiometer measurements, and materials at the surface are dominated by poorly consolidated sand as expected. Thin coatings of bright atmospheric dust on the surface were as indicated by orbital albedo and dust cover index measurements. Orbital estimates of rock abundance from shadow measurements in high-resolution images and thermal differencing indicated very low rock abundance and surface counts show 1-4% area covered by rocks. Slopes at 100 to 5 m length scale measured from orbital topographic and radar data correctly indicated a surface comparably smooth and flat as the two smoothest landing sites (Opportunity and Phoenix). Thermal inertia and radar data indicated the surface would be load bearing as found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - D. Kass
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - N. Williams
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - N. Warner
- Department of Geological SciencesState University of New York College at GeneseoGeneseoNYUSA
| | - I. Daubar
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Earth, Environmental, and Planetary SciencesBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
| | - S. Piqueux
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - C. Charalambous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - W. T. Pike
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Longo A, Damer B. Factoring Origin of Life Hypotheses into the Search for Life in the Solar System and Beyond. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E52. [PMID: 32349245 PMCID: PMC7281141 DOI: 10.3390/life10050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Two widely-cited alternative hypotheses propose geological localities and biochemical mechanisms for life's origins. The first states that chemical energy available in submarine hydrothermal vents supported the formation of organic compounds and initiated primitive metabolic pathways which became incorporated in the earliest cells; the second proposes that protocells self-assembled from exogenous and geothermally-delivered monomers in freshwater hot springs. These alternative hypotheses are relevant to the fossil record of early life on Earth, and can be factored into the search for life elsewhere in the Solar System. This review summarizes the evidence supporting and challenging these hypotheses, and considers their implications for the search for life on various habitable worlds. It will discuss the relative probability that life could have emerged in environments on early Mars, on the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn, and also the degree to which prebiotic chemistry could have advanced on Titan. These environments will be compared to ancient and modern terrestrial analogs to assess their habitability and biopreservation potential. Origins of life approaches can guide the biosignature detection strategies of the next generation of planetary science missions, which could in turn advance one or both of the leading alternative abiogenesis hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Longo
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Department of Geology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bruce Damer
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA or
- Digital Space Research, Boulder Creek, CA 95006, USA
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Brady AL, Kobs Nawotniak SE, Hughes SS, Payler SJ, Stevens AH, Cockell CS, Elphic RC, Sehlke A, Haberle CW, Slater GF, Lim DS. Strategic Planning Insights for Future Science-Driven Extravehicular Activity on Mars. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:347-368. [PMID: 30840500 PMCID: PMC6442241 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Short-term and long-term science plans were developed as part of the strategic planning process used by the Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains (BASALT) science team to conduct two Mars-simulation missions investigating basalt habitability at terrestrial volcanic analog sites in 2016. A multidisciplinary team of scientists generated and codified a range of scientific hypotheses distilled into a Science Traceability Matrix (STM) that defined the set of objectives pursued in a series of extravehicular activity (EVA) campaigns performed across multiple field deployments. This STM was used to guide the pre-deployment selection of sampling stations within the selected Mars analog sites on the Earth based on precursor site information such as multispectral imagery. It also informed selection of hand-held instruments and observational data to collect during EVA to aid sample selection through latency-impacted interaction with an Earth-based Science Support Team. A significant portion of the pre-deployment strategic planning activities were devoted to station selection, ultimately the locations used for sample collection and EVA planning. During development of the EVAs, the BASALT science team identified lessons learned that could be used to inform future missions and analog activities, including the critical need for high-resolution precursor imagery that would enable the selection of stations that could meet the scientific objectives outlined in the STM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L. Brady
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Scott S. Hughes
- Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho
| | - Samuel J. Payler
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adam H. Stevens
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S. Cockell
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Greg F. Slater
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Darlene S.S. Lim
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI), NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, California
