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Yang N, Wang G, Liao F, Dang X, Gu X. Insights into moisture sources and evolution from groundwater isotopes ( 2H, 18O, and 14C) in Northeastern Qaidam Basin, Northeast Tibetan Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:160981. [PMID: 36539094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of moisture sources is of great significance for the understanding of groundwater recharge and hydrological cycle. However, it is often difficult to identify the moisture sources and evolution especially in the areas with complex climate system. Isotopes in groundwater that acts as a climate archive provide a unique perspective on the moisture sources and evolution. In this study, the stable isotopes (2H, 18O) of precipitation and groundwater, radioactive isotope (14C) of groundwater, water vapor trajectory modeling (HYSPLIT models) and d-excess based on mass balance model were employed to reveal the groundwater origin, moisture source and evolution in the northeastern Qaidam Basin, northeast Tibetan Plateau, China. The stable isotopic compositions indicate that the precipitation in the mountainous areas is the main origin of groundwater. The spatiotemporal variation of groundwater d-excess together with HYSPLIT modeling suggest that the moisture sources in the northeastern Qaidam Basin have been controlled by the Westerlies and did not alter obviously with time, whereas Delingha with relatively low elevation is influenced by both the Westerlies and local recycled moisture. More than 80 % water vapor derives from the northwest of study area for the plain and mountainous area, except for the mountainous area of Delingha, where approximately 23 % water vapor originates from the surface water evaporation in the plain area. The water vapor with high d-excess formed in the plain area is transported to the mountainous area and mixed with advected water vapor, resulting in the large d-excess of groundwater in Delingha. The moisture recycling fraction in precipitation for the mountainous area of Delingha is estimated to be about 2.0 % by using d-excess-based mass balance model. The results of the study could be helpful to the understanding of hydrological cycle of the area and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueya Dang
- Xi'an Center, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory for Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xiaofan Gu
- Xi'an Center, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory for Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi-arid Areas, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, China
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Yang D, Yao T, Wu G, Zhu M, Zhao H, Shi Y, Qu D. Different patterns and origins between northwestern and southeastern Tibetan ice core glaciochemical records over the past century. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:153195. [PMID: 35051462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric circulation systems differ between the northern and southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and are characterized by prevailing westerly winds and the Indian monsoon, respectively. This leads to spatial differences between glaciochemical records in the northwestern and southeastern TP. We compared the spatial differences in major soluble ion concentrations (Ca2+, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Cl-, Na+, K+, and Mg2+) during the last century in the Aru (northwestern TP) and East Rongbuk (ER; southeastern TP) ice cores. Ca2+ exhibited the largest difference between the ice cores (2371 ppb in the Aru ice core and 65 ppb in the ER ice core), indicating that crustal processes were more dominant in the Aru ice core. NH4+ accounted for 17% of the total ion concentration in the ER ice core but only 3% in the Aru ice core, which may be related to the Indian monsoon traveling over NH3 emission zones in southern Asia. The major soluble ion concentrations exhibited decreasing trends in the Aru ice core but increasing trends in the ER ice core (P < 0.01). Empirical orthogonal function and backward trajectory analyses indicated that the major soluble ions in the Aru ice core originated from crustal sources in central Asia; those in the ER ice core had crustal, anthropogenic, and oceanic sources from southern Asia. The results from the Aru ice core suggest that dust events and enhanced prevailing westerly winds promoted the deposition of dust aerosols from the Taklamakan Desert and arid and semi-arid regions of central Asia. Contrastingly, the results from the ER ice core suggest that the Indian monsoon transported crustal and anthropogenic sources from southern Asia and oceanic sources from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. This study contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the differences in glaciochemical records and their causes between the northwestern and southeastern TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tandong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Guangjian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huabiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongmei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
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Abstract
A straightforward mechanism based on properties of the moist adiabat is proposed to construe the observed latitudinal and longitudinal distribution of the anthropogenic forcing efficiency. Considering precipitation patterns at the planetary scale, idealized environmental adiabats leading to low-pressure systems are deduced. When the climate system responds to a small perturbation, which reflects radiative forcing that follows increasing anthropogenic emissions, the dry and moist adiabatic lapse rates move away from each other as the temperature of the moist adiabat at the altitude z = 0 increases. When the atmosphere becomes unstable, under the influence of the perturbation, a positive feedback loop occurs because of a transient change in the emission level height of outgoing longwave radiation in the saturated absorption bands of water vapor. During these periods of instability, the perturbation of the climate system is exerted with the concomitant warming of the surface temperature. In contrast, the return of the surface temperature to its initial value before the development of the cyclonic system is very slow because heat exchanges are mainly ruled by latent and sensible heat fluxes. Consequently, the mean surface temperature turns out to result from successive events with asymmetrical surface–atmosphere heat exchanges. The forcing efficiency differs according to whether atmospheric instability has a continental or oceanic origin. Hence the rendition of the latitudinal and longitudinal distribution of the observed surface temperature response to anthropogenic forcing, which specifies in detail the mechanisms involved in the various climate systems, including the Arctic amplification.
