1
|
Persson M, Aizawa S, André N, Barabash S, Saito Y, Harada Y, Heyner D, Orsini S, Fedorov A, Mazelle C, Futaana Y, Hadid LZ, Volwerk M, Collinson G, Sanchez-Cano B, Barthe A, Penou E, Yokota S, Génot V, Sauvaud JA, Delcourt D, Fraenz M, Modolo R, Milillo A, Auster HU, Richter I, Mieth JZD, Louarn P, Owen CJ, Horbury TS, Asamura K, Matsuda S, Nilsson H, Wieser M, Alberti T, Varsani A, Mangano V, Mura A, Lichtenegger H, Laky G, Jeszenszky H, Masunaga K, Signoles C, Rojo M, Murakami G. BepiColombo mission confirms stagnation region of Venus and reveals its large extent. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7743. [PMID: 36522338 PMCID: PMC9755131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The second Venus flyby of the BepiColombo mission offer a unique opportunity to make a complete tour of one of the few gas-dynamics dominated interaction regions between the supersonic solar wind and a Solar System object. The spacecraft pass through the full Venusian magnetosheath following the plasma streamlines, and cross the subsolar stagnation region during very stable solar wind conditions as observed upstream by the neighboring Solar Orbiter mission. These rare multipoint synergistic observations and stable conditions experimentally confirm what was previously predicted for the barely-explored stagnation region close to solar minimum. Here, we show that this region has a large extend, up to an altitude of 1900 km, and the estimated low energy transfer near the subsolar point confirm that the atmosphere of Venus, despite being non-magnetized and less conductive due to lower ultraviolet flux at solar minimum, is capable of withstanding the solar wind under low dynamic pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Persson
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
| | - S Aizawa
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - N André
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - S Barabash
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - Y Saito
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Harada
- Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - D Heyner
- Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Orsini
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome, Italy
| | - A Fedorov
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - C Mazelle
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Y Futaana
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - L Z Hadid
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Saclay, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Volwerk
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - G Collinson
- National Aeronautic and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - B Sanchez-Cano
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - A Barthe
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - E Penou
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - S Yokota
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - V Génot
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - J A Sauvaud
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - D Delcourt
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Saclay, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Fraenz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R Modolo
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Pierre Marie Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Guyancourt, France
| | - A Milillo
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome, Italy
| | - H-U Auster
- Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - I Richter
- Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Z D Mieth
- Institute for Geophysics and Extraterrestrial Physics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Louarn
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - C J Owen
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, UK
| | - T S Horbury
- Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - K Asamura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Matsuda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Nilsson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - M Wieser
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - T Alberti
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome, Italy
| | - A Varsani
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - V Mangano
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome, Italy
| | - A Mura
- Institute of Space Astrophysics and Planetology, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome, Italy
| | - H Lichtenegger
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - G Laky
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - H Jeszenszky
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - K Masunaga
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C Signoles
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - M Rojo
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - G Murakami
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar R, Sakawa Y, Sano T, Döhl LNK, Woolsey N, Morace A. Ion acceleration at two collisionless shocks in a multicomponent plasma. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:043201. [PMID: 34005941 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.043201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Intense laser-plasma interactions are an essential tool for the laboratory study of ion acceleration at a collisionless shock. With two-dimensional particle-in-cell calculations of a multicomponent plasma we observe two electrostatic collisionless shocks at two distinct longitudinal positions when driven with a linearly polarized laser at normalized laser vector potential a_{0} that exceeds 10. Moreover, these shocks, associated with protons and carbon ions, show a power-law dependence on a_{0} and accelerate ions to different velocities in an expanding upstream with higher flux than in a single-component hydrogen or carbon plasma. This results from an electrostatic ion two-stream instability caused by differences in the charge-to-mass ratio of different ions. Particle acceleration in collisionless shocks in multicomponent plasma are ubiquitous in space and astrophysics, and these calculations identify the possibility for studying these complex processes in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Youichi Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Leonard N K Döhl
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10-5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Woolsey
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10-5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|