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Heldmann JL, Schurmeier L, McKay C, Davila A, Stoker C, Marinova M, Wilhelm MB. Midlatitude ice-rich ground on mars as a target in the search for evidence of life and for in situ resource utilization on human missions. ASTROBIOLOGY 2014; 14:102-118. [PMID: 24506507 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2013.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Midlatitude ground ice on Mars is of significant scientific interest for understanding the history and evolution of ice stability on Mars and is relevant for human exploration as a possible in situ resource. For both science and exploration, assessing the astrobiological potential of the ice is important in terms of (1) understanding the potential for life on Mars and (2) evaluating the presence of possible biohazards in advance of human exploration. In the present study, we review the evidence for midlatitude ground ice on Mars, discuss the possible explanations for its occurrence, and assess its potential habitability. During the course of study, we systematically analyzed remote-sensing data sets to determine whether a viable landing site exists in the northern midlatitudes to enable a robotic mission that conducts in situ characterization and searches for evidence of life in the ice. We classified each site according to (1) presence of polygons as a proxy for subsurface ice, (2) presence and abundance of rough topographic obstacles (e.g., large cracks, cliffs, uneven topography), (3) rock density, (4) presence and abundance of large boulders, and (5) presence of craters. We found that a suitable landing site exists within Amazonis Planitia near ground ice that was recently excavated by a meteorite impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Heldmann
- 1 NASA Ames Research Center , Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Moffett Field, California
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Hayes AG, Grotzinger JP, Edgar LA, Squyres SW, Watters WA, Sohl-Dickstein J. Reconstruction of eolian bed forms and paleocurrents from cross-bedded strata at Victoria Crater, Meridiani Planum, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Chojnacki M, Burr DM, Moersch JE, Michaels TI. Orbital observations of contemporary dune activity in Endeavor crater, Meridiani Planum, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Golombek M, Robinson K, McEwen A, Bridges N, Ivanov B, Tornabene L, Sullivan R. Constraints on ripple migration at Meridiani Planum from Opportunity and HiRISE observations of fresh craters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tamppari LK, Barnes J, Bonfiglio E, Cantor B, Friedson AJ, Ghosh A, Grover MR, Kass D, Martin TZ, Mellon M, Michaels T, Murphy J, Rafkin SCR, Smith MD, Tsuyuki G, Tyler D, Wolff M. Expected atmospheric environment for the Phoenix landing season and location. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Tornabene LL, Moersch JE, McSween HY, Hamilton VE, Piatek JL, Christensen PR. Surface and crater-exposed lithologic units of the Isidis Basin as mapped by coanalysis of THEMIS and TES derived data products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Schmidt ME, Ruff SW, McCoy TJ, Farrand WH, Johnson JR, Gellert R, Ming DW, Morris RV, Cabrol N, Lewis KW, Schroeder C. Hydrothermal origin of halogens at Home Plate, Gusev Crater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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McCoy TJ, Sims M, Schmidt ME, Edwards L, Tornabene LL, Crumpler LS, Cohen BA, Soderblom LA, Blaney DL, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Rice JW, Tréguier E, d'Uston C, Grant JA, McSween HY, Golombek MP, Haldemann AFC, de Souza PA. Structure, stratigraphy, and origin of Husband Hill, Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Yen AS, Morris RV, Clark BC, Gellert R, Knudson AT, Squyres S, Mittlefehldt DW, Ming DW, Arvidson R, McCoy T, Schmidt M, Hurowitz J, Li R, Johnson JR. Hydrothermal processes at Gusev Crater: An evaluation of Paso Robles class soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Karunatillake S, Keller JM, Squyres SW, Boynton WV, Brückner J, Janes DM, Gasnault O, Newsom HE. Chemical compositions at Mars landing sites subject to Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer constraints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John M. Keller
- Physics Department; California Polytechnic State University; San Luis Obispo California USA
| | | | - William V. Boynton
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | | | - Daniel M. Janes
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Olivier Gasnault
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Horton E. Newsom
- Institute of Meteoritics and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
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18
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McEwen AS, Eliason EM, Bergstrom JW, Bridges NT, Hansen CJ, Delamere WA, Grant JA, Gulick VC, Herkenhoff KE, Keszthelyi L, Kirk RL, Mellon MT, Squyres SW, Thomas N, Weitz CM. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1056] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Rogers AD, Bandfield JL, Christensen PR. Global spectral classification of Martian low-albedo regions with Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES) data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Hahn BC, McLennan SM, Taylor GJ, Boynton WV, Dohm JM, Finch MJ, Hamara DK, Janes DM, Karunatillake S, Keller JM, Kerry KE, Metzger AE, Williams RMS. Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer elemental abundances and apparent relative surface age: Implications for Martian crustal evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Bollen D, Bell JF, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin WM, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Des Marais DJ, d'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand WH, Folkner W, Gellert R, Glotch TD, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Herkenhoff KE, Hviid S, Johnson JR, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll AH, Landis G, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Schröder C, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Tosca NJ, Wänke H, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. Overview of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Meridiani Planum: Eagle Crater to Purgatory Ripple. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - D. Bollen