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Gabrielli P, Wegner A, Sierra-Hernández MR, Beaudon E, Davis M, Barker JD, Thompson LG. Early atmospheric contamination on the top of the Himalayas since the onset of the European Industrial Revolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3967-3973. [PMID: 32041888 PMCID: PMC7049134 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910485117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Because few ice core records from the Himalayas exist, understanding of the onset and timing of the human impact on the atmosphere of the "roof of the world" remains poorly constrained. We report a continuous 500-y trace metal ice core record from the Dasuopu glacier (7,200 m, central Himalayas), the highest drilling site on Earth. We show that an early contamination from toxic trace metals, particularly Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sb, and Zn, emerged at high elevation in the Himalayas at the onset of the European Industrial Revolution (∼1780 AD). This was amplified by the intensification of the snow accumulation (+50% at Dasuopu) likely linked to the meridional displacement of the winter westerlies from 1810 until 1880 AD. During this period, the flux and crustal enrichment factors of the toxic trace metals were augmented by factors of 2 to 4 and 2 to 6, respectively. We suggest this contamination was the consequence of the long-range transport and wet deposition of fly ash from the combustion of coal (likely from Western Europe where it was almost entirely produced and used during the 19th century) with a possible contribution from the synchronous increase in biomass burning emissions from deforestation in the Northern Hemisphere. The snow accumulation decreased and dry winters were reestablished in Dasuopu after 1880 AD when lower than expected toxic metal levels were recorded. This indicates that contamination on the top of the Himalayas depended primarily on multidecadal changes in atmospheric circulation and secondarily on variations in emission sources during the last 200 y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gabrielli
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Anna Wegner
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | | | - Emilie Beaudon
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mary Davis
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Joel D Barker
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lonnie G Thompson
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Beaudon E, Gabrielli P, Sierra-Hernández MR, Wegner A, Thompson LG. Central Tibetan Plateau atmospheric trace metals contamination: A 500-year record from the Puruogangri ice core. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1349-1363. [PMID: 28605854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A ~500-year section of ice core (1497-1992) from the Puruogangri ice cap has been analyzed at high resolution for 28 trace elements (TEs: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V and Zn) to assess different atmospheric contributions to the ice and provide a temporal perspective on the diverse atmospheric influences over the central Tibetan Plateau (TP). At least two volcanic depositions have significantly impacted the central TP over the past 500years, possibly originating from the Billy Mitchell (1580, Papua New Guinea) and the Parker Peak (1641, Philippines) eruptions. A decreasing aeolian dust input to the ice cap allowed the detection of an atmospheric pollution signal. The anthropogenic pollution contribution emerges in the record since the early 1900s (for Sb and Cd) and increases substantially after 1935 (for Ag, Zn, Pb, Cd and Sb). The metallurgy (Zn, Pb and steel smelting) emission products (Cd, Zn, Pb and Ag) from the former Soviet Union and especially from central Asia (e.g., Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan) likely enhanced the anthropogenic deposition to the Puruogangri ice cap between 1935 and 1980, suggesting that the westerlies served as a conveyor of atmospheric pollution to central Tibet. The impact of this industrial pollution cumulated with that of the hemispheric coal and gasoline combustion which are respectively traced by Sb and Pb enrichment in the ice. The Chinese steel production accompanying the Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) and the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) is proposed as a secondary but proximal source of Pb pollution affecting the ice cap between 1958 and 1976. The most recent decade (1980-1992) of the enrichment time series suggests that Puruogangri ice cap recorded the early Sb, Cd, Zn, Pb and Ag pollution originating from developing countries of South (i.e., India) and East (i.e., China) Asia and transported by the summer monsoonal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Beaudon
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA.
| | - Paolo Gabrielli
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA; School of Earth Sciences, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M Roxana Sierra-Hernández
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA
| | - Anna Wegner
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA
| | - Lonnie G Thompson
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA; School of Earth Sciences, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Chen Y, Li XK, Si J, Wu GJ, Tian LD, Xiang SR. Changes of the Bacterial Abundance and Communities in Shallow Ice Cores from Dunde and Muztagata Glaciers, Western China. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1716. [PMID: 27847503 PMCID: PMC5088206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, six bacterial community structures were analyzed from the Dunde ice core (9.5-m-long) using 16S rRNA gene cloning library technology. Compared to the Muztagata mountain ice core (37-m-long), the Dunde ice core has different dominant community structures, with five genus-related groups Blastococcus sp./Propionibacterium, Cryobacterium-related., Flavobacterium sp., Pedobacter sp., and Polaromas sp. that are frequently found in the six tested ice layers from 1990 to 2000. Live and total microbial density patterns were examined and related to the dynamics of physical-chemical parameters, mineral particle concentrations, and stable isotopic ratios in the precipitations collected from both Muztagata and Dunde ice cores. The Muztagata ice core revealed seasonal response patterns for both live and total cell density, with high cell density occurring in the warming spring and summer months indicated by the proxy value of the stable isotopic ratios. Seasonal analysis of live cell density for the Dunde ice core was not successful due to the limitations of sampling resolution. Both ice cores showed that the cell density peaks were frequently associated with high concentrations of particles. A comparison of microbial communities in the Dunde and Muztagata glaciers showed that similar taxonomic members exist in the related ice cores, but the composition of the prevalent genus-related groups is largely different between the two geographically different glaciers. This indicates that the micro-biogeography associated with geographic differences was mainly influenced by a few dominant taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou China
| | - Xiang-Kai Li
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou China
| | - Guang-Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingChina; Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, LanzhouChina
| | - Li-De Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingChina; Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, LanzhouChina
| | - Shu-Rong Xiang
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, LanzhouChina; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingChina; Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, LanzhouChina
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Ishizaki Y, Yoshimura K, Kanae S, Kimoto M, Kurita N, Oki T. Interannual variability of H218O in precipitation over the Asian monsoon region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhao H, Xu B, Yao T, Tian L, Li Z. Records of sulfate and nitrate in an ice core from Mount Muztagata, central Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vuille M, Werner M, Bradley RS, Keimig F. Stable isotopes in precipitation in the Asian monsoon region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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