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Zhao D, Zhang J, Hui N, Wang L, Tian Y, Ni W, Long J, Jiang L, Li Y, Diao S, Li J, Tembrock LR, Wu Z, Wang Z. A Genomic Quantitative Study on the Contribution of the Ancestral-State Bases Relative to Derived Bases in the Divergence and Local Adaptation of Populus davidiana. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040821. [PMID: 37107579 PMCID: PMC10137690 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying alleles associated with adaptation to new environments will advance our understanding of evolution from the molecular level. Previous studies have found that the Populus davidiana southwest population in East Asia has differentiated from other populations in the range. We aimed to evaluate the contributions of the ancestral-state bases (ASBs) relative to derived bases (DBs) in the local adaptation of P. davidiana in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau from a quantitative perspective using whole-genome re-sequencing data from 90 P. davidiana samples from three regions across the species range. Our results showed that the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Neogene and associated climate fluctuations during the Middle Pleistocene were likely an important factor in the early divergence of P. davidiana. Highly differentiated genomic regions between populations were inferred to have undergone strong linked natural selection, and ASBs are the chief means by which populations of P. davidiana adapt to novel environmental conditions; however, when adapting to regions with high environmental differences relative to the ancestral range, the proportion of DBs was significantly higher than that of background regions, as ASBs are insufficient to cope with these environments. Finally, a number of genes were identified in the outlier region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable, Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Nan Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wanning Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jinhua Long
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Songfeng Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Luke R Tembrock
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhaoshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable, Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Chang KW, Bowman KP, Siu LW, Rapp AD. Convective forcing of the North American Monsoon anticyclone at intraseasonal and interannual time scales. JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 2021; 78:2941-2956. [PMID: 34646053 PMCID: PMC8506897 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-21-0009.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), large-scale anticyclones associated with monsoons play major roles in tropospheric and stratospheric transport and mixing. To understand the forcing of the North American monsoon anticyclone (NAMA), this study examines the connection between precipitation over the tropics and subtropics of the North American longitude sector and the variability of the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Using ERA5 reanalysis and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data from 1979âĂŞ2019, we assess the relationship at the intraseasonal time scale using pentad-mean time series. We show that OLR anomalies are correlated with circulation anomalies northwest and northeast of the region of precipitation. Decreased OLR (increased precipitation) corresponds to increased geopotential heights and anticyclonic circulation anomalies in the 300 - 100 hPa layer and an opposite response in the lower tropospheric 850 - 600 hPa layer. The results are consistent with the established theory of the Rossby wave response to latent heating. The increase in height, which is strongest near 150 hPa, indicates that increased precipitation is associated with a strengthened NAMA. UTLS temperatures also have significant correlations with OLR, with cold (warm) anomalies occurring above (below) the core of the anticyclonic anomaly consistent with large-scale balance. The vertical structure of geopotential and temperature anomalies is compared to simulations using an idealized general circulation model, which shows that such a vertical structure is a consistent response to diabatic heating. Correlations at the interannual time scale resemble those at the intraseasonal time scale, demonstrating that precipitation is related to the NAMA at both time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth P. Bowman
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Leong Wai Siu
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Anita D. Rapp
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Clapp CE, Smith JB, Bedka KM, Anderson JG. Identifying Outflow Regions of North American Monsoon Anticyclone-Mediated Meridional Transport of Convectively Influenced Air Masses in the Lower Stratosphere. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2021; 126:e2021JD034644. [PMID: 34221781 PMCID: PMC8244028 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd034644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the effect of the North American monsoon anticyclone (NAMA) on the meridional transport of summertime cross-tropopause convective outflow by applying a trajectory analysis to a climatology of convective overshooting tops (OTs) identified in GOES satellite images, which covers the domain from 29°S to 68°N and from 205°W to 1.25°W for the time period of May to September, 2013. From this analysis, we identify seasonal development of geographically distinct outflow regions of convectively influenced air masses (CIAMs) from the NAMA circulation to the global stratosphere and quantify the associated meridional displacement of CIAMs. We find that prior to the development of the NAMA, the majority of CIAMs exit the study area in a southeastern region between 5°N and 35°N at 45°W (75.5% in May). During July and August, when the NAMA is strongest, two additional outflow regions develop that constitute the majority of outflow: 68.1% in a northeastern region between 35°N and 60°N at 45°W and 13.4% in a southwestern region between 5°N and 35°N at 145°W. The shift in the location of most CIAM outflow from the pre-NAMA southeastern region to NAMA-dependent northeastern and southwestern regions corresponds to a change in average meridional displacement of CIAMs from 3.3° northward in May to 24.5° northward in July and August. Meridional transport of CIAMs through persistent outflow regions from the NAMA circulation to the global stratosphere has the potential to impact global stratospheric composition beyond convective source regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Clapp