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - J. Brückner
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie; Mainz Germany
| | - N. A. Cabrol
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute; Moffett Field California USA
| | - W. M. Calvin
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Nevada, Reno; Reno Nevada USA
| | - M. H. Carr
- U.S. Geological Survey; Menlo Park California USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - B. C. Clark
- Lockheed Martin Corporation; Littleton Colorado USA
| | - L. Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | | | - C. d'Uston
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements; Toulouse France
| | - T. Economou
- Enrico Fermi Institute; University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois USA
| | - J. Farmer
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - W. Folkner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of Physics; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - T. D. Glotch
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - J. A. Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D. C. USA
| | - R. Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - J. Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - S. Hviid
- Max Planck Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
| | | | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - A. H. Knoll
- Botanical Museum; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - G. Landis
- NASA Glenn Research Center; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - M. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - R. Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science; Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - M. B. Madsen
- Niels Bohr Institute; Ørsted Laboratory; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. C. Malin
- Malin Space Science Systems; San Diego California USA
| | - S. M. McLennan
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - H. Y. McSween
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | - J. Moersch
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | | | - T. Parker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Rice
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - L. Richter
- DLR Institute of Space Simulation; Cologne Germany
| | - R. Rieder
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - M. Sims
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - M. Smith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - P. Smith
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | | | - R. Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - N. J. Tosca
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - H. Wänke
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie; Mainz Germany
| | - T. Wdowiak
- Department of Physics; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - M. Wolff
- Space Science Institute; Martinez Georgia USA
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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22
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Karunatillake S, Squyres SW, Taylor GJ, Keller JM, Gasnault O, Evans LG, Reedy RC, Starr R, Boynton W, Janes DM, Kerry KE, Dohm JM, Sprague AL, Hahn BC, Hamara D. Composition of northern low-albedo regions of Mars: Insights from the Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Golombek MP, Grant JA, Crumpler LS, Greeley R, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Weitz CM, Sullivan R, Christensen PR, Soderblom LA, Squyres SW. Erosion rates at the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites and long-term climate change on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. A. Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC USA
| | - L. S. Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - R. Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - C. M. Weitz
- Planetary Science Institute; Tucson Arizona USA
| | - R. Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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24
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Glotch TD, Bandfield JL. Determination and interpretation of surface and atmospheric Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer spectral end-members at the Meridiani Planum landing site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Glotch
- Division of Geological and Planetary Science; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Joshua L. Bandfield
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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26
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Jerolmack DJ, Mohrig D, Grotzinger JP, Fike DA, Watters WA. Spatial grain size sorting in eolian ripples and estimation of wind conditions on planetary surfaces: Application to Meridiani Planum, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Jerolmack
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - David Mohrig
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - John P. Grotzinger
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - David A. Fike
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Wesley A. Watters
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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27
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Blaney DL, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Farrand WH, Gorevan S, Herkenhoff KE, Hurowitz J, Kusack A, McSween HY, Ming DW, Morris RV, Ruff SW, Wang A, Yen A. Rocks of the Columbia Hills. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Diana L. Blaney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - Larry Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel Hurowitz