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - J. B. Smith
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - J. G. Anderson
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
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Clapp C, Smith J, Bedka K, Anderson J. Identifying Source Regions and the Distribution of Cross-Tropopause Convective Outflow Over North America During the Warm Season. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2019; 124:13750-13762. [PMID: 32140373 PMCID: PMC7043375 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd031382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the interaction between the North American monsoon anticyclone (NAMA) and summertime cross-tropopause convective outflow by applying a trajectory analysis to a climatology of convective overshooting tops (OTs) identified in GOES satellite images, which covers the domain from 29°S to 68°N and from 205 to 1.25°W for the time period of May through September 2013. With this analysis we identified seasonally, geographically, and altitude-dependent variability in NAMA strength and in cross-tropopause convection that control their interaction. We find that the NAMA has the strongest impact on the circulation of convectively influenced air masses in August. Over the entire time period examined the intertropical convergence zone contributes the majority of OTs with a larger fraction of total OTs at 370 K (on average 70%) than at 400 K (on average 52%). During August at 370 K, the convectively influenced air masses within the NAMA circulation, as determined by the trajectory analysis, are primarily sourced from the intertropical convergence zone (monthly average of 66.1%), while at 400 K the Sierra Madres and the Central United States combined constitute the dominant source region (monthly average of 44.1%, compared to 36.6% of the combined Intertropical Convergence Zone regions). When evaluating the impact of cross-tropopause convection on the composition and chemistry of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, the effects of the NAMA on both the distribution of convective outflow and the residence time of convectively influenced air masses within the NAMA region must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.E. Clapp
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - J.B. Smith
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - K.M. Bedka
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVAUSA
| | - J.G. Anderson
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
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Wang X, Wu Y, Tung WW, Richter JH, Glanville AA, Tilmes S, Orbe C, Huang Y, Xia Y, Kinnison DE. The Simulation of Stratospheric Water Vapor over the Asian Summer Monsoon Region in CESM1(WACCM) Models. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2018; 123:11377-11391. [PMID: 32745154 PMCID: PMC7394263 DOI: 10.1029/2018jd028971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous observational studies have found a persistent maximum in stratospheric water vapor (SWV) in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS) confined by the upper-level anticyclone over the Asian summer monsoon region. This study investigates the simulation of SWV in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). WACCM generally tends to simulate a SWV maximum over the central Pacific Ocean, but this bias is largely improved in the high vertical resolution version. The high vertical resolution model with increased vertical layers in the UTLS is found to have a less stratified UTLS over the central Pacific Ocean compared with the low vertical resolution model. It therefore simulates a steepened PV gradient over the central Pacific Ocean that better closes the upper-level anticyclone and confines the SWV within the enhanced transport barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yutian Wu
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Wen-wen Tung
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jadwiga H Richter
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Anne A. Glanville
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry, Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Simone Tilmes
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry, Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Clara Orbe
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Douglas E. Kinnison
- Atmospheric Chemistry, Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
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Stable Water Isotopologues in the Stratosphere Retrieved from Odin/SMR Measurements. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Randel WJ, Moyer E, Park M, Jensen E, Bernath P, Walker K, Boone C. Global variations of HDO and HDO/H2O ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere derived from ACE-FTS satellite measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Randel WJ, Park M, Emmons L, Kinnison D, Bernath P, Walker KA, Boone C, Pumphrey H. Asian Monsoon Transport of Pollution to the Stratosphere. Science 2010; 328:611-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1182274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mijeong Park
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Louisa Emmons
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Doug Kinnison