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | | | - Harry Y. McSween
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | | | | | - Steven W. Ruff
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Alian Wang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Albert Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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28
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Gellert R, Rieder R, Brückner J, Clark BC, Dreibus G, Klingelhöfer G, Lugmair G, Ming DW, Wänke H, Yen A, Zipfel J, Squyres SW. Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS): Results from Gusev crater and calibration report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gellert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
- Department of Physics; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - R. Rieder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - J. Brückner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - B. C. Clark
- Lockheed Martin Corporation; Littleton Colorado USA
| | - G. Dreibus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Inorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - G. Lugmair
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | - H. Wänke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. Zipfel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie; Mainz Germany
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Center for Radiophysics and Space Research; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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29
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Golombek MP, Crumpler LS, Grant JA, Greeley R, Cabrol NA, Parker TJ, Rice JW, Ward JG, Arvidson RE, Moersch JE, Fergason RL, Christensen PR, Castaño A, Castaño R, Haldemann AFC, Li R, Bell JF, Squyres SW. Geology of the Gusev cratered plains from the Spirit rover transverse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - L. S. Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | | | - R. Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - N. A. Cabrol
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - T. J. Parker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Rice
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - J. G. Ward
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - J. E. Moersch
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - R. L. Fergason
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - A. Castaño
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Castaño
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. F. C. Haldemann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science; Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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30
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Greeley R, Arvidson RE, Barlett PW, Blaney D, Cabrol NA, Christensen PR, Fergason RL, Golombek MP, Landis GA, Lemmon MT, McLennan SM, Maki JN, Michaels T, Moersch JE, Neakrase LDV, Rafkin SCR, Richter L, Squyres SW, de Souza PA, Sullivan RJ, Thompson SD, Whelley PL. Gusev crater: Wind-related features and processes observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - Diana Blaney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - N. A. Cabrol
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - R. L. Fergason
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - M. T. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - S. M. McLennan
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - J. N. Maki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - J. E. Moersch
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - L. D. V. Neakrase
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - Lutz Richter
- Institut für Raumsimulation; Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Cologne Germany
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | | | - R. J. Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - S. D. Thompson
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - P. L. Whelley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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31
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Grant JA, Arvidson RE, Crumpler LS, Golombek MP, Hahn B, Haldemann AFC, Li R, Soderblom LA, Squyres SW, Wright SP, Watters WA. Crater gradation in Gusev crater and Meridiani Planum, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies; National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution; Washington, DC USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - L. S. Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - B. Hahn
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - A. F. C. Haldemann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science; Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | | | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - S. P. Wright
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - W. A. Watters
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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32
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Javaux EJ. Extreme life on Earth—past, present and possibly beyond. Res Microbiol 2006; 157:37-48. [PMID: 16376523 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2005.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Life may have been present on Earth since about 3.8 billion years ago or earlier. Multidisciplinary research, especially on the paleobiology and evolution of early microorganisms on Earth and the microbiology of extremophiles in the Earth's environments and under space conditions, enables the defining of strategies for the detection of potential extraterrestrial life by determining biosignatures and the environmental envelope of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle J Javaux
- Department of Astrophysics, Geophysics and Oceanography, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, 17, B5c, 4000 Liège Sart-Tilman, Belgium.
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Golden DC, Ming DW, Morris RV, Mertzman SA. Laboratory-simulated acid-sulfate weathering of basaltic materials: Implications for formation of sulfates at Meridiani Planum and Gusev crater, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Klingelhöfer G, Morris RV, Bernhardt B, Schröder C, Rodionov DS, de Souza PA, Yen A, Gellert R, Evlanov EN, Zubkov B, Foh J, Bonnes U, Kankeleit E, Gütlich P, Ming DW, Renz F, Wdowiak T, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE. Jarosite and Hematite at Meridiani Planum from Opportunity's Mössbauer Spectrometer. Science 2004; 306:1740-5. [PMID: 15576610 DOI: 10.1126/science.1104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mossbauer spectra measured by the Opportunity rover revealed four mineralogical components in Meridiani Planum at Eagle crater: jarosite- and hematite-rich outcrop, hematite-rich soil, olivine-bearing basaltic soil, and a pyroxene-bearing basaltic rock (Bounce rock). Spherules, interpreted to be concretions, are hematite-rich and dispersed throughout the outcrop. Hematitic soils both within and outside Eagle crater are dominated by spherules and their fragments. Olivine-bearing basaltic soil is present throughout the region. Bounce rock is probably an impact erratic. Because jarosite is a hydroxide sulfate mineral, its presence at Meridiani Planum is mineralogical evidence for aqueous processes on Mars, probably under acid-sulfate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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36
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Irwin RP. Geomorphology of Ma'adim Vallis, Mars, and associated paleolake basins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Kirk RL, Howington-Kraus E, Redding B, Galuszka D, Hare TM, Archinal BA, Soderblom LA, Barrett JM. High-resolution topomapping of candidate MER landing sites with Mars Orbiter Camera narrow-angle images. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randolph L. Kirk
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | | | - Bonnie Redding
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Donna Galuszka
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Trent M. Hare
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | | | | | - Janet M. Barrett
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Baumgartner ET, Bell JF, Christensen PR, Gorevan S, Herkenhoff KE, Klingelhöfer G, Madsen MB, Morris RV, Rieder R, Romero RA. Athena Mars rover science investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Squyres
- Center for Radiophysics and Space Research; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Raymond E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - James F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | | | | | | | - Göstar Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
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39
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Beyer RA, McEwen AS, Kirk RL. Meter-scale slopes of candidate MER landing sites from point photoclinometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Beyer
- Department of Planetary Sciences; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Alfred S. McEwen
- Department of Planetary Sciences; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Randolph L. Kirk
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
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40
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Kass DM, Schofield JT, Michaels TI, Rafkin SCR, Richardson MI, Toigo AD. Analysis of atmospheric mesoscale models for entry, descent, and landing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Kass
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. T. Schofield
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - T. I. Michaels
- Department of Meteorology; San Jose State University; San Jose California USA
| | - S. C. R. Rafkin
- Department of Meteorology; San Jose State University; San Jose California USA
| | - M. I. Richardson
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. D. Toigo
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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41
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Tanaka KL, Carr MH, Skinner JA, Gilmore MS, Hare TM. Geology of the MER 2003 “Elysium” candidate landing site in southeastern Utopia Planitia, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martha S. Gilmore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; Wesleyan University; Middletown Connecticut USA
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Toigo AD, Richardson MI. Meteorology of proposed Mars Exploration Rover landing sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Toigo
- Center for Radiophysics and Space Research; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Mark I. Richardson
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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43
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Greeley R, Kuzmin RO, Rafkin SCR, Michaels TI, Haberle R. Wind-related features in Gusev crater, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - Scot C. R. Rafkin
- Department of Meteorology; San Jose State University; San Jose California USA
| | - Timothy I. Michaels
- Department of Meteorology; San Jose State University; San Jose California USA
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Crisp JA, Adler M, Matijevic JR, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Kass DM. Mars Exploration Rover mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy A. Crisp
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Mark Adler
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Jacob R. Matijevic
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - Raymond E. Arvidson
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - David M. Kass
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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45
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Golombek MP, Haldemann AFC, Forsberg-Taylor NK, DiMaggio EN, Schroeder RD, Jakosky BM, Mellon MT, Matijevic JR. Rock size-frequency distributions on Mars and implications for Mars Exploration Rover landing safety and operations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. F. C. Haldemann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - N. K. Forsberg-Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - E. N. DiMaggio
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - R. D. Schroeder
- Department of Geology; California State University; Bakersfield California USA
| | - B. M. Jakosky
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. T. Mellon
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. R. Matijevic
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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