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Bernath
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaley A. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Boone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugh Pumphrey
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Ploeger F, Konopka P, Günther G, Grooß JU, Müller R. Impact of the vertical velocity scheme on modeling transport in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Dessler AE. Clouds and water vapor in the Northern Hemisphere summertime stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Worden J, Jones DBA, Liu J, Parrington M, Bowman K, Stajner I, Beer R, Jiang J, Thouret V, Kulawik S, Li JLF, Verma S, Worden H. Observed vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone during the Asian summertime monsoon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gettelman A, Lauritzen PH, Park M, Kay JE. Processes regulating short-lived species in the tropical tropopause layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Thampi BV, Sunilkumar SV, Parameswaran K. Lidar studies of particulates in the UTLS region at a tropical station over the Indian subcontinent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Massive global ozone loss predicted following regional nuclear conflict. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:5307-12. [PMID: 18391218 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710058105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a chemistry-climate model and new estimates of smoke produced by fires in contemporary cities to calculate the impact on stratospheric ozone of a regional nuclear war between developing nuclear states involving 100 Hiroshima-size bombs exploded in cities in the northern subtropics. We find column ozone losses in excess of 20% globally, 25-45% at midlatitudes, and 50-70% at northern high latitudes persisting for 5 years, with substantial losses continuing for 5 additional years. Column ozone amounts remain near or <220 Dobson units at all latitudes even after three years, constituting an extratropical "ozone hole." The resulting increases in UV radiation could impact the biota significantly, including serious consequences for human health. The primary cause for the dramatic and persistent ozone depletion is heating of the stratosphere by smoke, which strongly absorbs solar radiation. The smoke-laden air rises to the upper stratosphere, where removal mechanisms are slow, so that much of the stratosphere is ultimately heated by the localized smoke injections. Higher stratospheric temperatures accelerate catalytic reaction cycles, particularly those of odd-nitrogen, which destroy ozone. In addition, the strong convection created by rising smoke plumes alters the stratospheric circulation, redistributing ozone and the sources of ozone-depleting gases, including N(2)O and chlorofluorocarbons. The ozone losses predicted here are significantly greater than previous "nuclear winter/UV spring" calculations, which did not adequately represent stratospheric plume rise. Our results point to previously unrecognized mechanisms for stratospheric ozone depletion.
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Schoeberl MR, Douglass AR, Newman PA, Lait LR, Lary D, Waters J, Livesey N, Froidevaux L, Lambert A, Read W, Filipiak MJ, Pumphrey HC. QBO and annual cycle variations in tropical lower stratosphere trace gases from HALOE and Aura MLS observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. R. Douglass
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - P. A. Newman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - L. R. Lait
- University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - D. Lary
- University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - J. Waters
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - N. Livesey
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - L. Froidevaux
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. Lambert
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - W. Read
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. J. Filipiak
- School of GeoSciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - H. C. Pumphrey
- School of GeoSciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
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Kinnison DE, Brasseur GP, Walters S, Garcia RR, Marsh DR, Sassi F, Harvey VL, Randall CE, Emmons L, Lamarque JF, Hess P, Orlando JJ, Tie XX, Randel W, Pan LL, Gettelman A, Granier C, Diehl T, Niemeier U, Simmons AJ. Sensitivity of chemical tracers to meteorological parameters in the MOZART-3 chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Weinstock EM, Pittman JV, Sayres DS, Smith JB, Anderson JG, Wofsy SC, Xueref I, Gerbig C, Daube BC, Pfister L, Richard EC, Ridley BA, Weinheimer AJ, Jost HJ, Lopez JP, Loewenstein M, Thompson TL. Quantifying the impact of the North American monsoon and deep midlatitude convection on the subtropical lowermost stratosphere using in situ measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Park M, Randel WJ, Gettelman A, Massie ST, Jiang JH. Transport above the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone inferred from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder tracers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pan LL, Wei JC, Kinnison DE, Garcia RR, Wuebbles DJ, Brasseur GP. A set of diagnostics for evaluating chemistry-climate models in the extratropical tropopause region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Randel WJ, Park M. Deep convective influence on the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone and associated tracer variability observed with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Gettelman A. Simulations of water isotope abundances in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and implications for stratosphere troposphere exchange. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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